70例隐匿性肾炎临床与病理分析

目的：探讨肾活检在隐匿性肾炎诊断、治疗及预后判断等方面的意义。方法：回顾性分析近5年内收治的70例有完整肾活检资料的隐匿性肾炎病例，对其临床特点、肾脏病理特征，肾活检对诊断、治疗、预后的影响及中医病机特点等进行相关分析。结果：70例隐匿性肾炎患者中，无症状血尿5例（7.14％）、无症状性血尿和蛋白尿60例（85．71％）、无症状性蛋白尿5例（7．14％）。中医辨证分析，本虚证中肺肾气虚占24．29％，脾肾阳虚占10．00％，气阴两虚占61．43％，肝肾阴虚占4．29％；标实证中外感占25．71％，湿浊占10．00％，湿热占87．14％，血瘀占55．71％。病理类型为IgA肾病41例（58．57％）、非IgA系膜增生性肾炎23例（32．86％）、其他6例（8．57％）；肾脏病理损害分级为无病变1例（1．43％）、轻度62例（88．57％）、中度7例（10．00％）、重度0例。肾活检后19例（27．14％）患者改变了主要治疗方法。预后判定为良好3例（4．29％）、较好49例（70．00％）、较差18例（25．71％）、不良反应0例。结论：隐匿性肾炎主要临床表现为无症状性血尿和蛋白尿，中医辨证多属气阴两虚，挟湿热、瘀血。主要病理类型为IgA及非IgA系膜增生性肾炎；大部分患者肾脏病理损害较轻、预后较好，约1／4的患者肾脏病理损害较重、预后较差。隐匿性肾炎患者开展肾活检对明确肾脏病理损害程度、指导治疗及判断预后等具有重要意义。     

儿童紫癜性肾炎的临床和病理研究

目的：探讨儿童紫癜性肾炎（HSPN）的临床和肾组织病理改变特点及其关系。方法：回顾性分析1995年12月～2007年12月进行过肾活检的105例HSPN患儿的临床和肾组织病理改变情况。结果：105例HSPN患儿中,单纯血尿组18例（17.14%）,血尿及蛋白尿组61例（58.10%）,肾病综合征组26例（24.76%）;三组间的Scr、BUN、IgA、IgE、CRP和C3水平均无统计学差异（P均〉0.05）,血浆白蛋白在各组间存在统计学差异（P均〈0.01）。病理上ISKDC分级结果为：Ⅱa级8例（7.62%）,Ⅱb级21例（20.00%）,Ⅲa级33例（31.43%）,Ⅲb级38例（36.19%）,Ⅳ级5例（4.76%）;三组间比较有统计学差异（χ^2=44.51,P〈0.01）。肾小管间质病变的组织学分级结果为：（-）级34例（32.38%）,（＋）级64例（60.95%）,（＋＋）级6例（5.71%）,（＋＋＋）级1例（0.95%）,（＋＋＋＋）级0例（0%）;三组间比较有统计学差异（χ^2=40.59,P〈0.01）。结论：儿童HSPN临床表现多样,肾病理改变相对较轻,且两者之间存在密切关系。     

81例隐匿性肾炎患者的临床与肾病理分析

隐匿性肾炎是临床常见的一类肾脏疾病,病情隐匿,以往认为预后良好,易被患者及医师忽视,致病情加重,国内外对其肾病理变化与临床的关系研究亦较少.本文对81例隐匿性肾炎患者进行肾穿刺活检,观察病理学特征与临床的关系,为进一步了解隐匿性肾炎病变、及时制订治疗方法提供依据.     

159例儿童过敏性紫癜性肾炎的临床病理及预后

过敏性紫癜性肾炎（HSPN）是儿童时期最常见的继发性肾小球肾炎之一。我们对159例儿童HSPN的资料进行分析，研究其临床、病理、预后特点及相互关系。     

无症状镜下血尿的病因分析及临床措施

分析无症状镜下血尿的病因,探讨对此类患者的临床处理措施。采用尿常规、尿脱落细胞学、B超、膀胱镜及X线等检查方法,对174例无症状镜下血尿患者进行前瞻性随访研究。结果174例无症状镜下血尿患者中首次全面检查明确血尿病因者占9.8％(17/174)。共有31例(17.8％)病因得以明确,其中7例患有泌尿系肿瘤,Ⅱ类、Ⅱ类及Ⅲ类病变发生率分别为4.6％(8例)、9.8％(17例)和3.4％(6例)。认为对首次就诊的无症状镜下血尿患者应行详细检查。未能明确病因时,尤其是对老年患者,宜于短期内定期随访。     

肾病综合征表现的儿童IgA肾病临床和病理分析

目的:分析儿童IgA肾病(IgA nephropathy,IgAN)中表现为肾病综合征的患儿临床和病理的特点.方法:总结1995年12月～2004年6月我科98例肾活检病理诊断为原发IgAN中,表现为肾病综合征(NS)的临床、组织病理特点.结果:98例中表现为肾病综合征22例,占IgAN的(22.4%).按1982年WHO病理组织分类,肾小球病理改变为Ⅰ级2例(9.1%),1例单纯性肾病,1例肾炎性肾病;Ⅱ级5例(22.7%),1例单纯性肾病,4例肾炎性肾病;Ⅲ级9例(40.9%),Ⅳ级6例(27.3%),均有肾炎性肾病.免疫荧光分型:IgA型5例(22.7%),IgA IgG型4例(18.2%),IgA IgM型9例(40.9%),IgA IgG IgM型4例(18.2%),以IgA IgM型多见.小管间质损害(TIL)分型:Ⅰ级11例(50.0%),Ⅱ级7例(31.8%),Ⅲ级4例(18.2%),Ⅳ级未见.结论:IgA肾病表现为肾病综合征者临床及病理改变均较重,肾小球变化以Ⅲ～Ⅳ级改变为主,免疫荧光中以IgA IgM型多见,小管间质损害以Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级多见.     

Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria in Women: Case Series and Brief Review

Recommendations for the work-up of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (AMH) often derive from studies including both men and women. This study was undertaken to determine whether that work-up is appropriate for a female patient population. We studied 49 women referred to a urogynecologist for AMH. Patients underwent formal urinalysis, urine culture and cytology, cystoscopy, and either renal ultrasound or intravenous urography (IVU). Highly significant lesions diagnosed were one renal cell carcinoma and one acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Moderately significant lesions included one candidal urinary tract infection. Insignificant lesions included bladder inflammation in 46 patients and renal cysts in 5. Our findings confirm the importance of the work-up of AMH in women. Ultrasound was effective in diagnosing upper tract lesions, with less cost and morbidity than IVU. Larger studies are needed to determine who should be screened, whether the work-up should differ for younger women, possible treatments for benign findings, and appropriate follow-up.     

成人紫癜性肾炎的临床病理分析及转归

目的：了解深圳地区成人紫癜性肾炎的临床特征及其与肾脏病理的联系;探讨其转归及影响因素。方法：回顾性分析2001年1月～2009年12月间经我院临床及肾活检确诊的紫癜性肾炎52例,对其临床资料、病理特征及转归进行统计分析。结果：（1）成人紫癜性肾炎多好发于30岁以下,40岁以后患者高血压的发生率较高。（2）临床分型以蛋白尿＋血尿型（59.6%）最多见,其次为单纯性血尿（21.2%）和肾病综合征型（19.2%）;病理分级以Ⅱ级（44.2%）及Ⅲ级（36.5%）多见。（3）肾小管间质病变与肾小球慢性病变及活动病变的相关系数分别为0.587（P〈0.01）和0.260（P〉0.05）;蛋白尿越多的患者,其肾小球活动病变积分就越高。（4）多因素分析显示疗效与肾小球硬化率及肾小管间质病变呈负相关。结论：深圳地区成人紫癜性肾炎发病相对年轻,临床以蛋白尿＋血尿型多见,病理以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级常见;蛋白尿的严重程度与肾小球活动病变关系密切;影响疗效的主要因素为肾小球慢性病变及肾小管间质病变程度。     

Effect of oral camostat mesilate on hematuria and/or proteinuria in children

The effects of camostat mesilate (CM), a derivative of gabexate mesilate developed for oral use, on primary glomerulonephritis (GN) and chance hematuria and/or proteinuria were evaluated. Fourteen patients (6 males, 8 females) with a mean age of 11 years and 3 months (range 4–16 years) were enrolled. Histological and clinical diagnoses of the 14 patients were as follows: IgA nephropathy 3, non-IgA GN 2, and asymptomatic significant microscopic hematuria [more than 100 red blood cells per high-power field (x400)] with or without proteinuria 9. They were consecutively treated with oral CM (100 mg twice a day) when they were confirmed to have continuous significant microscopic hematuria and/or proteinuria after a few months of observational follow-up. Urinary findings were normalized in 10 of the 14 patients (85.7%) between 1 month 1 week and 10 months (mean 4 months) after administration of CM. Hematuria cleared in 11 of 13 patients, and proteinuria disappeared in 4 of 5 patients. The mean duration of CM administration was 21.7±9.1 months (range 4–37 months). At present, 3–12 years after discontinuation of CM therapy, their urinary findings remain normal at 9 years 10 months to 26 years 6 months of age. In conclusion, there appears to be an association between the oral use of CM and reduction in significant microscopic hematuria and/or proteinuria. Oral CM therapy could represent a practical primary care approach to chance hematuria and/or proteinuria in children.     

14例儿童IgM肾病临床与病理探讨

目的：探讨儿童IgM肾病临床与病理之间的关系。方法：对首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院2004年10月～2009年3月经肾组织活检明确诊断为IgM肾病14例患儿的临床资料、肾组织病理、治疗方法和随访情况进行回顾性分析。结果：本资料50%IgM肾病临床表现为肾病综合征;肾脏病理显示以系膜增生病变为主,免疫荧光示8例单纯IgM沉积,5例IgM＋IgG沉积;结合临床和病理给予个体化治疗,有效率可达81.8%。结论：IgM肾病临床和病理存在着一定的关联性,临床表现为肾病综合征者病理损害较重。早期、规律、个体化治疗,近期疗效好。大量蛋白尿是预后不良的因素。     

123例原发性IgA肾病患者临床特点与病理分析

目的：探讨原发性IgA肾病患者临床表现、病理特点及其相关性。方法：回顾性总结分析123例经肾活检病理确诊为原发性IgA肾病的临床和病理资料。结果：123例IgA肾病患者在21岁～40岁年龄段发病率最高（占65.8%）;临床表现以发作性肉眼血尿最多见（占36.6%）;病理类型分级以Ⅱ级（56.1%）,Ⅲ级（20.3%）为主;病理类型与临床表现呈正相关（P〈0.01）;随着Lee氏病理分级程度的增高,血肌酐、血尿酸、血脂有不同程度的升高（P〈0.05）。结论：IgA肾病临床类型多样,其组织形态学改变轻重不一,宜尽早做肾活检以明确诊断,指导治疗。     

A survey of peritonitis and exit-site and/or tunnel infections in Japanese children on PD

To obtain data on peritonitis and exit-site and/or tunnel infections (ESI/TI) in Japanese children undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) from January 1999 through June 2003, we surveyed 22 members of the Japanese Study Group of Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis (JSPPD) by questionnaire. One hundred and thirty patients were eligible. Seventy episodes of bacterial peritonitis occurred in 45 patients (0.17 episodes/patient-year), and 123 ESI/TI occurred in 60 patients (0.29 episodes/patient-year). S. aureus and MRSA were found to be the causative organisms in 39% and 13% of the peritonitis episodes, and in 59% and 20% of the ESI/TI, respectively. Tunnel infection was found in 55% of the MRSA peritonitis episodes. Eleven percent of the peritonitis episodes relapsed, and 19% needed hemodialysis. One patient died due to MRSA peritonitis. The PD catheter was removed in all fungal and 78% of MRSA peritonitis. However, the type of organism did not influence the need for catheter-related surgery for ESI/TI. Neither peritonitis nor ESI/TI was prevented by the use of a swan-neck catheter, a downward-pointing exit site, povidone iodine exit-site care, bathing instruments, or nasal mupirocin. In conclusion, MRSA peritonitis was not uncommon in children in Japan, was frequently associated with tunnel infections, and had a poor outcome. No association was found between the occurrence of infection and preventive measures previously reported as effective. Alternative approaches are needed in children, especially for MRSA.Members of the Japanese Study Group of Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis (JSPPD) that participated in this survey: Yuko Akioka (Chiba), Kazumoto Iijima (Tokyo), Masahiro Ikeda (Tokyo), Masaaki Ikoma (Kawasaki), Yuhei Ito (Kurume), Osamu Uemura (Ohbu), Yoshiyuki Ohtomo (Iwatsuki), Yoshitsugu Kaku (Fukuoka), Takashi Sakano (Hiroshima), Kenichi Satomura (Osaka), Junzo Suzuki (Fukushima), Eihiko Takahashi (Yokohama), Masafumi Taki (Okayama), Motoshi Hattori (Tokyo), Hitoshi Nakazato (Kumamoto), Shinya Nakamura (Sagamihara), Kandai Nozu (Kobe), Toshio Yanagihara (Niigata), Hiroshi Yoshimura (Uruma)     

Quantifying Duration of Proteinuria Remission and Association with Clinical Outcome in IgA Nephropathy

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