Science verification results from PMAS

PMAS, the Potsdam Multi‐Aperture Spectrophotometer, is a new integral field instrument which was commissioned at the Calar Alto 3.5 m Telescope in May 2001. We report on results obtained from a science verification run in October 2001. We present observations of the low‐metallicity blue compact dwarf galaxy SBS0335‐052, the ultra‐luminous X‐ray Source X‐1 in the Holmberg II galaxy, the quadruple gravitational lens system Q2237+0305 (the “Einstein Cross”), the Galactic planetary nebula NGC7027, and extragalactic planetary nebulae in M31. PMAS is now available as a common user instrument at Calar Alto Observatory. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于积分视场单元的三维天文成像光谱技术

近年来,三维成像光谱技术主要是发展和采用积分视场单元方法,即将枧场内的展源目标连续切割成若干单元,重新排列后进入光谱仪器,同时获得展源的高分辨率三维数据立方体(x,y和λ).相对于传统的技术方法,这种基于积分枧场单元的三维成像光谱技术进行一次观测可以同时获取天体各处的二维空间信息和光谱信息.采用积分视场单元虽然在光谱数据处理上会带来很多困难,但由于其在观测时间和效率上具有明显的优点,因此值得采用.该文简要介绍了三维成像光谱技术的原理;评述了目前实现三维成像光谱的三种不同类型的技术系统:小透镜阵系统、光纤加小透镜阵系统、像切分器系统,重点介绍了像切分器系统的有关情况;最后展望了三维成像光谱技术在天文学上的应用.     

E3D,the Euro3D visualization tool I: Description of the program and its capabilities

We present the first version of E3D, the Euro3D visualization tool for data from integral field spectroscopy. We describe its major characteristics, based on the proposed requirements, the current state of the project, and some planned future upgrades. We show examples of its use and capabilities. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

太阳光谱望远镜的Stokes光谱测量

中国科学院云南天文台"太阳Stokes光谱观测与理论研究”团组自进入国家天文观测中心以来,经过一年多的努力,对50cm太阳光谱望远镜原偏振测量部分进行了彻底改造,由原来的D.C.调制改为A.C.调制,且增加了偏振测量校正系统.其机械,电控设计和加工于2000年2月完成,3月完成了光学调试,4月上旬完成了偏振解调和图像处理的软件编制.自2000年4月下旬以来,对23周峰年出现的部分活动区进行了较为成功的斯托克斯光谱测量,其偏振测量精度可达2×10-3,已接近国际水平,为该团组开展的课题研究打下了良好的基础.以此望远镜与怀柔观测基地太阳磁场望远镜相配合,将使我国太阳矢量磁场和速度场的研究更上一个台阶.给出了偏振测量的具体方法和部分测量结果.尽管取得了以上的成绩,但在近期内将对该偏振测量方式作进一步改进,用双光束分析代替单光束分析,使偏振测量精度提高到5×10-4,从而使之不仅能在活动区而且也能在宁静区得到矢量磁场的信息,不仅如此,还可对太阳第二光谱进行测量,提高我们依托该望远镜进行研究的广度和深度.     

Spectroscopy of Galaxies in Selected Fields of the Second Byurakan Survey

Spectroscopic data are presented for 35 galaxies from selected fields of the Second Byurakan Survey (SBS). The observations were made on the 2.6 m telescope at the BAO using the SCORPIO spectral camera. A majority of the objects were observed for the purpose of improving the classification of types in accordance with an adapted scheme presented in this paper.     

GPS/LEO掩星技术中Abel积分变换的奇点问题

在GPS／LEO无线电掩星反演地球大气技术中，Abel积分是反演地球大气折射指数的最常用的方法，Abel积分存在积分奇点的问题，根据这一问题讨论了解决奇异积分的几种不同的积分方法，并提出了一种直接求Abel积分变换的解析解．通过数值积分模拟计算，对比了各种不同积分方法引入了的计算误差。     

Study of the planetary nebula NGC 2438 I. Spectroscopy of the nebula and of some cluster stars

We found 36 emission lines in the spectrum of the planetary nebula NGC 2438, and we determined its exc. class to be about 6–7. The nebular RV_hel = 60.3 ± 3.6 km/s (5 spectra) is in agreement with RV_hel = 60.8 ± 4.0 km/s of 4 cluster stars (10 spectra). We conclude that contrary to earlier statements the nebula is probably associated with the cluster.     

Crowded field 3D spectroscopy

The quantitative spectroscopy of stellar objects in complex environments is mainly limited by the ability of separating the object from the background. Standard slit spectroscopy, restricting the field of view to one dimension, is obviously not the proper technique in general. The emerging Integral Field (3D) technique with spatially resolved spectra of a two‐dimensional field of view provides a great potential for applying advanced subtraction methods. In this paper an image reconstruction algorithm to separate point sources and a smooth background is applied to 3D data. Several performance tests demonstrate the photometric quality of the method. The algorithm is applied to real 3D observations of a sample Planetary Nebula in M31, whose spectrum is contaminated by the bright and complex galaxy background. The ability of separating sources is also studied in a crowded field in M33. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Optical Spectroscopy of Comet C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR) at the Guillermo Harro Astrophysical Observatory in Mexico

We present a preliminary analysis of medium resolution optical spectra of comet C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR) obtained on 22 November 2001. Theemission lines of the molecules C₂, C₃, CN, NH₂,H₂O⁺ and presumably CO (Asundi and triplet bands) and C₂ ^-were identified in these spectra. By analysing the brightnessdistributions of the C₂, C₃, CN emission lines along theslit of the spectrograph we determined some physical parameters of theseneutrals, such as their lifetimes and expansion velocities inthe coma. The Franck–Condon factors for the CO Asundi bands and C₂ ^- bands were calculated using a Morse potential model.     

Ethane ices in the outer Solar System: Spectroscopy and chemistry

We report recent experiments on ethane ices made at temperatures applicable to the outer Solar System. New near- and mid-infrared data for crystalline and amorphous ethane, including new spectra for a seldom-studied solid phase that exists at 35-55 K, are presented along with radiation-chemical experiments showing the formation of more-complex hydrocarbons.     

太阳射电频谱日像仪光纤传输技术分析与性能测试

分析了光纤传输系统的特性，及其对太阳射电频谱日像仪的影响。根据日像仪系统的传输性能要求，对四种光纤传输方案进行了综合比较，最终选择模拟光纤传输系统作为建设方案。在选定方案的基础上对相关设备的性能进行了测试，并针对设备测试与对卫星信号的现场实际相关接收测试结果进行分析，验证了拟定方案的可行性。最后，提出构建太阳射电频谱日像仪光纤传输系统需要进一步解决的问题和需深入探讨的内容．     

Spectroscopy of the W Virginis star V1 (K 307 ) in the globular cluster M12

High-resolution CCD spectra have been obtained for the first time for the W Virginis star V1 (K 307) in the globular cluster M12 and its closest neighbor K 307b (m _pg=14^m; the angular distance from the W Vir star is δ<1 arcsec). We determined the fundamental parameters (T _eff=5600 K, logg=1.3, and T _eff=4200 K, logg=1.0 for the W Vir star and the neighboring star, respectively) and their detailed chemical composition. The derived metallicities of the two stars ([Fe/H]=?1.27 and ?1.22 relative to the solar value) are in good agreement with the metallicities of other cluster members. Changed CNO abundances were found in the atmosphere of the W Vir star: a small carbon overabundance, [C/Fe]=+0.30 dex, and a large nitrogen overabundance, [N/Fe]=+1.15 dex, with oxygen being underabundant, [O/Fe]≈?0.2 dex. The C/O ratio is ≥1. Na and the α-process elements Mg, Al, Si, Ca, and Ti are variously enhanced with respect to iron. We found an enhanced abundance of s-process metals relative to iron: [X/Fe]=+0.34 for Y, Zr, and Ba. The overabundance of the heavier metals La, Ce, and Nd with respect to iron is larger: [X/Fe]=+0.49. The largest overabundance was found for the r-process element europium, [Eu/Fe]=+0.82. The spectrum of the W Vir star exhibits the Hα and Hβ absorption-emission profiles and the He I λ5876 Å emission line, which are traditionally interpreted as a result of shock passage in the atmosphere. However, the radial velocities determined from absorption and emission features are in conflict with the formation pattern of a strong shock. The high luminosity log L/L _⊙ = 2.98, the chemica peculiarities, and the spectral peculiarity are consistent with the post-AGB evolution in the instability strip. The pattern of relative elemental abundances [X/Fe]in the atmosphere of the neighboring star K 307b is solar. Statistically significant differences were found only for sodium and α-process elements: the mean overabundance of light metals is [X/Fe]=+0.35.     

Polarization Calibration of the Solar Optical Telescope onboard Hinode

The Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) onboard Hinode aims to obtain vector magnetic fields on the Sun through precise spectropolarimetry of solar spectral lines with a spatial resolution of 0.2 – 0.3 arcsec. A photometric accuracy of 10⁻³ is achieved and, after the polarization calibration, any artificial polarization from crosstalk among Stokes parameters is required to be suppressed below the level of the statistical noise over the SOT’s field of view. This goal was achieved by the highly optimized design of the SOT as a polarimeter, extensive analyses and testing of optical elements, and an end-to-end calibration test of the entire system. In this paper we review both the approach adopted to realize the high-precision polarimeter of the SOT and its final polarization characteristics.     

Optical Spectroscopy of Quasars Discovered by SRG/eROSITA with a 2.5-m Telescope at the Caucasus Mountain Observatory of SAI MSU

Astronomy Letters - Based on observations with the transient double-beam spectrograph (TDS) at the 2.5-m telescope of the Caucasus Mountain Observatory of SAI MSU, we have determined the redshifts...     

采用光学指向系统建立天马13m望远镜指向模型

描述了采用光学望远镜辅助天马13m射电望远镜进行指向测量以及建立指向误差修正模型的方法. 对于小口径望远镜, 指向校准目标源比较少, 用射电法建立指向模型难以覆盖全天区. 利用上海天文台天马13m射 电望远镜进行光学望远镜辅助射电望远镜指向测量研究, 在13m天线背架上安装一套光学指向系统, 获得了优 于3''的重复测量误差. 此外, 通过对影响天线指向因素的分析, 建立了包含8个误差项的指向误差修正模型以及 光轴和电轴偏差模型. 将指向模型代入天线伺服控制系统, 对校准目标射电源进行十字扫描, 得到指向样本残差约 为5''. 该研究可以为实现高精度指向建模提供一种参考方法.     

Studies of pre-main-sequence stars with integral field spectrographs

We review the contribution of integral field spectroscopy (IFS) to pre-main-sequence star studies. These studies are mostly synoptic in nature reflecting the use of this technique in addressing difficult and complex objects. Physical diagnostics were derived from IFS data such as (atomic, molecular) gas excitation and pre-shock densities, gas morphology and spectra from close binaries. Models for the sources are directly tested: shock models (planar, bow-shock) and magneto-hydrodynamics jet models.Future contributions to the field are addressed. Surveys of mass loss across age and mass spectrum and in the nearby Orion Nebula cluster emerge as the most scientifically promising.     

The GraF instrument for Imaging Spectroscopy with the Adaptive Optics

The GraF instrument using a Fabry-Perot interferometer cross-dispersed with a grating was one of the first integral-field and long-slit spectrographs built for and used with an adaptive optics system. We describe its concept, design, optimal observational procedures and the measured performances. The instrument was used in 1997–2001 at the ESO3.6 m telescope equipped with ADONIS adaptive optics and SHARPII+camera. The operating spectral range was 1.2–2.5 μm. We used the spectral resolution from 500 to 10 000 combined with the angular resolution of 0.1″–0.2″. The quality of GraF data is illustrated by the integral field spectroscopy of the complex0.9″ × 0.9″ central region of η Car in the1.7 μm spectral range at the limit of spectral and angular resolutions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Heiles星光偏振源表的距离更正

星光偏振是研究星际介质磁场的有力工具之一.Heiles源表收集了9286颗恒星的偏振信息,是目前最大的光学波段星光偏振源表,被广泛使用.但该表中恒星的距离参数是以前的测光距离,很不确定.把Heiles源表和Gaia第2次数据释放(DR2)源表进行交叉证认,以位置和星等作为判据,匹配了7613颗恒星,并获得了这些恒星的三角视差距离和误差,超过90%的恒星距离相对误差小于20%.基于新的距离,展示了星光偏振在银河系内的分布并讨论了可能的应用.     

A Revisit to the Optical Starlight Polarization Catalogue by Heiles: Distance Update

Starlight polarization serves one of the powerful tools to study magnetic fields in the Galactic interstellar medium. Heiles catalogue contains polarization information for 9286 stars, and is by far the biggest. This catalogue has been extensively used to study the magnetic fields. However, the distance parameters of the stars in this catalogue are from photometric observations, and very uncertain. We cross match Heiles catalogue with Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2), and identify 7613 stars using both angular separation and magnitude as constraints. We then obtain precise distances from Gaia DR2 for these stars. For more than 90% of the stars, the relative errors of the new distances are within 20%. Based on the new catalogue, we demonstrate how starlight polarization can probe Galactic magnetic fields.