两种跨声速气动弹性问题分析研究

在非结构运动网格基础上,采用中心有限体积法进行空间离散和双时间方法进行时间推进求解非定常欧拉方程.通过与气动力方程的联立求解,在时域内用四步龙格-库塔方法求解结构运动方程.分析和研究了二维嗡鸣和三维机翼颤振这两种跨声速非线性气动弹性问题.二维嗡鸣问题的研究考虑了翼面-舵面系统的缝隙间网格运动、缝隙对嗡鸣的影响和扰流片对嗡鸣的抑制.耦合多自由度Lagrange结构运动方程数值模拟了三维机翼的颤振问题.通过跨声速标模算例AGARD445.6机翼的颤振计算,计算的颤振临界速度与实验值有5%左右的误差,验证本方法的正确性.由于本方法是在对外形具有良好普适性的非结构动网格基础上完成的,具有良好的工程实践价值.     

基于黏性伴随方法的跨声速机翼气动优化设计

 进行了基于黏性伴随方法和Navier Stokes方程的跨声速机翼气动优化设计研究。分别推导了适用于三维跨声速机翼气动反设计和减阻设计的黏性伴随方程、边界条件和梯度求解表达式,并研究了伴随方程的数值求解方法。通过将网格生成、流场计算、黏性伴随方程数值求解、梯度求解和拟牛顿优化算法等几方面的有效结合,发展了一种跨声速机翼气动优化设计方法。为了提高计算效率,将多重网格方法应用到方程的数值求解中来加速收敛。跨声速机翼反设计和减阻设计算例验证了本文所发展的方法的正确性。采用本文的方法进行优化设计,一般通过20~30次迭代就能得到满意的结果。     

跨声速颤振计算方法研究

采用改进的弹簧近似方法,以ALE(Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian)描述的Euler方程为控制方程,耦合结构运动方程,计算了Isogai机翼模型的颤振边界。气动力求解采用双时间推进,外时间为物理时间,与结构运动方程同步;结构运动方程求解采用Rayleigh-Ritz方法,时间推进也采用双时间法,节省了大量计算时间。研究表明,计算结果与参考文献提供的结果吻合良好,证明了所提出的跨声速颤振计算方法的准确性。     

基于高阶谐波平衡的跨声速颤振高效预测方法

跨声速流场激波及其诱导的附面层分离等非线性因素导致跨声速颤振边界很难被准确预测,尤其是目前工程常用的偶极子格网法,在跨声速时该方法的预测精度大幅下降。在雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程流场求解器的框架内,利用结构模态建立广义结构运动方程,利用径向基函数建立模态振型的插值方法,结合径向基函数和无限插值两种网格变形方法的优点实现高效高鲁棒性网格变形方法,从而实现颤振时间推进分析流程,利用国际颤振标模AGARD445.6机翼验证程序在跨声速颤振边界预测中的可靠性。然而,时域方法在气动/结构反复迭代,需要耗费大量的计算资源和时间。为了提高颤振预测效率,基于高阶谐波平衡（HOHB）方法快速获得广义力影响系数矩阵,利用该矩阵建立频域模态位移和气动力之间的关系,实现高效颤振频域分析方法。通过二维翼型和三维机翼算例进行验证,结果表明：在不对计算精度产生明显影响的前提下,HOHB方法能够提高颤振预测效率约6倍。     

旋转机翼悬停气动特性研究

鸭式旋转机翼(CRW)是一种先进的高速直升机方案,旋翼同时也是机翼,是其最关键气动部件之一。采用结构分区拼接网格技术进行空间离散,分区建立参考系,通过求解多重参考系下的N-S方程来计算旋翼流场,首先以传统的Caradonna-Tung实验旋翼的亚、跨声速悬停流场分析为例验证该方法的可靠性,进而采用该方法对旋转机翼悬停流场进行了数值计算,旋翼拉力计算值和地面实验值吻合较好,结果分析表明旋转机翼的悬停流场有着不同于传统旋翼的流场特性。     

高阶精度格式WCNS-E-5在亚跨声速流动中的应用研究

采用高阶精度非线性紧致加权格式WCNS-E-5和Baldwin-Lomax模型,求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,开展了典型翼型与机翼的湍流流动数值模拟研究.对方程中粘性项采用的四阶精度差分近似以及网格导数求解与边界格式的四阶精度,保证了高精度算法的实现.计算结果表明:本文算法能够准确地模拟这些翼型与机翼的亚跨声速流场,得到与实验测量十分吻合的壁面压力分布,计算结果对网格的依赖性小.     

一种计及静气动弹性变形影响的跨声速机翼气动优化设计方法研究

耦合流场控制方程和结构静平衡方程求解得到大展弦比跨声速弹性机翼气动性能,分析研究了结构静弹性变形对气动载荷的影响.在此基础上以机翼典型剖面外形和机翼型架外形为设计变量进行了基于控制理论的跨声速弹性机翼气动优化设计方法研究,实现了在真实飞行条件下考虑静气动弹性变形影响的大展弦比跨声速弹性机翼一体化优化设计.优化设计算例结果表明所发展的方法是成功的,优化得到的弹性机翼在满足升力系数约束条件下提高了升阻比.     

机翼－机身－吊架－短舱的跨声速流计算

本文通过使用多块网格的嵌合体技术，计算了机翼－机身－吊架－短舱的跨声速流场。将机翼－机身－吊架－短舱流场分为机翼－机身和吊架－短舱两个子区域，根据嵌套网格结构建立机翼－机身－吊架－短舱的组合网格，分别对这两个子区域根据相应的边界条件独立求解，然后采用嵌合体技术传递两个子区域的干扰信息，通过两个流场的耦合迭代得到机翼－机身－吊架－短舱流场的计算结果，数值模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较，两者吻合较好。     

跨声速轴流风扇转子流场三维粘性数值分析

采用一种快速求解三维粘性流场的计算方法求解跨声速压气机风扇转子内部流场。该方法以ＬＵ型隐式格式和ＭＵＳＣＬ ＴＶＤ迎风格式为基础,结合壁面函数方法和简单的混合长度湍流模型,使用多重网格迭代加速收敛技术,对三维可压缩雷诺平均Ｎ－Ｓ方程进行求解。计算得到了ＮＡＳＡ Ｌｅｗｉｓ ６７跨声速、低展弦比轴流风扇转子的性能曲线,并重点分析了最高效率点工况和近失速工况下的内部流场。计算与实验结果的对比表明,此方     

机翼—机身—吊架—短舱的跨声速流计算

本文通过使用多块网格的嵌合全技术，计算了机翼－机身－吊架－短舱的跨声速流场。将机翼－机身－吊架－短舱流场分为机翼机－机身和吊架－短舱两个子区域，根据嵌套网格结构建立机翼－机身－吊架－短舱的组合网格，分别对这两个子区域根据相应的边界条件独立求解，然后采用嵌合体技术传递两个子区域的干扰信息，通过两个流场的耦合迭代得到机翼－机身－吊架－短舱流场的计算结果，数值模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较，两者吻合较好。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.