试析He-Ne激光沿经络自动照射仪的应用

本文介绍He-Ne激光沿经络自动照射仪的结构、特点,分析了激光与组织相互作用的物理效应和生物效应,提出了该仪器在针灸临床中的应用。     

半导体激光在临床上的应用

半导体激光以独特的性能优势及临床特征,在临床上的应用越来越广泛。在对病灶进行照射治疗时能产生"光封闭"效应,作用快速,彻底。对于创面感染,溃疡等具有促进愈合,快速修复之功能,对皮肤病的照射治疗,有良好的疗效,对于大多数慢性疼痛,结合经络穴位的照射,能取得满意的疗效。     

氦氖激光照射耳穴治疗冠心病30例

笔者采用氦氖激光照射耳穴治疗冠心病患者，疗效满意，现报告如下。     

弱激光血液照射的治疗机理

弱激光照射血液时，可被细胞膜上的光受体及细胞内血红蛋白所接受．导致一系列有利于机体的生化反应，产生一系列的治疗效果。     

氦氖激光照射治疗术后切口液化感染的效果

目的 观察氦氖激光照射辅助治疗切口液化、感染的效果。方法术后切口感染12例，液化45例，分为两组（常规组和观察组），均接受常规治疗，观察组同时给氦氖激光照射治疗，每日2次，两组均观察10d。结果切口愈合率观察组明显高于常规组。结论氦氖激光治疗可提高切口液化感染的治愈率。     

弱激光血液照射的治疗机理（二）

弱激光照射血液时．可被细胞膜上的光受体及细胞内血红蛋白所接受，导致一系列有利于机体的生化反应．产生一系列的治疗效果。     

半导体激光照射预防和缓解牙髓炎急性反应

目的观察半导体激光照射预防及缓解根管治疗急性反应（endodontic interappointment EIAE）的效果。方法选取需进行根管治疗的患有牙髓炎及根尖周炎的牙病患者304例，随机分为2组，在进行根管预备及樟脑酚棉捻开放后，其中1组（155例）应用半导体激光在牙体外辐射根尖区，另1组不作处置，24h后观察记录患者主观症状和体征，比较2组根管治疗急性反应发生率。另选取根管充填后发生急性反应的牙病患者175例，随机分为2组，1组（96例）应用半导体激光在牙体外辐射根尖区；另1组（79例）给予口服甲硝唑及先锋Ⅳ，24h后观察记录患者主观症状和体征，比较2组缓解根管治疗急性反应效果。结果304例牙病患者中，应用半导体激光照射组的急性反应发生率为4．52％，未照射组为10．74％，2组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；175例根管填充后发生急性反应的患者中，半导体激光照射组的EIAE缓解效果明显好于药物治疗组，2组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论半导体激光照射可有效预防和缓解根管治疗急性反应。     

双针激光针炙仪在威海通过鉴定

山东戚海医疗器械厂把激光技术和中医学中的经络穴位理论相结合而研制成JG～10型双针激光针灸仪。该仪器将氦氖激光经技术处理后,引入极细的光导纤维申,并通过刺入人体内的专用的空心针灸针,使激光束射入人体内不同深度的穴位和病变部位:当需照射体表时,可将光导纤维插入特制的玻璃管内,使激光束能方便地照射任何部位,起到疏通经络、消炎镇痛、扩张血管、增强新陈代谢、     

激光医学及其发展史

激光是一种非自然光，又称受激辐射光，是20世纪继原子能、计算机、半导体之后，人类的又一重大发明。激光分强激光和弱激光、强激光主要用于工业科研，军事、医疗等领域，弱激光主要用于通讯、医疗等领域，弱激光血液照射疗法由前苏联学者80年代末研究应用于临床，并在治疗缺血性心脏病、脑血管病等方面获得了广泛的应用，取得了良好疗效。弱激光血液照射疗法可以清除自由基，改善血液流变学指标，活血抗凝作用，调节免疫，内分泌等。     

He-Ne激光加推拿综合治疗肩周炎

Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光加推拿综合治疗肩周炎江苏连云港碱厂职工医院蒋宪舜肩关节周围炎是中老年人一种常见病。近年来本人对６０例肩周炎患者按中医经络理论进行辨证分型，采用Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光穴位照射加推拿疗法，取得了满意效果，现报告如下。１一般资料６０例中，男性３４例，...     

Factors associated with medical care-seeking due to low-back pain in scaffolders

BACKGROUND: Few studies have demonstrated the consequences of having back pain and the mechanisms underlying decisions to seek medical care. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of back pain and other musculoskeletal complaints and to identify factors that determine specific type of care-seeking due to back pain among scaffolders. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 323 scaffolders. A questionnaire was used to collect data on musculoskeletal complaints and type of medical care sought. Logistic regression analysis was performed to study the risk factors for care-seeking for LBP, estimating Prevalence Ratios (PR) as a measure of association. RESULTS: The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints was high. Severe back pain was reported by 28% of the scaffolders, LBP with sciatic pain by 23%, with sickness absence by 21%, with disability by 21%, and chronic back pain by 14%. Back pain was often accompanied by complaints of neck, shoulder, or knee. A general practitioner was sought by 44% of the workers with LBP, a physiotherapist by 22%, an occupational physician by 20%, and a specialist by 11%. The nature and severity of back pain seemed to determine the decision to visit the GP. Irradiating pain and sickness absence were the strongest predictors for seeking medical care and being referred to a specialist or physiotherapist. CONCLUSION: The particular definition of back pain and the selection process of workers with LBP may partly determine the findings on work-related risk factors and health care utilization.     

Surveillance on self-report: a trial of health and safety monitoring in occupational settings

A method for monitoring health and safety in the workplace, referred to as 'surveillance on self-report', is presented. This occupational health and safety monitoring method consists of a collection of data on certain aspects of health and safety obtained by dispensing self-administered questionnaires to employees or managers and supervisors in workplaces, and administering regular feedback on the responses. Based on the responses, a continual monitoring and improvement on certain aspects of health and safety were possible in two workplaces in New Zealand. This study has shown a methodology for the surveillance of hazard control and monitoring, injuries and illnesses, and organizational policies in occupational settings.     

The social consequences of occupational injuries and illnesses

BACKGROUND: Most outcome studies of occupational injuries and illnesses have tended to focus on direct economic costs and duration of work disability. Rarely have the broader social consequences of work-related disorders or their impacts on injured workers' families, coworkers, and community been investigated. This paper examines a wide range of social consequences including workers' psychological and behavioral responses, vocational function, and family and community relationships. METHODS: Literature review and development of conceptual framework. RESULTS: Complex and multifactorial relationships are described whereby occupational injuries and illnesses produce a variety of social consequences involving filing and administration of workers' compensation insurance claims, medical care experiences, domestic function and activities of daily living, psychological and behavioral responses, stress, vocational function, rehabilitation and return to work, and equity and social justice. CONCLUSION: A research agenda is proposed for guiding future investigations in this field.     

重视新生儿临床用药研究

新生儿是特殊的儿童群体,其药代动力学和药效学与年长儿和成年人有显著差异,既往将年长儿或成年人用药经验用于新生儿群体疾病治疗,曾造成严重后果。由于新生儿药物临床试验存在费用高、风险大、伦理学问题及受试者招募困难等问题,新生儿临床用药研究仍亟待加强。目前各国已制定相应的法律、法规推动和规范儿童药物试验,新的研究技术和方法也不断应用于新生儿临床药物研究,新生儿科医师、临床药师及其他科研工作者有必要通力合作加大新生儿用药研究,确保新生儿用药的安全性和有效性。     

Innovative technology for web-based data management during an outbreak

Lack of automated and integrated data collection and management, and poor linkage of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data during an outbreak can inhibit effective and timely outbreak investigation and response. This paper describes an innovative web-based technology, referred to as Web Data, developed for the rapid set-up and provision of interactive and adaptive data management during outbreak situations. We also describe the benefits and limitations of the Web Data technology identified through a questionnaire that was developed to evaluate the use of Web Data implementation and application during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic by Winnipeg Regional Health Authority and Provincial Laboratory for Public Health of Alberta. Some of the main benefits include: improved and secure data access, increased efficiency and reduced error, enhanced electronic collection and transfer of data, rapid creation and modification of the database, conversion of specimen-level to case-level data, and user-defined data extraction and query capabilities. Areas requiring improvement include: better understanding of privacy policies, increased capability for data sharing and linkages between jurisdictions to alleviate data entry duplication.     

Organizational practices, work demands and the well-being of employees: a follow-up study in the metal industry and retail trade

BACKGROUND: Rapid technological change and increased international competition have changed working life and work organizations. These changes may not be considered when researching employee work ability and well-being. AIM: This study investigates the impact of organizational practices, work demands and individual factors on work ability, organizational commitment and mental well-being of employees in the metal industry and retail trade. METHOD: A follow-up study was conducted to examine these connections among 1389 employees (mean age 42 years at baseline) in 91 organizations. The first survey was conducted in 1998 and was repeated in 2000. RESULTS: Changes in organizational practices and the demands of work were strongly associated with changes in employee well-being. Work ability, organizational commitment and the mental well-being of employees were increased most if the opportunities for development and influence and the promotion of employee well-being were increased and if the supervisory support and organization of work were improved. Well-being also improved with less uncertainty at work and with decreasing mental and physical work demands. In addition physical exercise and affluence also had favourable effects. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm that several features of organizational practices are strongly associated with employees' well-being. Organizational development is an important method of improving employees' work ability, commitment and well-being.     

Workshop report: Nucleic acid delivery devices for HIV vaccines: Workshop proceedings,National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,Bethesda, Maryland,USA, May 21, 2015

On May 21st, 2015, the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened a workshop on delivery devices for nucleic acid (NA) as vaccines in order to review the landscape of past and future technologies for administering NA (e.g., DNA, RNA, etc.) as antigen into target tissues of animal models and humans. Its focus was on current and future applications for preventing and treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) disease, among other infectious-disease priorities. Meeting participants presented the results and experience of representative clinical trials of NA vaccines using a variety of alternative delivery devices, as well as a broader group of methods studied in animal models and at bench top, to improve upon the performance and/or avoid the drawbacks of conventional needle-syringe (N–S) delivery. The subjects described and discussed included (1) delivery targeted into oral, cutaneous/intradermal, nasal, upper and lower respiratory, and intramuscular tissues; (2) devices and techniques for jet injection, solid, hollow, and dissolving microneedles, patches for topical passive diffusion or iontophoresis, electroporation, thermal microporation, nasal sprayers, aerosol upper-respiratory and pulmonary inhalation, stratum-corneum ablation by ultrasound, chemicals, and mechanical abrasion, and kinetic/ballistic delivery; (3) antigens, adjuvants, and carriers such as DNA, messenger RNA, synthesized plasmids, chemokines, wet and dry aerosols, and pollen-grain and microparticle vectors; and (4) the clinical experience and humoral, cellular, and cytokine immune responses observed for many of these target tissues, technologies, constructs, and carriers. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop (https://web.archive.org/web/20160228112310/https://www.blsmeetings.net/NucleicAcidDeliveryDevices/), which was webcast live in its entirety and archived online (http://videocast.nih.gov/summary.asp?live=16059).     

深圳市一般妇女生殖道感染状况及其影响因素分析

目的:了解深圳市妇女生殖道感染(RTI)流行情况,分析其中全市一般人群(一般人群)与罗湖区受检人群(罗湖区人群)RTI流行情况及其影响因素,寻求普通人群RTI的防治办法。方法:通过问卷调查生物学特征及其他相关情况;妇科检查阴道、宫颈情况,取相应分泌物及抽取静脉血分别进行相关病原体实验室检查;用SPSS10.0软件进行统计描述和判断。结果:①深圳市一般人群RTI感染率(25.5%)与我国其他地区研究结果一致,而罗湖区人群RTI感染率(17.6%)则明显低于全市水平;②宫颈感染的危险因素为年龄≤25岁、未婚、近3个月有新性伴及没有使用避孕套,阴道感染中滴虫感染的危险因素为年龄≤25岁、初次性生活年龄<18岁、未婚,高中以上文化程度者患细菌性阴道病和念珠菌性阴道炎的可能性较小;③罗湖区人群对部分RTI症状的认知程度明显高于一般人群。结论:加强对RTI、AIDS防治的健康教育工作,在各个不同层面开展多种形式的RTI、AIDS防治知识教育是提高一般人群对RTI、AIDS认识,减少疾病发生和传播的重要因素;积极开展生殖健康普查、普治工作,尽早发现无症状RTI病人并进行规范治疗,是阻断疾病发展、传播,减少并发症发生和HIV感染机会的重要环节。     

Overweight and obesity among Kuwait Oil Company employees: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are considered major risk factors for many diseases, and their prevalence is known to be high in Kuwait from previous studies. AIM: To assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity and related risk factors among Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) employees. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of full-time KOC employees was carried out using a structured questionnaire that was completed during periodic medical examinations. The questionnaire included demographic details, frequency and duration of physical activity, history of chronic diseases and medication. All participants were counselled and examined. Blood pressure, body mass index and fasting glucose were recorded. RESULTS: Some 3282 out of 3900 employees completed the study; 85% of participants were male, 62%were field workers and 38%were office workers. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among KOC employees was 75%. Males showed a higher level of overweight and obesity (79%) than females (56%). Field workers had a higher level of overweight and obesity (78%) and higher inactivity (65%) than office workers (72% and 56%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Overweight and obesity, together with inactivity, are highly prevalent among KOC employees, and more so among field workers than office workers. Encouraging an active lifestyle, healthy eating habits and weight control programmes are all possible interventions to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity.