读者园地

问:NaF-SnCl_2还原磷钼蓝光度法(以下简称为NaF-SnCl_2光度法)测定钢铁中磷的方法有何优缺点? 答 :测定时 ,钢铁试样经溶解并氧化使磷生成正磷酸后 ,在酸度大于 0 .8ｍｏｌ·Ｌ- 1(ＨＮＯ3 )的热溶液中迅速加入钼酸铵溶液(相当于 0 .2 5ｇ)使生成磷钼杂多酸 ,随即在热溶液中加入ＮａＦ ＳｎＣｌ2 溶液使杂多酸还原为钼蓝并进行光度测定。氟化钠的加入是为了避免铁 (Ⅲ )的干扰和抑制硝酸的电离。该方法的优点是 :①操作简单快速 ,能满足炉前分析的要求 ;②氟化钠的加入 ,不仅可避免铁 (Ⅲ )的干扰 ,而且可避免铌 (ｗ =1% )、钛 (ｗ…     

读者园地

问 :怎样使磷成为正磷酸ＰＯ3- 4形式存在于溶液中 ?贵州读者———刘宇　　　　答 :光度法测定磷时 ,溶液中磷必须以正磷酸根状态存在 ,才能与钼酸盐形成磷钼杂多酸 ,因此 ,处理试样时除应避免形成ＰＨ3 气体外 ,有机磷化物必须破坏 ,低价磷化物须进一步氧化 ,聚磷酸盐须解聚。在以稀硝酸或硫 硝混合酸分解试样时 ,均需补加适量的氧化剂如高锰酸钾、过硫酸铵等。例如 ,测定碳钢及低合金钢中的磷时 ,称取试样 0 .10 0 ｇ ,加硝酸 (1+3) 10ｍｌ,加热溶解 ,煮沸 ,滴加 30ｇ·Ｌ- 1高锰酸钾溶液氧化 ,微沸约 30ｓ ,滴加 30 ｇ·Ｌ- 1亚硝酸钠…     

光度法测定含钡铁合金中磷

含钡铁合金如硅钡、硅铝钡、硅钙钡等均为新型铁合金 ,其在冶金行业中的应用正越来越广泛 ,但无相应国家标准分析方法。本法采用硝酸 ,氢氟酸溶解样品 ,高氯酸冒烟赶尽氟化物。采用铋盐存在下抗坏血酸还原磷钼蓝光度法测磷含量[1] 。本法分析周期短 ,准确度高 ,完全可满足分析要求。1　试验部分1.1　主要仪器与试剂72 1型分光光度计磷标准溶液 :5 μｇ·ｍｌ-1硝酸铋溶液 :5ｇ·Ｌ-1,硝酸 (1+3)介质。1.2　试验方法称取纯铁 0 .15ｇ ,氯化钡 0 .3ｇ于 30 0ｍｌ聚四氟乙烯烧杯中 ,加浓硝酸 10ｍｌ ,氢氟酸 2ｍｌ ,高氯酸2ｍｌ,置电热板上蒸至…     

国标过硫酸铵氧化滴定法测钢铁及合金中铬改进的建议

长期以来 ,有经验的化验人员一直认为过硫酸铵氧化容量法测钢铁及合金中铬 ,加盐酸 (1+ 3)后的煮沸时间要加以控制 ,以免氧化后的Ｃｒ(Ⅵ )还原为Ｃｒ(Ⅲ ) ,且结果的稳定性不是很好。经研究发现 ,适当控制盐酸 (1+ 3)的加入量 ,不仅盐酸 (1+ 3)加入后的煮沸时间不需加以控制 ,而且结果准确度及稳定性都有很大提高。1　试验部分1.1　试剂与仪器硫酸 磷酸混合酸 :于 60 0ｍｌ水中加硫酸 32 0ｍｌ,磷酸 80ｍｌ ,混匀。硝酸银溶液 :10ｇ·Ｌ- 1,称取硝酸银 1.0ｇ溶于10 0ｍｌ水中 ,滴加数滴硝酸 ,储于棕色瓶中。苯代邻氨基苯甲酸溶液 :2ｇ·Ｌ…     

微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法分析铁基粉末合金

采用微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定铁基粉末合金中的钙、钴、铬、铜、钼、钒及钨7种元素。试样用硝酸3mL和硫酸-磷酸-水(1+2+7)混合酸6mL溶解,于微波消解仪的密闭容器中,在功率800W及压力0.6MPa的条件下消解铁基粉末合金。试验选择各元素的分析线为317.993nm(钙),228.616nm(钴),205.552nm(铬),324.754nm(铜),204.598nm(钼),311.071nm(钒)及207.911nm(钨),配制工作曲线时采用基体匹配的方法消除基体干扰。为验证此方法的准确性,由3家分析实验室对3个样品用不同分析方法进行对比分析,结果表明:此方法的测定值与其他实验室的分析结果相一致。     

磷钼钒杂多酸光度法测定钒

磷钼钒杂多酸早已用于磷的光度分析,其它应用尚未见报道。本文提出利用磷钼钒杂多酸光度测定高速钢中常量的钒,共存元素中铬、钴的影响以试样空白扣除,钨的负干扰可采用经验系数补正,样中1％Si和1％Nb不干扰测定。方法简便、快速、准确。本文还提出了在一定条件下形成磷钼钒酸、磷钨钒酸和磷钨钼酸的经验规律。 1 试剂与仪器 钼酸铵溶液:53g·L~(-1) 盐磷混酸:1.19g·ml~(-1)盐酸+1.74g·ml~(-1)磷酸=3+2 钒标准溶液:0.900mg·ml~(-1)(里偏钒酸铵配制并以滴定法标定) 721型分光光度计 2 分析方法称取试样0.1000g于200ml锥形瓶中(同时称一份不含钒的钢样作试剂空白A_0),加盐磷混酸1.5ml,硫酸(1+1)8ml,加热溶解,滴加浓硝酸助溶,继续加热     

原子吸收分光光度法测定高纯钴粉中痕量铁镍

制定了火焰原子吸收测定作为钨合金的原料高纯钴粉中痕量铁、镍的方法。试样用硝酸(1+1)溶解后不加干扰抑制剂,而采用标准加入法消除钴基体的干扰。方法具有引入试剂少、操作简便等特点,精密度、准确度均好。仪器与试剂 PE ICP/5500型原子吸收光谱仪;铁、镍空心阴极灯。仪器工作条件列于表1。硝酸(优级纯);铁标准储存溶液:称取1.0000g金属铁(99.99％),溶于50mL硝酸(1+1)中,用水定容至1000mL,此溶液含1mg/mL铁;镍标准储存     

锆英石中微量五氧化二磷的测定——萃取钼蓝光度法

正戊醇萃取磷钒钼黄杂多酸光度测定矿石中微量磷为常用方法。但此法灵敏度有限,测定毫克量试样中低量磷仍有困难。本文将正戊醇萃取的有机相,以氯化亚锡和抗坏血酸使磷钒钼黄杂多酸还原为钼蓝,此时较不加还原剂的方法灵敏度提高约一个数量级。方法简便、精密度好,适用于锆英石及其它单矿物中磷的测定。试剂配制磷标准溶液:按常法配制成1毫升含10微克五氧化二磷的溶液;钒酸铵-钼酸铵显色剂:500毫升8%钼酸铵溶液与500毫升中含1克钒酸铵和200毫升除氧化亚氮的硝酸混合;氯化亚锡溶液:45克氯化亚锡溶于67毫升盐酸中,以水稀释至100毫     

吸光光度法测定加氢催化剂中钼含量

加氢催化剂在我国炼油工业中一直起着十分重要的作用。钼是加氢催化剂的活性组分 ,建立催化剂中钼含量的准确简便的分析方法 ,对指导工业生产有一定意义。吸光光度法测定钼是比较常见方法 ,广泛用于测定矿石、钢铁中钼 ,而对催化剂中钼的测定报道较少。本法将试样用硫酸溶解 ,在硫脲存在下 ,六价钼被还原为五价钼 ,五价钼与硫氰酸钾生成棕红色络合物 ,经比色测定 ,可直接测定催化剂中钼含量。1　试验部分1.1　仪器与试剂72 1Ｂ型分光光度计 (上海第三分析仪器厂 )钼标准储备液 :1ｇ·Ｌ- 1,称取经 10 5 110℃干燥2ｈ的三氧化钼 1.5 0 0 ｇ ,…     

硅钼蓝光度法测定五氧化二钒中微量硅

采用氢氧化钠对试样进行前处理 ,在硝酸 0 .0 8～ 0 .4 0ｍｏｌ·Ｌ- 1酸度下 ,硅与钼酸铵形成硅钼酸络离子 ,在硫酸 0 .8～ 1.6ｍｏｌ·Ｌ- 1酸度下 ,被还原生成硅钼蓝 ,借此进行光度测定[1] ,硅量在 10～ 10 0 μｇ/5 0ｍｌ范围内遵守比耳定律。1　试验部分1.1　仪器与试剂72 2光栅分光光度计硅标准溶液 :10 μｇ·ｍｌ- 1五氧化二钒标准溶液 :2 .5ｍｇ·ｍｌ- 1,称取五氧化二钒 (99.99%) 0 .2 5 0 0 ｇ置于 30 0ｍｌ聚四氟乙烯烧杯中 ,加入 10 0ｇ·Ｌ- 1ＮａＯＨ溶液 10ｍｌ,低温加热溶解 ,取下 ,加入数滴酚酞 ,用ＨＮＯ3 (1+ 1)调至无…     

Furyl- and thienyl-silatranes and germatranes

We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992.     

Review and patents and literature

The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed.     

Ground- and excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity in benzene and cyclobutadiene

The aromaticity and antiaromaticity of the ground state (S 0), lowest triplet state (T 1), and first singlet excited state (S 1) of benzene, and the ground states (S 0), lowest triplet states (T 1), and the first and second singlet excited states (S 1 and S 2) of square and rectangular cyclobutadiene are assessed using various magnetic criteria including nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), proton shieldings, and magnetic susceptibilities calculated using complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wave functions constructed from gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs). These magnetic criteria strongly suggest that, in contrast to the well-known aromaticity of the S 0 state of benzene, the T 1 and S 1 states of this molecule are antiaromatic. In square cyclobutadiene, which is shown to be considerably more antiaromatic than rectangular cyclobutadiene, the magnetic properties of the T 1 and S 1 states allow these to be classified as aromatic. According to the computed magnetic criteria, the T 1 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is still aromatic, but the S 1 state is antiaromatic, just as the S 2 state of square cyclobutadiene; the S 2 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is nonaromatic. The results demonstrate that the well-known "triplet aromaticity" of cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons represents a particular case of a broader concept of excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity. It is shown that while electronic excitation may lead to increased nuclear shieldings in certain low-lying electronic states, in general its main effect can be expected to be nuclear deshielding, which can be substantial for heavier nuclei.     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Syntheses and structures of P-anilino-P-chalcogeno- and P-anilino-P-iminodiazasilaphosphetidines and their group 12 and 13 metal compounds

The P-anilino-P-chalcogeno(imino)diazasilaphosphetidines [Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NHPh)] (E = O (3), S (4), Se (5), N-p-tolyl (6)) were synthesized by oxidizing the P-anilinodiazasilaphosphetidine [Me(2)Si(N(t)Bu)(2)P(NHPh)] (2) with cumene hydroperoxide, sulfur, selenium, and p-tolyl azide, respectively. The lithium salt of 4 reacted with thallium monochloride to produce ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=S(NPh)-kappaN-kappaS]Tl)(7), which features a two-coordinate thallium atom. Treatment of 4-6 with AlMe(3) gave the monoligand dimethylaluminum complexes ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NPh)-kappaN-kappaE]AlMe(2)) (E = S (8), Se (9), N-p-tolyl (10)), respectively. In these complexes the aluminum atom is tetrahedrally coordinated by one chelating ligand and two methyl groups, as a single-crystal X-ray analysis of 8 showed. A 2 equiv amount of 4-6 reacted with diethylzinc to produce the homoleptic diligand complexes ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NPh)-kappaN-kappaE](2)Zn)(E = S (11), Se (12), N-p-tolyl (13)). A crystal-structure analysis of 11 revealed a linear tetraspirocycle with a tetrahedrally coordinated, central zinc atom.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...