婴幼儿体外循环心脏手术中奥美拉唑对胃肠道保护作用的临床观察

目的探讨奥美拉唑对婴幼儿体外循环（CPB）心脏手术中胃肠道的保护作用。方法45例在CPB下行先心病手术患儿,（年龄≤3岁）随机分为3组:实验A组在CPB预充液中即给予奥美拉唑10 mg,实验B组于CPB结束时给予奥美拉唑10 mg,对照组注入等量生理盐水。3组均于术前、CPB 30 m in、CPB结束后、术后4 h、24 h进行胃液常规检查,并采集血液标本,ELISA法测定血清促胃液素。结果与CPB前比较:A组胃液pH于CPB结束后有明显升高,B组胃液pH于术后4 h有明显升高,C组胃液pH变化不明显。A、B、C 3组胃液红细胞计数及血清促胃液素与本组CPB前相比均有明显上升。与对照组（C组）相比:A组胃液pH于CPB结束后各时间点较对照组明显上升,而胃液红细胞计数则有明显下降,血清促胃液素于CPB 3 m in后较对照组有明显降低。B组胃液pH于术后4、24 h较对照组有明显升高,同时间点胃液红细胞计数与促胃液素则有明显降低。结论在CPB心脏手术中预充液中即加入奥美拉唑对胃肠道有明显的保护作用。     

强化胰岛素治疗对体外循环炎症反应的影响

目的探讨强化胰岛素治疗对体外循环(CPB)下心脏瓣膜置换术炎性反应的影响。方法 30例CPB下行心脏瓣膜置换术患者随机分为强化胰岛素组(强化组,n=15)和对照组(n=15)。强化组术中血糖控制在3.9~10.0 mmol/L,术后控制在4.4~8.3 mmol/L;对照组血糖11.1 mmol/L时给予胰岛素治疗。分别于麻醉诱导后(T0)、CPB开始(T1)、CPB结束即刻(T2)、6 h(T3)、24 h(T4)和48 h(T5)时点测定血浆白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤细胞坏死因子(TNF)-α浓度,并记录术后临床情况。结果两组TNF-α、IL-6浓度在T2、T3、T4时点均明显高于T0时点(P0.05);在T2、T3、T4时点,强化组TNF-α、IL-6浓度明显低于对照组(P0.05);强化组呼吸机支持时间明显短于对照组(P0.05)。结论强化胰岛素治疗能降低TNF-α、IL-6浓度表达,缩短呼吸机支持时间,减弱CPB引起的炎性反应。     

强化胰岛素治疗对儿童体外循环心脏手术炎症介质的影响

目的探讨强化胰岛素治疗对儿童体外循环（CPB）心脏手术炎症介质的影响,及其减轻CPB术后全身炎症反应的机制。方法20例CPB下心脏手术儿童随机分为常规治疗组（RT组,n=10）和强化胰岛素治疗组（IT组,n=10）。IT组患儿术中血糖控制在4.410.0 mmol/L（7001 800 mg/L）,术后控制在4.48.3 mmol/L（7001 500 mg/L）;RT组患者血糖变化不作处理。分别于术前、麻醉诱导、CPB开始后及CPB结束0,4,12,24和48 h测定两组患儿的血浆胰岛素、白介素-1β（IL-1β）、白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-10（IL-10）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平。建立CPB前和CPB结束时在右心耳切口缘取心肌,W estern b lot测定心肌胰岛素受体（InsR）、核转录因子κB（NF-κBp65）表达。结果两组胰岛素水平在CPB开始后上升,于CPB结束时达高峰,随后下降;IT组胰岛素水平从CPB后显著高于RT组（P<0.05,P<0.01）。两组TNF-α和IL-1β、IL-6水平在CPB开始后上升,CPB后3 h达高峰,随后下降;IT组TNF-α和IL-1β、IL-6水平从CPB后开始显著低于RT组（P<0.05,P<0.01）。两组IL-10水平在CPB结束时上升,于CPB 12 h达高峰,随后下降;两组IL-10水平无显著性差异（P>0.05）。CPB后两组InsR表达与CPB前相比均显著增加（P<0.05）,强化胰岛素治疗CPB后InsR表达较RT显著增加（P<0.05）。两组CPB后NF-κBp65表达与未干预组相比均显著增加（P<0.05）;但CPB后两组间NF-κBp65表达无显著差异。结论强化胰岛素治疗上调胰岛素受体的表达,改善胰岛素抵抗状态,减弱TNF-α和IL-1β、IL-6的表达,起到调节全身炎症反应的作用。     

成人心脏瓣膜术后低蛋白血症的危险因素分析

目的 探讨成人体外循环(CPB)心脏瓣膜术后低蛋白血症的围术期危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2018年7月至2020年10月于川北医学院附属医院心脏大血管外科行CPB心脏瓣膜手术的173例患者的临床资料,比较术前、术后血清前白蛋白(PA)水平.按照术后48 h内的最低血清PA水平分为低蛋白血症组(<150 mg/L)和非低...     

体外循环中离心泵和滚压泵致溶血程度的比较

40例行瓣膜置换手术的患者随机分为两组,在体外循环（CPB）手术时分别应用离心泵和滚压泵作为主泵.在CPB开始前、结束时、结束后1h和4h检测血浆游离血红蛋白（FHb）浓度.结果显示在CPB结束时、结束后1h和4h离心泵组FHb浓度均低于滚压泵组.表明CPB中使用离心泵较滚压泵可以减少溶血的发生.     

埃索美拉唑对体外循环心脏手术应激性溃疡保护作用的临床观察

目的:探讨埃索美拉唑对体外循环(CPB)心脏手术应激性溃疡的保护作用。方法:208例在体外循环下行瓣膜成形术和/或瓣膜置换术的心脏瓣膜病及需行冠状动脉搭桥(CABG)术的冠心病患者及需行心脏矫治术的先天性心脏病(先心病)患者,随机分为2组,对照组96例给予常规治疗,埃索美拉唑组112例,术前给予口服埃索美拉唑片40 mg/d,1 w;术中静注埃索美拉唑注射液40 mg,1次/d;术后静注埃索美拉唑注射液40 mg/d,3 d;分别于术前测大便OB试验1次,术后4h、术后第1天、术后第2天测胃黏膜pH值(pHi)。结果:埃索美拉唑组手术后4 h、术后第1天术后第2天测胃黏膜pH值(pHi)分别为6.01±0.64,6.32±0.59及6.58±0.39,而对照组手术后4 h、术后第1天、术后第2天测胃黏膜pH值(pHi)分别为3.21±0.22,3.67±0.34及3.43±0.41,与对照组比较,埃索美拉唑组pHi值明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:埃索美拉唑可预防CPB心脏手术应激性溃疡。     

心内直视手术对先天性心脏病与风湿性心脏病患者脑组织损伤的对比研究

目的 :观察和比较接受心内直视手术的先天性心脏病 (CHD)与风湿性心脏病 (RHD)患者围手术期血浆中神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (neuron specificenolase ,NSE)与星状细胞胶质蛋白S 10 0b (pro teinS 10 0b)的含量及脑电图 (EEG)的变化 ,探讨心内直视手术对不同疾病患者脑损伤的差异。方法 :选择心内直视手术患者 4 0例 ,分为CHD组 (A组 ,n =2 0 ) ,RHD组 (B组 ,n =2 0 )。 2组均在浅低温体外循环 (CPB)心脏不停跳下施行手术。所有患者均在术前、CPB开始后 2 0min、CPB结束后 1h和CPB后 2 4h采取血样本 ,用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)测定血浆中NSE和S 10 0b蛋白含量。结合患者术前与术后 7d的脑电图检查 ,比较患者术后脑组织损伤的程度。结果 :CPB开始 2 0min 2组患者血浆中S 10 0b均明显升高 ,而且一直持续到CPB后 2 4h仍高于术前水平 (P <0 .0 1) ;CHD患者S 10 0b升高程度较RHD患者明显。血浆NSE水平在CPB开始后 2 0minCHD组明显升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,一直持续至CPB结束后 1h达到最高点 ,以后NSE浓度逐渐下降 ,至CPB后 2 4h已接近术前水平 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;RHD患者在CPB开始后 2 0minNSE升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,在CPB结束后 1h明显高于术前 ,一直持续到CPB后 2 4h仍较术前高(P <0 0 1)。术后 2组患者EEG的异常率无明显差     

综合超滤技术用于心脏瓣膜手术中肾功能保护的临床观察

目的通过对比心脏瓣膜手术体外循环(CPB)期间全程使用血液浓缩器实施血液超滤,探讨综合超滤技术对于减轻肾功能损害的可能性。方法选取40例首次择期瓣膜置换或成形手术患者,实验组在CPB开始阻断升主动脉,血流动力学平稳后即开始使用血液浓缩器进行常规超滤和平衡超滤。对照组不使用血液浓缩器进行超滤。分别于CPB前(T1),CPB 1h(T2)、CPB结束后5min(T3)、2h(T4)、12h(T5)和24h(T6)取血样,检测围术期血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCr)、术后24h内生肌酐清除率(CCr)血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)浓度,检测尿液中n-乙酰-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)活性。结果实验组血清BUN和SCr在T3、T4及T5时间点显著低于对照组(P<0.05);尿NAG活性在T4及T5时间点显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组血液中炎性介质浓度在T3、T4及T5时间点显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 CPB期间全程超滤对于改善心脏瓣膜手术患者术后肾功能恢复具有保护作用。     

Lipo-PGE1对心脏瓣膜置换术围体外循环期血小板功能的影响

目的 探讨前列腺素E1脂微球载体制剂(Lipo-PGE1)对围体外循环(CPB)期血小板功能的影响.方法 选择20例择期CPB下行心脏瓣膜置换术的患者,随机分为两组.观察组于麻醉诱导后至CPB结束匀速泵入Lipo-PGE1,速度为10 ng/(kg·min),预充液中加入10 ng/ml Lipo-PGE1;对照组给予相同容量的生理盐水.于诱导后即刻(T1),CPB开始30 min(T2),CPB结束即刻(T3),CPB后1 h(T4)、2 h(T5)、24 h(T6)分别采集外周动脉血测定血浆α-颗粒膜蛋白-140(GMP-140)、血小板最大聚集率(MAR)及血小板计数(PLT).结果 CPB开始至CPB结束后早期两组MAR均显著下降而GMP-140水平显著升高,观察组MAR及GMP-140水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),并于CPB结束后24 h均恢复至术前水平;CPB开始至CPB结束后24 h两组PLT均较术前明显下降(P<0.01),对照组下降更明显,但无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 Lipo-PGE1在CPB过程中能有效减少血小板激活,保护血小板功能.     

氨溴索、乌司他丁对体外循环心脏手术患者肺功能的保护作用及机制

目的观察氨溴索、乌司他丁对体外循环（CPB）心脏手术患者肺功能的保护作用,并探讨其机制。方法40例CPB下行瓣膜置换手术患者,随机分为氨溴索组（A组）、乌司他丁组（U组）、联合组（AU组）和对照组（C组）,每组10例。A组麻醉诱导后静脉滴注氨溴索0.5 mg/kg,U组在CPB过程中予1万U/kg乌司他丁,AU组联合应用上述两种药物;C组均未应用氨溴索及乌司他丁。分别在CPB前（T1）、CPB停止（T2）、CPB结束后2 h（T3）、CPB结束后4 h（T4）及CPB结束后18 h（T5）采集桡动脉血,测定血清白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-8（IL-8）、白介素-10（IL-10）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）,并通过血气分析计算呼吸指数（RI）和肺氧合指数（OI）。结果四组患者CPB后RI和OI较CPB前均有不同程度升高（P均〈0.05）;CPB后各时点A、U、AU组患者RI、OI均明显低于C组,AU组RI、OI明显低于其他3组（P均〈0.05）。四组患者血清中IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α水平在T2开始升高并很快达到峰值,后逐渐下降,IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α直到术后18 h仍未降至术前水平（P均〈0.05）。与C组相比,CPB结束后各时点U组、AU组患者血清中IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α水平明显减低（P均〈0.05）,AU组降低更加明显（P均〈0.05）。结论氨溴索、乌司他丁均可对CPB心脏瓣膜置换手术患者围术期肺功能起到保护作用。乌司他丁的肺保护作用与其抑制炎症因子的释放有关,从而减轻肺功能损伤,保护并改善术后肺功能。     

重型颅脑损伤患者胃黏膜内pH的监测及其临床意义

背景：胃黏膜内pH（pHi）值的测定主要用于监测危重患者的全身组织氧合情况以判断其预后，关于胃pHi值对重型颅脑损伤患者应激性溃疡出血的发生是否具有预警作用报道较少，目的：通过监测重型颅脑损伤患者胃pHi值的变化，观察其对应激性溃疡出血发生的预警作用。方法：采用胃张力计监测60例急性重型颅脑损伤患者入院后不同时间点的胃pHi和胃液pH值。结果：60例患者中有16例发生应激性溃疡出血。出血组与未出血组入院即刻的胃pHi值无显著差异；入院后24h和第3、5、7天，出血组胃pHi值显著低于未出血组。入院后第1、2天，出血组胃液pH值与未出血组相比无显著差异，入院后第3～7天则显著低于未出血组。结论：监测胃pHi对判断急性重型颅脑损伤患者的治疗效果和预后具有重要实用价值。     

Effect of simulated intragastric haemorrhage on gastric acid secretion, gastric motility, and serum gastrin.

The majority of upper gastrointestinal bleeds stop spontaneously despite the low pH and proteolytic activity of gastric juice which inhibit coagulation and platelet aggregation. In order to investigate this paradox six healthy male volunteers received intragastric infusions of 160 ml autologous venous blood or 160 ml egg white acting as control in random order on separate days. Basal acid output was calculated before infusion, net acid secretion and gastric volume emptied were calculated after intragastric infusions. Serum gastrin concentrations were also measured before and after intragastric infusions and expressed as the integrated gastrin response. Basal acid output (mmol/h) was 4.7 (1.9) (mean (SEM)) before egg white infusion and 5.9 (2.6) before venous blood infusion. After egg white infusion net acid secretion (mmol/20 min) increased to 5.6 (3.1) compared with 2.3 (1.3) after venous blood infusion (p less than 0.05). The gastric volume emptied (ml/20 min) was less after venous blood infusion at 105 (28) compared with 321 (66) after egg white infusion (p less than 0.03). Integrated gastrin response was similar after venous blood and egg white infusion. When compared with an equivalent protein meal intragastric blood stimulates less acid secretion and delays gastric emptying. This effect may facilitate haemostasis after gastric bleeding.     

连续性血液净化对重症急性胰腺炎患者胃黏膜酸度的影响

目的观察连续性血液净化(CBP)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者胃黏膜酸度的影响。方法选择SAP患者20例,随机分为CBP治疗组和非CBP治疗对照组各10例,两组均在治疗前、治疗第2天、4天和6天测定其胃黏膜pH值(pHi)及动脉血乳酸值。结果两组患者初始pHi均值均偏低,CBP组患者治疗后第4天和第6天pHi水平较治疗前明显升高,且差异有显著性(分别为P<0.05和P<0.01),对照组治疗前后pHi水平未见显著改变。两组间比较,治疗第4天和第6天,CBP组pHi水平显著高于对照组(分别为P<0.05和P<0.01)。CBP组在治疗第2天乳酸值即开始显著下降(P<0.05),治疗第6天乳酸值下降最为显著(P<0.01);对照组治疗前后乳酸值无显著改变(P>0.05);与对照组比较,治疗后第2天和第4天CBP组乳酸水平显著降低(P<0.05),第6天降低最为明显(P<0.01)。结论应用CBP治疗可提高SAP患者pHi,并降低患者乳酸代谢水平,改善患者胃肠道的微循环灌注及氧合。     

Fasting- and meal-stimulated peptide hormone concentrations before and after gastric surgery for morbid obesity

The influence of morbid obesity and of gastric surgery operation in circulating peptide hormone concentrations was studied in 26 patients. Plasma hormone levels were determined in the fasting state and after a standardized test meal before and six to nine months after gastric surgery. Before surgery fasting and postprandial blood glucose and hormone levels did not significantly differ in morbidly obese subjects from those in obese or normal subjects, except that in morbidly obese subjects, postprandial gastrin concentration remained at peak levels and did not return to fasting levels 120 minutes after the test meal. An average weight loss of 92 lb following the gastric surgery operation was accompanied by a decrease of fasting glucose and insulin levels and a decreased postprandial insulin response. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of pancreatic glucagon, of pancreatic polypeptide in the basal state, or of pancreatic glucagon after the test meal between the preoperative and postoperative groups. As compared to preoperative values, fasting gastrin levels decreased after surgery, the postprandial release of gastrin was virtually absent, and that of pancreatic polypeptide reduced. The significance of altered postprandial pancreatic polypeptide response and of the reversal of prolonged postprandial hypergastrinemia to a state of low circulating gastrin levels following gastric surgery on gastrointestinal secretion and mucosa remain to be determined.     

肝硬化患者胃动力多因素相关性研究

目的 进一步了解肝硬化患者消化道运动功能紊乱的机理及各因素间的相互关系。 方法 对46例肝硬化患者行血浆血管活性肠肽(VIP)、胃泌素、胃动素(MTL)检测;胃电图、24 h胃内pH监测;同位素核素闪烁法检测胃排空,并与正常组对照。 结果 肝硬化组与正常组,血浆VIP分别为(14.5±4.8)pmol/L和(9.7±3.4)pmol/L,t=5.181,P<0.05;胃泌素分别为(58.6±29.8)pg/ml和(38.1±14.6)pg/ml,t=3.871,P<0.01;MTL分别为(360.0±54.2)pg/ml和(422.0±48.5)pg/ml,t=5.529,P<0.05。胃电图主频、主功率进餐前后均降低,正常慢波节律减少,胃动过缓增加。胃内2 4 h pH监测反流积分增加,胃排空延迟。多元线性回归分析,相互间有显著性相关。 结论 肝硬化患者存在食管胃运动功能紊乱,表现为胃电节律紊乱、胃排空延迟。血浆胃肠激素的异常。肝硬化患者胃内pH异常,存在胃十二指肠反流。     

Early hemoperfusion with a polymyxin b column improves gastric intramucosal pH in sepsis

This study had two purposes. One was to assess gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) after early goal-directed therapy in patients with sepsis and septic shock. The other was to determine whether direct hemoperfusion with a polymyxin B fiber column (DHP-PMX) could improve the pHi if it remained low after early goal-directed therapy. The subjects were 32 patients who underwent early goal-directed therapy within 6 h of a diagnosis of sepsis or septic shock, and who achieved the following conditions: (i) central venous pressure of 8-12 mm Hg; (ii) mean arterial blood pressure >or=65 mm Hg; (iii) urine output >or=0.5 mL/kg/h; and (iv) mixed venous oxygen saturation >or=70%. A gastric tonometer was inserted in each patient and the pHi was measured before DHP-PMX, and at 24, 48, and 72 h after the start of treatment. The pHi was 7.22 +/- 0.04 immediately before DHP-PMX, 7.28 +/- 0.03 (P < 0.05) at 24 h, 7.32 +/- 0.03 (P < 0.01) at 48 h, and 7.34 +/- 0.02 (P < 0.01) at 72 h, showing a significant increase from 24 h onward compared with the pretreatment value. In patients with sepsis and septic shock, the pHi remained low after early goal-directed therapy; however, it was significantly improved from 24 h after the start of DHP-PMX and was normalized from 48 h onwards. These findings suggest that DHP-PMX improves pHi. Because this was a prospective uncontrolled observational study on a limited number of patients, larger multicenter clinical trials are required to more accurately assess the benefits of DHP-PMX.     

Prolonged intestinal mucosal acidosis is associated with multiple organ failure in human acute pancreatitis： Gastric tonometry revisited

AIM: To evaluate whether multiple determinations of intramucosal pH (pHi) in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients could provide additional information of the disease severity during early hospitalization. METHODS: Twenty-one patients suffering from acute pancreatitis were monitored by gastric tonometry in the first 72 h after hospital admission. RESULTS: In the survivor group (n = 15) the initially low pHi values returned to normal level (pHi≥7.32) within 48 h (median pHi: d 1: 7.21; d 2: 7.32; d 3: 7.33). In contrast, pHi values in the non-survivor group n = 6) were persistently either below or in the low normal range (median pHi 7.12; 7.12; 7.07 respectively), but pHi differences between the two groups reached significance only after 24 h (P < 0.01). Mucosal acidosis detected at any time during the monitored period was associated with the emergence of single or multiple organ dysfunction (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Prolonged gastric mucosal acidosis was associated with remote organ dysfunction and failure in Acute Pancreatitis, however, correlation with the fatal outcome became significant only 24 h after admission. Due to its non-invasive nature gastric tonometry may supplement the pro-inflammatory markers to achieve a multi-faceted monitoring of the disease.     

Effect of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Gastric Juice pH

Background: How Helicobacter pylori infection affects gastric acid secretion is still unclear. Methods: Gastric juice pH, ammonia concentration in gastric juice, serum gastrin level, and grade of gastritis in accordance with the Sydney System were determined for patients with gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU) before and after treatment with lansoprazole and amoxicillin, and results were compared with those of H. pylori-negative controls. Results: Scores for H. pylori density, atrophy, metaplasia, and activity of gastritis in the corpus were higher in patients with GU, especially those with proximally located GU, than in those with DU. Gastric juice pH was significantly higher in GU patients than in DU patients and controls. After H. pylori eradication, gastric juice pH and serum gastrin levels in both GU and DU patients were significantly decreased to control levels. In patients without eradication, no significant changes in these factors were observed. Conclusions: These findings suggest that H. pylori infection and gastritis in the corpus suppress acid secretion and increase gastric juice pH, resulting in hypergastrinemia, and that eradication of H. pylori normalizes acid secretion and serum gastrin levels.