加拿大食品检查员制度体系对完善我国职业化食品检查员队伍建设的启示

食品检查是确保食品安全的一项重要监管措施,也是我国《食品安全法》赋予食品监管部门的重要职责。如何实施最严格的检查,确保检查的质量和效能,最关键就是食品检查员队伍建设。国外发达国家和地区历来注重食品检查员队伍的建设,而我国职业化食品检查员队伍建设还在探索中。加拿大食品安全在全球拥有很高声誉,其食品检查员制度体系别有特色,在法律上明确检查员的职责和权限,在机构设置上实施法定机构治理模式,在检查员职责分工上专业明晰,而且具有完善的检查员管理和教育培养体系。本文通过研究加拿大食品检查制度体系,归纳分析我国当前食品检查队伍建设现况及存在的问题,借鉴加拿大的有益经验和做法,提出完善我国职业化食品检查员队伍建设的建议和思考,以期完善和推进我国食品检查员队伍建设。     

广西食品监管职业化检查制度的探索

<正>我国以往建立的兼职检查员队伍仍存在诸多弊端。本文以高风险的乳制品企业为切入点,开展广西食品监管职业化检查制度的探索和实践,探讨了建立职业化检查制度的可行性和影响。职业化检查制度具有推广的价值,同时也有必要进一步完善。在食品药品行业扩张迅猛的时代,每一个强盛的国家都需要一支具有敬业精神和出色业务能力的职业检查员队伍,这支队伍是保障人民饮食医药安全的强有力后盾,目前主要发达国家和地区基本都建立了专职检查员制度。职业化检查制度建立的背景     

内蒙古打造高水平执法队伍

<正>内蒙古自治区食品药品监督管理局认真贯彻落实毕井泉局长关于建设职业化检查员队伍的讲话精神,抓住新一轮食品药品监管体制改革机遇,统一认识,系统筹划,顶层设计,从健全机构、完善制度、编辑执法手册、强化人员培训、分级分类考试、建立专家库等几个方面,分步实施,扎实推进,努力打造一支职业化、高水平的食品药品稽查执法队伍。     

加拿大食品检查员管理政策法规分析和借鉴

食品安全是关系国计民生的大事。安全的食品是生产出来的也是监管出来的。要做好食品安全工作,强化食品安全监管能力建设是关键。职业化检查员队伍是食品安全监管工作的基础和保障,可弥补监管人手不够、专业能力不足等问题。国外发达国家均高度重视食品检查员建设,拥有高素质、专业强的检查员队伍,而我国食品检查员队伍建设还在探索。加拿大作为全球食品安全体系最好的国家之一,具有完善的食品检查员管理政策法规体系,检查依据、资质管理与分类分级、教育培训、职责任务、检查程序、监管都有明确规定,这对于我国食品检查员队伍建设具有很大的借鉴意义。作者主要研究加拿大食品检查员的相关管理政策法规,结合我国当前实际,进而在具体工作层面提出完善我国食品检查员队伍建设的建议。     

完善我国食品检查制度的思考——以美国食品检查制度为借鉴

分析中国食品检查制度的现状及缺陷,借鉴美国食品检查制度的经验和做法,提出完善食品检查法律法规、食品检查指南的建议,明确提出各级食品检查机构职责、加快建立职业化食品检查员队伍以及加强食品检查员队伍能力建设的建议和思考,以期完善和推进我国食品检查制度建设。     

欧美食品企业检查员模式对我国食品安全监管的借鉴启示

2018年全国"两会"闭幕后国务院启动了新一轮的机构改革,组建了国家市场监督管理总局,将食品安全监管纳入统一的市场监管体系。如何在现有公职人员编制不变的情况下加大对食品安全监管力度是本轮机构改革亟待解决的问题。本文概述了中外食品检查员队伍建设的现状,重点阐述了我国食品检查员队伍建设存在的问题和加快推进职业化检查员队伍建设对破解目前基层监管瓶颈、保障食品安全的重要意义。倡导让职业化检查员成为一种新职业,将对提高我国食品安全监管效能具有重要意义,以期给政府监管部门提供更多的信息与借鉴。     

我国食品职业化检查员队伍建设现状及对策

通过分析我国当前的食品职业化检查员队伍建设现状,发现存在顶层设计、人员素质、职业发展和培训教育等方面的问题,故笔者有针对性地提出相应的解决措施,以期为今后食品职业化检查员队伍建设提供参考。     

中美对比下我国检查员队伍建设的思考与建议

通过梳理美国FDA检查员制度现状,从制度建设、人员管理、工作依据、能力素质提升、经费保障和信息化建设方面提出我国检查员制度建设的若干建议与思考,以期能够对我国的检查员队伍建设提供参考和借鉴。     

甘肃:印发十三五食药安全规划 基层食药监管机构规范化建设要达到100%

正甘肃省政府办公厅日前印发《甘肃省"十三五"食品药品安全规划》(以下简称《规划》)。《规划》指出,全省基层食品药品监管机构规范化建设达到100%;省、市、县、乡(街道)四级监管机构基础设施普遍达标,执法装备配备基本实现标准化;建立省、市、县三级食品生产检查员队伍。加强食品药品检验检测能力。《规划》指出,全面完成2个省级、14个市级和68个县级食品药品检验检测建设项目。加大县级食品检验检测资源整合力度,推进县级食品药品检验检测机构规范化建设。加大基层食品药品监管所快     

食品安全检查员监管制度分析与研究

在食品安全检查过程中，检查员发挥着十分重要的作用，检查员监管制度的构建与完善，是提高食品安全监管整体水平的重要保证。本文主要分析食品安全检查员监管制度建设的问题，并提出针对性的解决策略，以减少食品安全存在的潜在风险，降低违法行为出现概率，提升食品安全整体水平，确保食品安全监管质量。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.