以硫化钙为还原剂还原-酸浸提取低品位氧化锰矿中的锰元素（英文）

以CaSO4制备得到的CaS为还原剂,研究氧化锰矿的还原-酸浸过程,考察硫化钙与矿石的质量比、还原温度、还原时间、液固比、搅拌速率、浸出温度、浸出时间和H2SO4浓度对氧化锰矿中锰及铁浸出率的影响。结果表明:优化的还原工艺条件为硫化钙与矿石质量比1:6.7、液固比5:1、搅拌速率300 r/min、还原温度95°C、还原时间2.0 h;酸浸工艺条件为搅拌速率200 r/min、H2SO4浓度1.5 mol/L、浸出温度80°C、浸出时间5 min。在此优化条件下,锰的浸出率达到96.47%,而铁的浸出率仅为19.24%。该工艺可以应用于不同类型氧化锰矿中锰的提取,且锰的浸出率均高于95%。     

硫酸肼还原酸浸出废旧锂离子电池中的有价金属（英文）

采用硫酸肼作为锂、镍、钴和锰从废锂离子电池中浸出时的还原剂,结合条件实验对浸出机理和浸出动力学进行研究。在最优条件:硫酸2.0 mol/L、硫酸肼30 g/L、固液比50 g/L、温度80℃和浸出时间60 min下,97%的Li、96%的Ni、95%的Co以及86%的Mn被浸出。通过浸出动力学分析得出Li、Ni以及Co的浸出活化能分别为44.32、59.37和55.62 k J/mol,表明浸出过程受化学反应控制。XRD和SEM-EDS分析结果表明,浸出渣的主要组成为MnO₂。上述研究结果表明,硫酸肼可作为废锂离子电池中有价金属浸出的有效还原剂。     

铟的还原浸出动力学及分步沉淀选择性分离（英文）

开展硫化锌精矿还原浸出高铁锌浸出渣高效浸铟及浸出液中铟选择性分离的研究。结果表明：在固体物料粒度74～105μm、反应温度90℃、浸出时间300 min、硫酸浓度1.4 mol/L的条件下,铟的浸出率达95%以上。采用收缩核模型对还原浸出动力学进行分析,不同条件下的浸出实验结果表明反应受穿过固体产物层的扩散控制,活化能为17.96 k J/mol,相对于硫酸浓度的反应级数为2.41。铁粉置换沉铜过程铜和砷的沉淀率均达99%以上。98%以上的铟从含高亚铁离子浓度的硫酸锌溶液中选择性分离,获得铟含量约为2.4%的富铟渣,经酸浸-萃取-电积工艺流程进一步处理后可得到纯铟。     

Ida~（2-）-H_2O体系浸出低品位氧化锌矿

采用Ida2--H2O体系（亚氨二乙酸盐水溶液）处理高碱性脉石型低品位氧化锌矿,考察浸出时间、液固比、配体总浓度、温度及pH值对矿物中主金属Zn及杂质元素Ca、Mg、Cu、Ni、Fe、Pb、Cd的溶出影响。结果表明：在弱碱性Ida2--H2O体系中,Ca、Mg、Fe不会被大量溶出,有价金属Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd可部分随主金属Zn溶出而进入浸出液;在浸出时间4h、液固比5：1、配体总浓度0.9mol/L、温度70℃、pH8的优化条件下,锌浸出率为76.6%。     

氰化浸出、氨预处理及氨氰浸出法处理富铜金矿（英文）

采用直接氰化浸出、氨预处理及氨氰浸出等方法处理含硫化铜的金矿。研究这些浸出体系中金和铜的溶解行为。当NaCN含量小于5g/L时,金的氰化浸出受到所含硫化铜的严重干扰,这与组分平衡计算结果一致。氨预处理可以消除铜的干扰,在后续的氰化浸出过程中,即使在剂量较小的情况下,金也可以获得较高的提取率。采用Box-Behnken试验设计研究了氨氰体系中NH3、NaCN和Pb(NO3)2的主要影响以及其相互作用。其中NH3和NaCN浓度是影响金提取率的主要因素,而Pb(NO3)2的影响有限。增加NH3的浓度可以提高金提取的选择性和提取率,同时降低氰化物的用量。统计研究结果表明试剂间的相互作用对金提取无重大影响。氨预处理和氨氰浸出法在含硫化铜的金矿的处理中具有广阔的应用前景。     

废三元锂离子电池正极材料脱锂渣的淀粉还原浸出动力学（英文）

以淀粉为还原剂从废三元锂离子电池(LIBs)正极材料脱锂渣中回收Ni、Co和Mn,并研究其浸出动力学和机理。系统地研究搅拌速率、浸出温度、H2SO4浓度和淀粉用量对Ni、Co和Mn浸出率的影响。结果表明,在搅拌速率为500 r/min、硫酸浓度为1.5 mol/L、淀粉用量为6 g/L、浸出温度为80℃和浸出时间为60 min的优化条件下,Ni、Co和Mn的浸出率分别达到98.07%、96.52%和98.06%。根据冶金过程液固反应动力学模型,脱锂渣的浸出动力学可以用化学反应控制的未反应收缩核模型很好地进行描述。在浸出反应中,Ni、Co和Mn的表观反应活化能分别为93.32、102.84和95.68 k J/mol,H₂SO₄的表观反应级数分别为0.9225、1.0335和1.1285。淀粉容易制取、成本低,可取代传统还原剂用于从废三元锂电池中提取有价金属。     

盐酸溶液中双氧水浸出黄铜矿（英文）

本文旨在研究以双氧水为强氧化剂的黄铜矿精矿的盐酸浸出过程。研究搅拌速度、固液比、温度、HCl和H_2O_2浓度等浸出参数对金属浸出率的影响。室温下,用3.0 mol/L H_2O_2和0.5 mol/L HCl溶液与黄铜矿反应180 min后,获得33%的最大铜浸出率。结果表明,在反应的前60 min,铜的浸出率增大;此后,由于双氧水的快速催化分解,铜浸出率基本上保持不变。此外,固液比对铜的浸出率影响显著,而且在最稀的悬浮液中(即固液比1:100)铜的浸出率最高。溶出过程可用一级动力学方程描述,表观活化能为19.6 kJ/mol,表明溶出过程受扩散控制,对于HCl和H_2O_2的反应级数分别为0.30和0.53。浸出渣的XRD和SEM/EDS分析结果表明,矿物表面生成单质硫,抑制浸出率的提高。     

采用还原-磁化焙烧法从高铁锌焙砂中选择性浸出锌（英文）

为实现高铁锌焙砂中锌的选择性浸出,提出一种将还原焙烧与磁化焙烧相结合以强化铁酸锌选择性分解的新工艺。通过热力学分析和焙烧实验,详细研究铁酸锌的分解机理。结果表明,在8%CO(体积分数)、750℃、50%CO/(CO+CO₂)(体积分数)和90 min的最佳还原焙烧条件下,锌焙砂中94.65%的铁酸锌被还原分解为氧化锌和氧化亚铁。随后,还原焙砂在450℃的空气气氛中磁化焙烧30 min后,焙砂中的氧化亚铁被选择性地磁化为四氧化三铁。磁化焙砂经低酸浸出后,焙砂中93.62%的锌被浸出进入溶液,而90%以上的铁以磁铁矿的形式富集在浸出渣中,浸出渣中的铁可通过磁选法进一步回收。     

采用硫酸浸出和添加酒石酸钾钠的氢氧化钠浸出从Yahyali非硫化浮选尾矿中回收锌和铅（英文）

采用硫酸浸出和添加酒石酸钾钠的氢氧化钠浸出从Yahyali非硫化浮选尾矿中回收锌和铅。在酸浸阶段,研究pH值、固液比和温度对尾矿中锌溶出的影响。在pH值为2、温度为40℃、固液比为20%、浸出时间为2 h的条件下,锌的溶出率达到82.3%,而铁和铅的溶出率低于0.5%。硫酸消耗量为110.6 kg/t(干尾矿)。浸出温度对尾矿中锌的溶出无有益的影响。酸浸液的电积试验结果表明,阴极产物含99.8%的Zn和0.15%的Fe。在碱浸阶段,添加酒石酸钾钠时铅的溶出率略有增加,浸出温度从40℃升高到80℃时,超过60%的Pb进入浸出液中。利用XRD和XRF分析最终的浸出渣。XRD分析结果表明,主要衍射峰来自针铁矿和石英,次要衍射峰属于菱锌矿和白铅矿。XRF分析结果显示,浸出渣含有70.3%的氧化铁。基于顺序浸出实验结果,浮选尾矿中的锌和铅可以被很好地浸出,而大量的铁留在浸出渣中。     

从氧化锌矿浸出渣中回收锌

低品位氧化锌矿酸浸后,浸出渣中夹带3％以上的锌,采用水洗-P204萃取可回收酸浸渣中的水溶性锌,得到的反萃液经过净化后可电积沉锌。该工艺可与湿法炼锌工艺相结合处理低品位氧化锌矿。     

Reductive acid leaching of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries using hydrazine sulfate as reductant

Hydrazine sulfate was used as a reducing agent for the leaching of Li, Ni, Co and Mn from spent lithium-ion batteries. The effects of the reaction conditions on the leaching mechanism and kinetics were characterized and examined. 97% of the available Li, 96% of the available Ni, 95% of the available Co, and 86% of the available Mn are extracted under the following optimized conditions: sulfuric acid concentration of 2.0 mol/L, hydrazine sulfate dosage of 30 g/L, solid-to-liquid ratio of 50 g/L, temperature of 80 °C, and leaching time of 60 min. The activation energies of the leaching are determined to be 44.32, 59.37 and 55.62 kJ/mol for Li, Ni and Co, respectively. By performing X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, it is confirmed that the main phase in the leaching residue is MnO₂. The results show that hydrazine sulfate is an effective reducing agent in the acid leaching process for spent lithium-ion batteries.     

锰铁合金渣浸出液制备电子级硫酸锰(英文)

以锰铁合金渣为原料,经研磨、硫酸浸出后,采用中和-水解、氟化沉淀、硫化沉淀和重结晶法去除浸出液中的铁、铝、钙、镁和重金属以及钠、钾等离子以制备电子级硫酸锰。研究反应pH、反应温度和不同添加剂的用量对硫酸锰产品中杂质含量的影响,并得到了较优的温度、pH、沉淀剂的用量等工艺条件。结果表明:在较优工艺条件下,所制备的碳酸锰中,Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+杂质离子的含量小于0.005%,Fe3+、Al3+和重金属离子的含量小于0.001%,Mn2+的含量大于32%,硫酸锰产品的质量满足锂离子电池正极材料的要求。     

Extraction of manganese and zinc from their compound ore by reductive acid leaching

Comprehensive utilization of low grade manganese–zinc compound ore containing lead and silver with a method of reductive acid leaching was studied. According to the ?–pH diagram of Mn–Zn–H₂O system, Mn and Zn can be leached simultaneously in the pH range of –2 to 5.61. The results showed that both hydrogen peroxide and sucrose were effective reductants which could intensify the simultaneous leaching of Mn and Zn into leachate as well as enrich Pb and Ag in the residue. 95.88% of Mn and 99.23% of Zn were extracted when the compound ore was leached with hydrogen peroxide in sulfuric acid media, meanwhile the contents of Pb and Ag in the residue were enriched to 13.21% and 489.36 g/t, respectively. When sucrose was used as the reductant, the leaching efficiencies of Mn and Zn separately achieved 98.26% and 99.62%, and contents of Pb and Ag in the residue were as high as 13.92% and 517.87 g/t, respectively.     

Pressure leaching of zinc silicate ore in sulfuric acid medium

Zinc silicate ore was characterized mineralogically and the results showed that zinc exists mainly as hemimorphite and smithsonite in the sample. Sulfuric acid pressure leaching of zinc silicate ore was carried out to assess the effect of particle size, sulfuric acid concentration, pressure, reaction time and temperature on the extraction of zinc and the dissolution of silica. Under the optimum conditions employed, up to 99.25% of zinc extraction and 0.20% silica dissolution are obtained. The main minerals in leaching residue are quartz and small amounts of undissolved oxide minerals of iron, lead and aluminum are associated with quartz.     

低品位氧化锌矿在MACA体系中的循环浸出

研究Me(Ⅱ)-NH4Cl-NH3-H2O(MACA)体系处理兰坪低品位氧化锌矿的浸出过程,提出用循环浸出方法富集浸出液中锌浓度的工艺技术方案.结果表明:循环浸出的优化条件为液固比4:1、常温、搅拌速度300 r/min、浸出时间3 h;通过循环次数分别为14、15及10的3个阶段的循环浸出试验,获得渣计锌浸出率≥69...     

焙烧氟碳铈矿硫酸浸出稀土的动力学(英文)

研究了硫酸浸出德昌稀土与天青石共伴生矿的焙烧矿过程。考查粒度、搅拌速度、硫酸浓度和温度对稀土浸出率的影响,并对稀土的浸出动力学进行分析。在选定的浸出条件下:粒径0.074～0.100mm、硫酸浓度1.5mol/L、液固比8:1、搅拌速度500r/min,稀土浸出反应受内扩散控制,表观活化能为9.977kJ/mol。     

含铜金矿的压力氧化浸出及其机理

含铜金矿在氧气分压为o.45 MPa、温度约为110℃条件下于高压釜中氧化一定时间,浸出铜后,渣氰化浸金,获得的铜、金浸出率分别为90.3%和96.55%.通过分析X射线衍射谱及CuFeS2-H2SO4-NaCl-H2O体系在25℃下的ψ-pH图,确定了载金矿物的氧化机理,分析了浸出体系的酸度、温度及氯化钠浓度对含铜金矿预氧化及浸出过程的影响规律.结果表明:硫化矿的氧化溶解首先是磁黄铁矿,其次是铜的次生硫化矿,再次是黄铜矿,最后是黄铁矿;载金黄铜矿的氧化首先是铁从黄铜矿的晶格中氧化溶解出来,生成中间产物CuS2和CuS;较高的酸度和氯化钠浓度有利于单质硫的生成、三价铁的水解和铜的浸出,进而有利于金浸出率的提高.     

Ida~(2-)-H_2O体系浸出低品位氧化锌矿(英文)

采用Ida2--H2O体系(亚氨二乙酸盐水溶液)处理高碱性脉石型低品位氧化锌矿,考察浸出时间、液固比、配体总浓度、温度及pH值对矿物中主金属Zn及杂质元素Ca、Mg、Cu、Ni、Fe、Pb、Cd的溶出影响。结果表明:在弱碱性Ida2--H2O体系中,Ca、Mg、Fe不会被大量溶出,有价金属Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd可部分随主金属Zn溶出而进入浸出液;在浸出时间4h、液固比5:1、配体总浓度0.9mol/L、温度70℃、pH8的优化条件下,锌浸出率为76.6%。     

Pressure leaching of metals from waste printed circuit boards using sulfuric acid

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are essential components of electronic equipments which contain various metallic values. This paper reports a hydrometallurgical recycling process for waste PCBs, which consists of the novel pretreatment consisting of organic swelling of PCBs followed by sulfuric acid leaching of metals from waste PCBs. To recycle the waste PCBs, experiments were carried out for the recovery of copper from the crushed and organic swelled materials of waste PCBs using sulfuric acid leaching in presence of hydrogen peroxide under atmospheric and pressure condition. The leaching of PCBs at 90°C, pulp density 100 g/L under atmospheric condition, using 6M sulfuric acid resulted in the dissolution of a minor amount of copper due to the presence of plastic coating on the surface of metallic layers. On the other hand, when the liberated metal sheets from organic swelled PCBs were treated with dilute sulfuric acid of concentration 2M along with hydrogen peroxide in an autoclave under oxygen atmosphere, the percentage recovery of copper was found to increase from 59.63% to 97.01% with an increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration from 5 to 15% (v/v) keeping constant pulp density 30 g/L.