ZK60镁合金高应变速率压缩变形的流变行为及显微组织(英文)

在250~400°C的温度范围和0.1-50 s-1的应变速率范围内对ZK60合金进行压缩变形,对其流变行为和显微组织进行研究。结果表明,在低应变速率(0.1~1 s-1)下压缩变形时,再结晶主要发生在初始晶界上;在高应变速率(10~50 s-1)下压缩变形时,再结晶同时在初始晶界和孪晶上发生。合金在应变速率10~50 s-1和温度250~350°C的变形条件下获得均匀、细小的再结晶组织。因此,合金的最佳热加工工艺范围为应变速率10~50 s-1、变形温度250~350°C。高应变速率压缩变形条件下的孪生诱发动态再结晶过程分三步,首先,高位错密度孪晶分割初始晶粒;然后,孪晶内的位错发生重排形成亚晶;最后,随着应变的增加而形成再结晶晶粒。     

ZK60镁合金热压缩变形流变应力行为与预测

在变形温度为523---673 K, 应变速率为0.001---1 s^-1的条件下, 采用Gleeble--1500热模拟试验机对ZK60镁合金的热变形行为进行了研究. 结果表明, ZK60镁合金流变应力随变形温度升高和应变速率的降低而减小. 其高温压缩流变应力曲线可描述为加工硬化、过渡、软化和稳态流变4个阶段, 但在温度较高和应变速率较小时, 过渡阶段不很明显. 建立了一个包含应变的流变应力预测模型, 模型中的9个独立参数可以通过非线性最小二乘法拟合求得, 预测的流变应力曲线与实验结果吻合较好.     

AZ31B镁合金在高应变速率下的热压缩变形行为和微观组织演变

采用Thermecmastor-Z热模拟试验机在变形温度为200~520℃、应变速率为2~60 s-1条件下对AZ31B镁合金厚板进行热压缩变形试验,压缩变形量为60%。结合变形后的微观组织以及热压缩真应力-真应变曲线,分析应变速率和变形温度等工艺参数对其微观组织演变的影响。结果表明:当变形温度高于320℃时,AZ31B镁合金的真应力-真应变曲线呈现典型的动态再结晶特性。当应变速率一定时,流变应力随温度升高而降低;当变形温度一定时,流变应力在高温低应变速率(低于15 s-1)下随应变速率增大而增大。变形后的微观组织显示,压缩变形过程中发生了明显的动态再结晶,动态再结晶体积分数随应变速率的增加而增大。另外,变形组织的均匀性受变形温度的影响十分显著。在热压缩实验的基础上,在温度为300~330℃时对板材进行单道次大压下量的热轧,获得的板材具有均匀细小的晶粒及优异的力学性能。     

基于人工神经网络的ZK60镁合金热压缩变形行为

在变形温度为200～400℃、应变速率为0.001～1s-1条件下,对ZK60镁合金进行热压缩实验,建立一个单隐层前馈误差反向传播人工神经网络模型,研究该镁合金的流变行为。模型的输入参数分别为变形温度、应变速率和应变,输出为流变应力,中间隐含层包含23个神经元,并采用Levenberg-Marquardt算法对此网络模型进行训练。结果表明:ZK60镁合金的流变应力随变形温度升高和应变速率降低而减小;其高温压缩流变应力曲线可描述为加工硬化、过渡、软化和稳态流变4个阶段,但在较高温度和较低应变速率时,过渡阶段不很明显;所建神经网络模型可以很好地描述ZK60镁合金的流变应力,其预测值与实验值吻合很好;利用该模型预测的变形温度和应变速率对流变应力的影响结果与一般热加工理论所得结果一致。     

高应变速率下AZ31B镁合金的压缩变形组织

采用分离式Hopkinson杆在应变速率为496～2 120 s-1范围对挤压态AZ31B镁合金进行了高速冲击压缩实验,并采用金相显微镜对压缩后镁合金的组织演变规律进行研究.结果表明:在不同应变速率下变形时,挤压态AZ31镁合金的应力-应变曲线几乎重合,说明AZ31B镁合金的应力对应变速率不敏感;但其显微组织变化对应变速率非常敏感,当变形速率较低时,其组织几乎全部由孪晶组成;当应变速率增加时,孪晶数量减少;在应变速率相对较低时(496 s-1),镁合金变形主要以孪生方式进行;当应变速率较高时(2 120 s-1),除孪晶变形之外,柱面滑移和锥面滑移也可能启动以协调变形.     

高应变速率轧制ZK60板材的超塑性行为

研究高应变速率轧制ZK60镁合金板材在523~673 K、1×10-3~1×10-1 s-1初始应变速率下的超塑变形行为及其特征。研究发现:轧制态ZK60板材在648 K、1×10-3 s-1拉伸时,可获得最大伸长率650%,应变速率敏感性指数高达0.53;在623 K、1×10-2 s-1拉伸时,可获得伸长率584.5%,应变速率敏感性指数为0.47,呈现出较好的高应变速率超塑性。微观组织与理论分析表明:ZK60合金板材在高应变速率下的超塑性变形过程中主要的变形机制为晶界滑移机制(GBS),主要协调机制为晶界扩散控制的位错蠕变,同时还伴有一定程度的液相辅助协调机制。     

ZK60镁合金ECAP变形组织及力学性能

在300℃温度下对ZK60镁合金进行了不同道次的等通道挤压(ECAP).研究了ECAP挤压对合金显微组织、室温力学性能和高温抗蠕变性能的影响.结果表明,合金铸态组织主要由α-Mg基体、Mg7Zn3相和MgZn相组成.等通道挤压可显著破碎层片状MgZn相并使其趋于弥散分布,同时基体组织也得到细化.挤压2道次后,合金的室温抗拉强度由170MPa增加到250MPa,伸长率由7％增加到17.7％.挤压4道次后,合金的伸长率进一步增加到20％,而抗拉强度却下降至242 MPa;合金的高温蠕变寿命由铸态1.4h延长到44.8h,稳态蠕变速率减小了约一个数量级.     

ZK60镁合金热变形过程中的动态再结晶动力学

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对ZK60镁合金在温度为200～400℃、应变速率为0.001～10s-1、最大变形量为60%的条件下进行恒应变速率高温压缩实验,研究高温变形过程中合金的动态再结晶行为;采用EM模型描述合金的动态回复曲线,以此为基础,得出ZK60合金热压缩过程中的动态再结晶动力学Avrami方程.利用有限元模拟合金热压缩过程中的动态再结晶.结果表明ZK60合金热压缩过程中由于存在动态再结晶的软化作用,流变应力达到峰值后逐渐减小,并最终达到稳态;随着变形量的增加和变形温度的升高,动态再结晶体积分数增加,合金变形更加均匀;随着应变速率的增加,动态再结晶分数有所减小,且.变形也更不均匀.     

热变形对ZK60镁合金组织及性能的影响

对ZK60镁合金进行了平面应变等温压缩试验,并对不同变形条件下压缩试样的微观组织、拉伸性能进行分析.结果表明,ZK60合金热变形后力学性能得到提高,尤其是塑性得到较大改善,伸长率最高达到38％,断口形貌由河流状变为韧窝状,这主要是由于变形过程中产生动态再结晶,使晶粒明显细化；均匀态组织中个别未溶的共晶组织呈点状断续分布于晶界上,这些点状裂纹在变形过程中不易扩展还可能愈合；在300～380℃对均匀态ZK60合金进行平面压缩后,可获得较优的综合力学性能.     

AZ31镁合金高应变速率多向锻造组织演变及力学性能

采用空气锤对AZ31合金在350℃以Δε=0.22的道次应变量进行1~12道次多向锻造变形,并对其组织和性能进行测试。结果表明:合金高应变速率多向锻造(HSRTF)组织演变分为两个阶段,累积应变∑Δε<1.32时为晶粒细化阶段,其主要机制为孪晶再结晶;累积应变∑Δε>1.32时为晶粒长大阶段,其主要机制为热激活长大。利用大量的孪晶对再结晶的促进作用,高应变速率多向锻造工艺可快速生产细晶粒高性能AZ31变形镁合金锭坯,累积应变∑Δε=1.32时,可获得组织均匀、平均晶粒度为7.4μm的锻坯,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为313 MPa、209 MPa和28.6%。     

Effects of heat-treatment on microstructure of wrought magnesium alloy ZK60

The microstructure of the as-cast, as-solution-treated and as-aged wrought magnesium alloy ZK60 was studied. The results indicate that the microstructure of the as-cast ZK60 alloy is mainly composed of network eutectic （a-Mg＋MgZn） and divorced euteetic MgZn, which semi-continuously distribute along the grain boundaries or in the interdendritic area and almost dissolve into the matrix after solid solution treatment. The Laves phase MgZn2 is not sensitive to the heat treatment and seems to form at the early stage of solidification and keeps its size and shape till the aging stage. It is believed that the occurrence of the Laves phase in the ZK60 alloy would possibly contribute to the defects. Many new phases, including MgZn phase which is different from that forms during eutectic reaction, precipitate after aging treatment.     

Influence of aging on microstructure and properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy

The different aging process was investigated for ZK60 magnesium alloy to get the ideal synthetic properties. The results show that the values of strength, hardness and plasticity of ZK60 magnesium alloy increase at first and then decrease with increasing aging temperature, the suitable aging temperature of ZK60 alloy is from 160 to 180 ℃, At the meantime, the microstructures of appear mesh texture under high ageing temperature, this is the main reason why the mechanical properties decrease.     

Effect of predeformation on semi-solid microstructure of ZK60＋RE magnesium alloy

Microscopical techniques were used to provide the semi-solid microstructure evolutions of ZK60+RE alloys formed by compression and equal channel angular extrusion(ECAE), respectively. It is found that after compression and ECAE, as-cast microstructures exhibit an obvious directional characteristic. The predeformation exerts a significant influence on the formation of thixotropic microstructures during partial remelting. Coalescence and Ostwald ripening are operative in the semi-solid mixture for both compression and ECAE formed alloys. Furthermore, the degree of spheroidization of ECAE formed alloy is better than that of compression formed alloy in appearance.     

ZK60镁合金管材热挤压成形组织演变规律

采用数值模拟和试验方法研究了变形镁合金ZK60管材挤压成形组织演变规律。根据材料热模拟试验结果,得到了ZK60镁合金动态再结晶组织演变的Yada模型中的相关系数。结果表明,当挤压速度增大时,挤压管材晶粒尺寸减小,变化规律接近线性。当挤压温度增大时,挤压管材晶粒尺寸增大。挤压比增大时,晶粒尺寸减小。晶粒尺寸数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合,最大相对误差小于16%。当温度在300～360℃时,ZK60镁合金发生了完全动态再结晶,晶粒较小且组织均匀,平均晶粒尺寸是原始晶粒尺寸的38%。     

Effect of large deformation on microstructure of ZK60 alloy

Microstructure evolution of ZK60 magnesium alloy deformed at 023 hoy cyclic extrusion compression （CEC） large deformation method was investigated. ZK60 alloy was deformed in the range of accumulated true strain of 0.8-17. The microstructure of evolution was investigated by optical microscope （OM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results show that microstructure is obviously refined, and homogenous equiaxed microstructure is achieved in the entire range of the examined deformations by subjected to CEC deformation. By increasing the accumulated strain to 17, the grain size decreases into sub-micron regime with about several hundred nanometers. The mechanism of grain refinement in ZK60 alloy by CEC can be attributed to continuous dynamic recovery and recrystallization.     

Influence of impurities on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 magnesium alloy

The influence of impurity content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 magnesium alloys was investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and tensile test. ZK60 alloys were prepared by changing holding time of alloy melt during semi-continuous casting in order to control the content of impurity elements. The alloy with lower purity content is found to have less second precipitates and larger grain size in the as-cast state. However, in the as-extruded state, reducing impurities brings about a decrease in grain size and an increase in yield strength from 244 MPa to 268 MPa, while the elongations in the as-extruded alloys with different contents of impurities are almost the same. After T5 treatment, impurity content is found to have more obvious effect on the yield strength of ZK60 alloy. The yield strength of ZK60-45 alloys with low impurity content is increased up to 295 MPa after T5 treatment.