新食品原料食叶草的安全性评估

目的 系统评估食叶草的食用安全性.方法 依据现行《新食品原料安全性审查管理办法》的规定,对食叶草开展成分分析(营养成分、可能存在的天然有毒物质)、卫生学检验(重金属、农药残留)、毒理学试验[包括急性经口毒性试验、三项遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、哺乳动物红细胞微核试验和小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验)、90 d经口毒性试验和...     

Safety evaluation of probiotics

The market for functional products, such as probiotics, is undoubtedly the fastest growing area of new food product development. This market introduces a new paradigm for food safety professionals: beneficial physiological effects beyond those of good nutrition without adverse effects. This specificity generates a need for new approaches in food safety evaluation. Conventional toxicology and safety evaluation alone is of limited value in the safety evaluation of probiotic microorganisms. Instead, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary, involving the contributions of pathologists, geneticists, toxicologists, immunologists, gastroenterologists, and microbiologists. In the case of new products, the objective is to produce products that are at least as safe as conventional counterparts regardless of potential health benefits. In the case of existing strains, the history of safe use criterion is very much associated with being able to detect, enumerate and characterize strains to ensure consumers have been ingesting the same organism throughout the claimed exposure period.     

味精的安全性评估

文章对味精的定义、分类和工艺过程进行了确定.在动物实验、生理功效和临床方向,对味精的主要成分(谷氨酸钠)进行了安全性的评估.总结出,味精作为重要的调味品之一,是食用性安全的.     

动力源胶囊的安全性评价研究

目的对抗运动疲劳功能食品动力源胶囊进行安全性评价研究。方法采用限量法测定急性毒性试验,给予KM小鼠受试物最大剂量1 0 g/kg·BW后,观察14天内有无动物死亡,计算半数致死量(LD50)。应用30 d喂养试验观察可能的亚慢性毒性,分别设2670 mg/kg·BW、1330 mg/kg·BW、670 mg/kg·BW)剂量组和蒸馏水空白对照组,灌胃给予SD大鼠受试物30 d,观察和记录SD大鼠的生长发育情况、摄食量、食物利用率、血液学指标、血液生化指标和脏器病理检查。结果急性毒性试验观察期内受试动物未出现任何异常表现及死亡,表明样品无毒;在30 d喂养试验中各组大鼠给予不同剂量的动力源胶囊30 d后,其血液生化学检查、脏器称量结果表明,各检验项目的实验组与对照组比较均差异不显著。病理组织学检查结果表明对照组和各剂量组雄、雌性大鼠的肝、脾、肾、胃、肠、睾丸(卵巢)均未见与实验因素有关的病理组织学变化,表明30 d喂养试验未见其对受试动物有毒性损害作用。结论动力源胶囊使用安全。     

调味品的安全性评价

随着调味品种类多样化、成分复杂化,对其进行安全性评价成为一个亟待解决的食品安全问题。我国应借鉴发达国家的经验,逐步完善调味品安全性资料,确保消费者食用安全。文章简要介绍发达国家在食品调味品安全性评价方面的现况。     

新食品安全法的十大亮点(二)

2015年4月24日,十二届全国人大常委会第十四次会议审议通过了新修订的食品安全法。新修订的食品安全法共154条,比原法增加了50条,对70%的条文进行了实质性修改。新食品安全法总结国内经验,借鉴国际有益做法,增设了食品安全基本原则,巩固深化了食品安全监管职责,改革创新了食品安全监督管理制度,强化了食品安全源头治理,严格食品生产经营者主体责任、地方政府属地管理责任以及部门监管职责,完善了社会共治,体现了"宽严相济"的法治理念,集中反映了人民群众的愿望和诉求,充分体现了党中央国务院关于食品安全工作的一系列决策部署。     

Topical formulation of a new plant extract complex with refirming properties. Clinical and non-invasive evaluation in a double-blind trial

We tested an OTC formulation versus placebo in a double-blind trial to evaluate its ability to improve elasticity and firmness of the skin. The clinical non-invasive evaluation in 20 volunteers shows: 1. No adverse reactions such as itching or irritation 2. Efficacy and cosmetic acceptibility of the test cream 3. An increase in electrical capacitance (moisture content) even though without statistical significance. This result is not surprising because the patients had healthy skin and were relatively young (aged 20-25) 4. A very significant improvement in the biomechanical properties (extensibility and firmness) of the skin. This increase was statistically significant (P < 0.02) The main components of the cream (boswellic acids, Sylibin and Centella asiatica extracts) were formulated as complexes with lyso-phospholipids and soya bean non-saponifiable lipids.     

固体ClO2保鲜剂安全性的研究

采用物理化学方法对亚硫酸法和有机酸法制备的固体ClO2保鲜剂安全性进行评价,测定固体ClO2保鲜剂的熔点、燃烧点、燃烧热、热分析等理化指标。结果表明:亚硫酸盐法比有机酸法制得的固体ClO2保鲜剂具有更高的燃烧热、熔点,且热量释放较小。亚硫酸盐法制备的固体ClO2保鲜剂的燃烧热比有机酸法高70℃左右,产品的稳定性也显著提高,稳定存放期延长,提高了固体ClO2保鲜剂在果蔬运输和贮藏保鲜中的安全性。     

JECFA对食品添加剂的安全性评价

食品添加剂的安全性问题是食品工业普遍关注并亟待解决的问题,JECFA是国际食品添加剂与污染物安全评价的权威机构。介绍了JECFA对食品添加剂的安全性评价概况及评价结果。总结了近几年JECFA对几种食品添加剂的评价结果,主要介绍了各种物质的ADI值,并对各种物质的功能类别做了说明。     

LIBS based spectroscopic analysis and antidiabetic evaluation of a polyherbal formulation

Although plants have long been a major source of medicine, there is renewed interest in studying the phytochemistry and use of herbal formulations. This paper reports spectroscopic analysis using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) of a polyherbal formulation, whose antidiabetic activity has also been demonstrated on rat models. LIBS analysis revealed the presence of elements such as Na, K, Mg, Ca, H, O and N. The antidiabetic study showed that amongst the four doses studied (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg bw), the dose of 150 mg/kg bw registered the maximum fall in Blood Glucose Level (BGL) in both normal and diabetic (sub and mild) rats in the Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) study—normal rats (22 %), sub-diabetic (36.6 %) and mild-diabetic (39 %). The dose of 150 mg/kg also showed the maximum fall of 23.7 % and 22 % in BGL during fasting BGL and GTT studies of normal rats, respectively. The formulation also showed significant antioxidant activity assessed using in vitro assays. The study validates for the first time the therapeutic use of an antidiabetic polyherbal formulation.     

电子舌技术在低钠盐配方检测评价中的应用

研究电子舌技术在低钠盐配方检测评价中的应用。利用伏安型电子舌对样品溶液进行数据采集,通过小波变换去除信号噪声;基于主成分分析和聚类分析对样品溶液进行分析评价;基于偏最小二乘法建立低钠盐配方的咸味得分预测模型。结果表明:小波变换能去除高频噪声,保留信号的有用成分;主成分分析和聚类分析能对样品进行区分分类,正确反映样品的亲疏关系;采用偏最小二乘法建立的咸味预测模型,建模集和预测集的RMSE分别为3.18%、1.75%,预测效果很好。研究结果为低钠盐配方品质评价提供了一种快速的检测方法。      

Characterisation of reused osmotic solution as ingredient in new product formulation

Osmotic dehydration (OD) with sugar solutions has been used in fruit preservation but part of the process's economic viability depends on the possibility of reusing the osmotic solution (OS) in successive dehydration cycles. Despite the increase in water content, OD promotes OS enrichment in certain water-soluble natural components extracted from fruits, such as vitamins and minerals. For this reason, to recycle it for new food formulation seems to be an attractive alternative. In this paper, changes in soluble solids, a_w, pH, electrical conductivity, density, viscosity and colour in osmotic solution used for kiwifruit dehydration in function of the ratio osmotic solution/fruit (20:1, 10:1 and 5:1) and the number of cycles (up to 10) have been studied. Microbiological analysis of OS and fruit compositional changes were also studied. The results show that during OD likewise water interchange between fruit and OS, a flow of mineral salts and sugar from the fruit to the OS, is produced. Nevertheless OS changes associated to the OD of kiwifruit under the conditions of this study allow OS reuse for at least 10 cycles without any problems related to fruit dehydration level, colour fruit changes, or considerable microbiological contamination.     

热反应型香精安全评价系统指南

为了强化汤料、调味品、膨化食品和方便食品等调理食品的风味,常常需要在加工过程中添加热反应型香精,但与其安全性相关的毒理学数据资料和分析报告却很少.为此欧盟香精香料专家委员会(CECEF)特制定了本指南,目的在于指导生产商和监督机构在最大程度内进行安全控制.     

公众评价下的食品安全公共政策制定模型研究

我国在加强食品安全公共政策制定的过程中取得了一定的成绩,但是近年食品安全问题的不断出现,说明我国在食品安全政策的制定和实施上还存在着政策不具有可持续性、多头管理、忽视公众评价的作用等问题。因此,本文提出建立基于公众评价的食品安全公共政策制定模型,该模型由一个沟通机制,公众、公共政策制定机构,政府决策机构,公共政策实施部门四个政策制定主体,以及采集评价信息、反馈评价结果、运用评价结果、回应评价结果四个环节共同构成。该模型的实施需要有效地甄别与组织公众评价主体,提高政策制定机构建设的科学性,有效监管政策决策机构,并不断提升公共政策实施部门的执行力等条件来保障。     

销售期间鲜切蔬菜的安全性评价

以超市销售的21种鲜切蔬菜为材料,对其菌落总数、大肠菌群、单增李斯特、亚硝酸盐、亚硫酸盐、防腐剂等安全指标进行检测。结果显示,鲜切蔬菜的菌落总数及大肠菌群数距即食要求明显偏高,某些鲜切蔬菜检出单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、苯甲酸、山梨酸,表明市场销售的鲜切蔬菜存在一定的安全性问题,多数产品不符合直接食用要求。      

辽宁省大米中甲基汞的安全性评价

目的：为了给辽宁地区大米安全食用、质量管理提供可靠依据,对辽宁地区的4个城市120批次样品中甲基汞进行液相色谱-原子荧光联用检测,根据检测数据运用风险评估软件RISK@7.5、急性膳食摄入风险评估%ARfD和慢性膳食摄入风险评估%ADI等指标对辽宁地区大米进行甲基汞膳食摄入风险评估,用大份餐LP、每日允许摄入量计算最大残留限量估计值(eMRL)。结果表明,辽宁地区甲基汞的检出数量为26,检出率为21.7%,超标样品量为2,超标率为1.67%,建立辽宁地区大米中甲基汞的风险评估模型,通过模型可以模拟出辽宁地区大米中甲基汞的平均流行率=21.4%,推断出辽宁地区一般大型商场超级市场的大米中检出甲基汞种类数量小于6种的概率小于5%,大于12种的概率小于5%,一般中、小型超级市场及早市中大米检出甲基汞种类小于1种的概率小于5%,大于7种的概率小于5%。其中至少有一种样品甲基汞检出的概率为95.6%。辽宁地区一般大型商场超市大米中甲基汞超标种类小于0种的概率小于5%大于3种的概率小于5%,一般为1-3种,辽宁地区一般中、小市场及早市中大米产品中甲基汞超标种类大于0种的概率小于5%而大于1种的概率小于5%,一般为1种。甲基汞的急性膳食摄入风险(%ARfD)为0.9382%、慢性膳食摄入风险评估%ADI甲基汞为0.11%,风险均为可接受,最大残留估计限量值为0.829mg/kg。     

我国虾类产品中亚硫酸盐的安全性评价

亚硫酸盐被认为是一类安全性较高的食品添加剂,然而现行国家食品添加剂标准中不允许亚硫酸盐在虾类产品中使用,但国际同类标准中均允许使用亚硫酸盐。本文以风险评估的方式描述食用我国虾产品中亚硫酸盐的膳食风险并通过对比国内外相关限量标准来确定安全限量,提出我国虾类产品中亚硫酸盐的使用建议。从我国国民的饮食习惯来看,虾类产品中一定残留量的亚硫酸盐对人体健康造成危害的可能性极小,建议我国食品添加剂标准参考国际标准扩大亚硫酸盐使用范围和确立限量标准。     

Safety evaluation on fluoride content in black tea

Fluoride content in black tea in various commodities, packages, and preparation processess was assayed and its safety evaluated. A fluoride ion selective electrode method was used to determine the fluoride content in 20 tea samples, in various black tea commodities, namely stick-shaped, granular, and canned or bottled tea beverage, originally produced in India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan and UK, and milk–tea after addition of milk and sugar. The fluoride content of 5 stick-shaped black teas was 96.9–148 mg/kg, that of 8 granular black tea was 139–223 mg/kg, and that of 3 canned or bottled beverage black tea beverages was 0.70–0.96 mg/l, respectively. Neither the bagged black tea paper nor the addition of milk and sugar affected the ionic fluoride level within the tea. These results suggest that, for heavy black tea drinkers, the fluoride intake in areas with drinking water fluoridation, and also other probable sources of fluoride, may approach or reach the level of risk from chronic fluoride intoxication.