利用石蜡基原油减压渣油生产高等级道路石油沥青的研究

鉴于利用玉门炼油厂原料(一种石蜡基混合原油)的减压渣油和减压渣油的溶剂脱油沥青不能直接生产出合格的道路沥青,根据优质道路石油沥青性能对组成分子的基本要求,利用多元调合法间接试制道路石油沥青,研制出了能生产出包括中石化集团公司2号高等级道路沥青(Q/SHR004-1998)在内的多种牌号道路沥青配方。初步探讨了在减压渣油中调入适量催化裂化油浆,并经溶剂脱沥青工艺直接生产道路沥青的可行性。试验结果表明,在脱沥青油收率增加的同时,脱油沥青的道路石油沥青性质明显改善,因此可优化炼油厂的工艺组合。研究方法对于加工石蜡基或非石蜡基原油的炼油厂具有指导意义。     

国内简讯

辽河渣油生产道路沥青的探讨辽河原油根据关键馏分特性分类属于低硫、中间-石蜡基原油.辽河原油除高升油区原油含沥青质较多,但从油田输出的混合原油的沥青质含量很低与大庆原油相近.这类原油得到的减压渣油较难达到100号道路石油沥青规格,只能用如半氧化、溶剂脱沥青及调合法来达到道路石油沥青的规格. 辽河原油减压渣油的软化点较大庆渣油高10℃     

用溶剂脱沥青方法从中东和土哈减压渣油中生产高等级道路沥青

用溶剂脱沥青方法从中东和土哈减压渣油中生产高等级道路沥青黄伟祈中石化石油化工科学研究院（北京市１０００８３）经过１０多年的努力，我国石油道路沥青的产量稳步增长，质量也不断提高；不仅能生产出普通的道路沥青，而且还从国内原油研制出适合铺设高速公路的高等级...     

催化裂化油浆交联缩合生产道路沥青研究

催化裂化油浆利用与优质道路沥青生产结合是研究最多的油浆利用技术方案之一,在这些技术方案中,由于油浆的缩合程度低,油浆主要作为一种软组分与其他组分调合生产合格道路沥青,但多数企业缺乏调合沥青的高软化点硬组分,所以限制了这类技术方案的应用。为此,利用交联缩合反应技术对油浆用于生产道路沥青进行了研究:在油浆中加入交联剂使油浆进行交联缩合反应,缩合后的油浆经过减压蒸馏脱出部分轻组分后的蒸馏残油与普通减压渣油直接调合道路沥青。研究结果表明,油浆经过交联缩合反应后,缩合油浆的黏度增加,缩合油浆蒸馏残油的软化点高于对应的未缩合油浆的软化点,因此利用缩合油浆的蒸馏残油与一般的减压渣油,可以直接调合出90号B和70号B道路沥青。     

提高塔河原油所产沥青闪点的技术研究

针对塔河原油所产沥青闪点低的情况,对影响沥青闪点的因素进行分析,并提出提高沥青闪点的措施。通过分析塔河原油的性质,并与科威特原油性质进行比较,认为沥青质含量过高是导致减压渣油闪点低的主要原因。通过优化原料及工艺,采用塔河原油掺炼催化裂化油浆的强化蒸馏技术,可显著提高沥青产品的闪点。工业生产中掺炼1%催化裂化油浆,减压渣油闪点可提高1.6 ℃,将所得减压渣油再与母液调合,可生产高品质的道路石油沥青,同时可以使中国石油化工股份有限公司丰富的催化裂化油浆得到更合理的应用。     

春风和塔河减压渣油调合生产优质道路沥青的研究

通过对北疆春风环烷基稠油和南疆塔河重质原油减压渣油性质研究，发现两种减压渣油具有显著不同的组成和性质，二者调合具有很好的互补性，四组分匹配更趋合理。调合沥青针入度随塔河减压渣油加入量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势，选择适宜针入度的原料及调合比例，可以制备出不同牌号且高低温性能优异的A级道路沥青。工业试验产品性质不仅符合A级沥青技术指标要求，而且产品软化点、动力黏度（60℃）、延伸度（10℃）、薄膜烘箱试验后残留针入度比均明显高于指标要求。通过试验路验证调合沥青路用性能优良，与同类沥青相比表现出更好的使用性能。?     

道路沥青标准与道路沥青生产

对道路沥青及现行道路沥青标准指旨标合理性进行了讨论，并对现行的道路沥青标准的制定、道路沥青标准与生产之间关系进行了分析。通过不同基属原油经不同生产工艺生产的道路沥青针入度、软化点、延度指标之间的关系，指出延度与针入度没有比较明确的对应关系．讨论了ＧＢ／Ｔ１５１８０—９４标准中以升入度２０为间隔进行的分级可能对生产造成的问题．提出了普通和高等级道路沥青指标的修改建议。     

二连原油生产高等级道路沥青的室内试验研究

介绍了以二连原油减压渣油脱油沥青、油浆及＞４００℃油浆组分为原料，用调合法在实验室中研制高等级道路沥青的过程，以及试验沥青产品的性质分析结果，结果表明用上述原料及方法可以试制出各项指标均符合国标要求的高等级道路沥青。     

二连原油渣油溶剂脱沥青—调合法生产100号道路沥青的试验

用二连原油减压渣油脱油沥青分别与渣油、催化裂化油浆进行了调制道路沥青试验．发现或化点６３～８３．５℃的脱油沥青与渣油及油浆调合均能制得软化点、针入度、延伸度指标符合国家标准的１００号道路沥青．介绍了调制过程中各组分比例及所获沥青的质量指标．     

第六次全国石油沥青技术交流会论文(题录)

第六次全国石油沥青技术交流会论文（题录）序号作者论文题目收稿日期１刘智强国内外石油沥青的生产和利用９７—０３—０１２封期一高硫原油减压渣油利用及生产高等级道路沥青９７—０３—１７３朱三棣沥青情报站给我们插上腾飞的翅膀９７—０３—１７４汪太龙、张玉贞欢...     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.