熔体初始温度对液态金属Ni凝固过程中微观结构演变影响的模拟研究

采用量子 Sutton-Chen多体势, 对熔体初始温度热历史条件对液态金属Ni快速凝固过程中微观结构演变的影响进行了分子动力学模拟研究. 采用双体分布函数g(r)曲线、键型指数法、原子团类型指数法和三维可视化等分析方法对凝固过程中微观结构的演变进行了分析. 结果表明: 熔体初始温度对凝固微结构有显著影响, 但在液态和过冷态时的影响并不明显, 只有在结晶转变温度T_c附近才开始充分显现出来. 体系在1×10¹² K/s的冷速下, 最终均形成以1421和1422键型或面心立方(12 0 0 0 12 0)与六角密集(12 0 0 0 6 6) 基本原子团为主的晶态结构. 末态时, 不同初始温度体系中的主要键型和团簇的数目有很大的变化范围, 且与熔体初始温度的高低呈非线性变化关系. 然而, 体系能量随初始温度呈线性变化关系, 初始温度越高, 末态能量越低, 其晶化程度越高. 通过三维可视化分析进一步发现, 在初始温度较高的体系中, 同类团簇结构的原子出现明显的分层聚集现象, 随着初始温度的下降, 这种分层现象将被弥散开去. 可视化分析将更有助于对凝固过程中微观结构演变进行更为深入的研究. 关键词： 液态金属Ni 熔体初始温度 微观结构 分子动力学模拟     

格子Boltzmann守恒型非平衡态的外推边界

针对非平衡态外推边界处理方法在某些条件下发生质量泄漏的问题,结合质量守恒定律对其进行修正,建立一种新的质量守恒型的边界处理格式.其基本思想是在边界处定义一个虚拟密度来修正平衡态分布函数,使得系统质量守恒.以重力作用下的密度场及磁流体模拟问题为例,利用该格式进行分析,讨论质量泄露问题的本质及各种因素的影响.通过对三种典型的流动:二维Poiseuille流、Couette流、Womersley流的模拟,验证该边界格式的计算精度和稳定性.     

微尺度振荡Couette流的格子Boltzmann模拟

采用有效多松弛时间-格子Boltzmann方法(Effective MRT-LBM)数值模拟了微尺度条件下的振荡Couette和Poiseuille流动. 在微流动LBM中引入Knudsen边界层模型,对松弛时间进行修正. 模拟时平板或外力以正弦周期振动,Couette流中考虑了单平板振动、上下板同相振动这两类情况. 研究结果表明,修正后的MRT-LBM模型能有效用于这类非平衡的微尺度流动模拟;对于Couette流,随着Kn数的增大,壁面滑移效应变得越明显. St越大,板间速度剖面的非线性特性越剧烈;两板同相振荡时,若Kn,St均较小,板间流体受到平板拖动剪切的影响很小,板间速度几乎重叠在一起;在振荡Poiseuille流动中,St数增大到一定值时,相位滞后现象减弱;相对于Kn数,St数对振荡Couette 和Poiseuille流中不同位置处速度相位差的产生有较大影响. 关键词： 格子Boltzmann方法 有效MRT模型 Knudsen层 振荡流     

Couette流和空腔粘性流的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

采用13速六方格子Boltzmann方法研究Couette流和空腔粘性流，模拟了在Pr=0．91，Re=100，5000，及Pr=0．91，1，1．25而Re=3000情况下Couette流流场的速度、温度分布，研究了热输运过程；同时用该模型模拟了高雷诺数的空腔粘性流流场演化稳定后，形成的涡旋的形状及腔内温度分布情况。     

跨声速流函数方程强隐式解及确定密度场的新方案

基于人工可压缩性对密度的修正,本文用强隐式格式快速求解了非正交曲线坐标系下跨声速流函数方程;在流函数场解出后,通过求解一个由动量方程、能量方程和连续方程组合而成的关于密度的一阶偏微分方程来获得密度场,因此流函数解法中常遇到的密度双值问题在这里已不存在;通常所讲的完成流函数场{Ψ}与密度场{ρ}间的迭代在本文便体现在流函数主方程与这个新推出的一阶微分方程间的迭代计算上;几个典型算例表明了本方法的有效性。     

运动级联型三能级原子双光子过程的熵演化

研究了运动级联型三能级原子与单模场双光子相互作用过程中场(原子)熵的演化特性. 讨论了当运动原子初始处于相干叠加态时,原子运动、场模函数、初始场的平均光子数n对场熵演化的影响. 结果表明：熵演化的周期依赖于原子的运动和场模函数的取值,而初始场的平均光子数n只影响最大和次最小熵值,不改变熵演化的周期. 关键词： 双光子 运动Ξ型三能级原子 熵     

柔性管内油水环状流流动结构数值模拟

海洋中柔性管道受到外界猛烈撞击,撞击物的不同会导致管道内流道结构发生不同的改变.为探寻流道结构变化对环状流动结构的影响规律,采用N-S方程和湍流模型描述流体运动,用VoF模型与CSF模型追踪油水界面,建立数值方程与分析模型,分析流道不同形式的结构变形、不同程度变形和不同流速下油水环状流在管内的湍动能和漩涡结构演变,及环状流流型的演变和压力场的演变.分析结果表明:凹陷变形程度越大,漩涡的强度及面积越大,V形变形影响远大于○形变形影响,环状流的流型发生改变时仍然保持着水相包裹油相的稳定状态,最大压缩区域的油水界面压强也随之增大,且增速变大.所得结论对研究油水环状流在柔性管道运输中的稳定性具有一定指导意义.      

展向旋转平面库埃特湍流瞬时场的五分解方法

展向旋转平面库埃特湍流是旋转系统下壁湍流研究的经典问题,并且此湍流问题中的大尺度涡卷(roll cells)结构也受到广泛关注.本文采用五分解方法将存在二次流的瞬时场分解为五部分,包括平均流场、二次流场的流向和横向部分以及剩余场的流向和横向部分.通过五分解法,可以掌握湍动能各分量在能量平衡和能量传递方面的重要机制.研究结果表明:二次流和剩余场的流向运动(横向运动)是通过二次流涡量与剩余场剪应力相关项进行能量传递,二次流(剩余场)的流向运动和横向运动之间是通过旋转项进行能量传递;此外,剩余场的流向和横向运动之间还通过压力与应变率相关的再分配项进行能量传递;对于剩余场流向部分,在一定的旋转强度范围内,通过二次流涡量与剩余场剪应力相关项从二次流流向部分获取的能量大于从平均流获取的能量,说明二次流流向运动对剩余场流向运动有很大影响.     

广义非线性薛定谔方程描述的波坍缩及其演变

介绍了广义非线性薛定谔方程, 并且运用分步傅里叶方法进行了数值求解. 在外部势场一定的情况下, 给定系统一个小的初始扰动, 讨论了广义非线性薛定谔方程中复系数p, q 对波场演变过程的影响. 通过数值研究发现波场会相继出现调制不稳定性、波坍缩、逆级联以及整个空间的湍流现象. 而当改变非线性频移系数的量级时, 数值研究发现在波坍缩之后出现了逆级联, 最终系统的能量主要凝聚在3个不同波矢终端的附近区域.     

杆型SFRFQ结构的研究

RFO加速结构是一种非常巧妙的低能强流加速结构,但是它存在能量上限问题.而杆型SFRFQ加速结构是一种改进的无反场的SFRFQ结构.对分离作用杆型RFQ加速结构在能量增益和横向稳定性两个方面进行了研究,最后还和光阑型SFRFQ结构进行了一些简单的比较 关键词： 能量上限问题 RFQ 杆型SFRFQ 反场 光阑型SFRFQ     

Magnetic fluid behavior in uniform DC,AC, and rotating magnetic fields

New flows and instabilities are demonstrated for magnetic fluids and by dual analogy to dielectric fluids. If a fluid drop is contained in a thin gap between two glass plates (Hele–Shaw cell) with a simultaneously applied in-plane rotating field and a DC axial field, smooth spirals or an abrupt transformation to many small droplets can occur. A preliminary minimum magnetization and surface energy analysis is presented to model the abrupt transformation in ferrofluids. An analysis of effective DC magnetoviscosity is also presented for planar Couette flow with an applied uniform DC field transverse to a duct axis with the effective magnetoviscosity and flow spin velocity calculated as a function of field strength. Related Couette viscometer measurements of ferrofluid viscosity show zero and negative magnetoviscosity values for rotating magnetic fields.     

Investigation of Turbulent Transition in Plane Couette Flows Using Energy Gradient Method

The energy gradient method has been proposed with the aim of better understanding the mechanism of flow transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow. In this method, it is demonstrated that the transition to turbulence depends on the relative magnitudes of the transverse gradient of the total mechanical energy which amplifies the disturbance and the energy loss from viscous friction which damps the disturbance, for given imposed disturbance. For a given flow geometry and fluid properties, when the maximum of the function $K$ (a function standing for the ratio of the gradient of total mechanical energy in the transverse direction to the rate of energy loss due to viscous friction in the streamwise direction) in the flow field is larger than a certain critical value, it is expected that instability would occur for some initial disturbances. In this paper, using the energy gradient analysis, the equation for calculating the energy gradient function $K$ for plane Couette flow is derived. The result indicates that $K$ reaches the maximum at the moving walls. Thus, the fluid layer near the moving wall is the most dangerous position to generate initial oscillation at sufficient high $\operatorname{Re}$ for given same level of normalized perturbation in the domain. The critical value of $K$ at turbulent transition, which is observed from experiments, is about 370 for plane Couette flow when two walls move in opposite directions (anti-symmetry). This value is about the same as that for plane Poiseuille flow and pipe Poiseuille flow (385-389). Therefore, it is concluded that the critical value of $K$ at turbulent transition is about 370-389 for wall-bounded parallel shear flows which include both pressure (symmetrical case) and shear driven flows (anti-symmetrical case).     

Energy inconsistency of Galerkin approximationsfor plane Couette flow

For classical solutions of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations (NSE) the energybalance between kinetic energy, work done by external forces, and viscous dissipation holds rigorously true. It is shown in this paper that standard Galerkin approximations violate energy balance in the case of plane Couette flow, whereas Poiseuille flow turns out to be energy consistent at any cutoff. The main reason for this discrepancy is seen in the different boundary conditions between the stationary linear shear flow and its disturbances. In our analysis, essentially, we introduce an auxiliary external force field which enforces the finite dimensional Galerkin approximation to fulfil the NSE. It is exemplarily demonstrated how the energy discrepancy decreases when the number of disturbed modes is increased which couple to the stationary shear flow.     

剪切流中液滴变形断裂机理的实验研究

本文描述了剪切流动中牛顿液滴在不相溶连续体相中的变形断裂的机理,采用逆向旋转透明Couette装置及微距摄相技术研究剪切流动中液滴的断裂.实验结果表明液滴的断裂取决于毛细数和粘度比,并通过三种机理得以实现:颈缩、端部夹断和毛细不稳定性.实验结果揭示了产生毛细断裂时的临界液线直径、无量纲毛细波长与剪切率和初始液滴尺寸关系.     

Negative differential viscosity in magnetic suspensions

Recent experiments have shown that the dependence of the macroscopic viscous stress on the mean velocity gradient during the Couette flow of concentrated magnetic suspensions in an external magnetic field is N-shaped. As the field strength is decreased, the amplitude of the N-shaped curve decreases and in the absence of the field, the stress monotonically increases with the shear velocity. A model is proposed to explain the shape of the rheological curve. The model assumes that the magnetic field initiates the formation of dense aggregates in a suspension, which connect the opposite walls of a measurement cell. In the Couette flow, the friction of aggregates on the cell walls causes their deviation from the applied magnetic field through an angle determined by the velocity of the relative motion of the walls. For large enough velocities, the aggregates are detached from the wall and are destroyed by viscous forces. It is shown that the friction of aggregates on cell walls results in the initial increasing and decreasing part of the N-shaped rheogram, while the flow after the detachment of aggregates corresponds to its right increasing part.     

Couette flow in ferrofluids with magnetic field

Instability of a viscous, incompressible ferrofluid flow in an annular space between two coaxially rotating cylinders in the presence of axial magnetic field has been investigated numerically. The magnetic field perturbations in fluid in the gap between the cylinders have been taken into consideration and these have been observed to stabilize the Couette flow.     

Effect of Hall current on the velocity and temperature distributions of Couette flow with variable properties

The unsteady hydromagnetic Couette flow and heat transfer between two parallel porous plates is studied with the Hall effect and temperature dependent properties. The fluid is acted upon by a constant pressure gradient and an external uniform magnetic field as well as uniform suction and injection applied perpendicular to the parallel plates. A numerical solution for the governing non-linear equations of motion and the energy equation are obtained. The effect of the Hall term and the temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity on both velocity and temperature distributions is examined.     

Flow of a Jeffery-Six Constant Fluid Between Coaxial Cylinders withHeat Transfer Analysis

In the present investigation we have discussed the flow of a Jeffrey-six constant incompressible fluid between two infinite coaxial cylinders in the presence of heat transfer analysis. The governing equations of Jeffrey-six constant fluid along with energy equation have been derived in cylindrical coordinates. The highly nonlinear equations are simplified with the help of non-dimensional parameters and then solved analytically with the help of homotopy analysis method (HAM) for two fundamental flows namely Couette and Generalized Couette flow. The effects of emerging parameters are discussed through graphs. The convergence of the HAM solution has been discussed by plotting h-curves.     

High magnetic shear gain in a liquid sodium stable Couette flow experiment: a prelude to an α-Ω dynamo

The Ω phase of the liquid sodium α-Ω dynamo experiment at New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in cooperation with Los Alamos National Laboratory has demonstrated a high toroidal field B(?) that is ?8×B(r), where B(r) is the radial component of an applied poloidal magnetic field. This enhanced toroidal field is produced by the rotational shear in stable Couette flow within liquid sodium at a magnetic Reynolds number Rm?120. Small turbulence in stable Taylor-Couette flow is caused by Ekman flow at the end walls, which causes an estimated turbulence energy fraction of (δv/v)(2)～10(-3).     

The structure of a planar nematic liquid crystal in an oscillating Couette flow beyond the stability threshold

The deformation of a nematic liquid crystal with a planar molecule alignment under the effect of an oscillating Couette flow is theoretically described. The case of external action with amplitudes exceeding the instability threshold of the initial crystal structure is considered. The effect is analyzed by the perturbation method on the basis of the nonlinear equations of nematodynamics. The type and magnitude of the NLC structure distortions are determined as functions of the frequency and amplitude of shear.