木质素磺酸盐两性高分子聚合物合成及应用

以木质素磺酸盐、丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为原料,通过接枝共聚,制得木质素磺酸盐两性絮凝剂(LDA),得到了最佳合成工艺条件:反应温度50℃,共聚时间6h,固含量20%,引发剂质量分数0.1%,单体与木质素磺酸盐质量比4∶1,AM与DMDAAC质量比2∶1.产品LDA的特性黏度为635.2mL/g,接枝效率为99.2%,阳离子度为26.8%.利用红外、氢核磁共振和扫描电镜对其结构进行了表征.对4种污水进行絮凝处理,COD均达到排放标准,同时产品具有良好的耐温、耐盐性.     

木质素开发利用研究(Ⅰ)——木质素与苯乙烯的接枝共聚

在Ce(SO_4)_2·7H_2O—H_2O_2催化剂存在下,进行了木质素与苯乙烯的接枝共聚,研究了各种聚合条件,即催化刺浓度、pH值、聚合时间和温度等因素对接枝共聚反应的影响,并对其机理作了初步探讨。     

微波辐射下有机混合溶剂提取芝麻杆中木质素

采用1,4-丁二醇与丙三醇的混合溶剂作为萃取剂,微波辐射从芝麻秆中提取木质素.研究了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、固液比和萃取剂质量分数对芝麻杆中木质素提取率的影响,运用L9(34)正交试验对提取条件进行了优化.结果表明,影响木质素提取率的主次因素为微波辐射功率、萃取剂浓度、微波辐射时间及固液比.最佳提取条件:微波辐射功率900W,微波辐射时间40min,固液比1∶12(g∶mL),萃取剂质量分数ω=90%,木质素的萃取率为65.3%.萃取剂蒸馏除去水分可重复循环使用.     

木质素与异氰酸酯基聚丙烯酸酯的接枝共聚研究

制备木质素的接枝共聚物是利用木质素的有效途径之一。采用大分子接枝反应方式制备了木质素-丙烯酸酯接枝共聚物,研究反应物分子量与接枝反应概率、接枝共聚物的分子结构之间的关系。结果表明:丙烯酸酯共聚物的接枝接近完全;木质素参与反应的概率与分子量有关,高分子量者最高,低分子量者次之,中等分子量者最低;低分子量木质素与聚丙烯酸酯形成以聚丙烯酸酯为主链的悬挂式接枝共聚物,较高分子量木质素则与聚丙烯酸酯形成以木质素为核的包覆式接枝共聚物,两者往往共存于同一接枝分子中;接枝产物中基本不存在交联结构。     

木质素-丙烯腈接枝共聚物及其水解产物吸水性能的研究

本文以硫酸亚铁-过氧化氢-硝酸铈铵体系为引发剂,研究了丙烯腈在木质素上发生的接枝聚合作用,并用红外光谱吸收法测定了接枝共聚物。将此接枝共聚物以热水和二甲基甲酰胺提取,去除均聚物后,于120℃皂化,得到水分散性良好的接枝共聚物。实验表明,接枝共聚物水解时,碱的浓度和体积对产物的吸水率有较大影响,水解产物的吸水率受溶液中无机盐的影响,但比以淀粉为基质的接枝物的吸水性能的影响小。     

磷酸法木质素基活性炭活化过程研究

以玉米芯木质素为原料,采用磷酸活化法制备木质素基活性炭.结合FTIR、低温氮吸附、拉曼光谱等表征手段,探究了不同活化温度(300～600℃)及磷酸与木质素质量比(1～3)对活性炭孔隙结构的影响,并探究磷酸活化木质素的反应机理.对比研究了有无磷酸作用下木质素受热过程中气体产物的变化规律.实验结果表明,磷酸降低了木质素中官能团的断键温度,使得CO、CO_2和CH_4的生成温度降低;促进了高温下(500℃)木质素半焦的缩聚,使高温下H_2生成量增多;中孔和微孔在350℃以上开始发展,在500℃孔隙最为发达,温度的进一步升高使得孔体积减小;磷酸与木质素质量比增大可以提高中孔率.在活化温度500℃和磷酸与木质素质量比2～3条件下,制得活性炭比表面积达1 046 m~2/g,收率55%.     

引发剂对木质素磺酸盐接枝丙烯酸的影响

研究了三种常用引发体系对木质素磺酸盐接枝丙烯酸反应的影响；通过比较三种接枝共聚产物的接枝率和阻垢性能，得出选用Fe^2＋-H2O2为该合成反应的引发体系较优的结论。     

木质素磺酸盐与丙烯酸接枝改性

以粘度和产率为表征量,研究了不同引发剂对木质素磺酸钠与丙烯酸接枝共聚反应的影响;采用最佳引发剂K2S2O8,通过三因素三水平正交试验研究了引发剂用量、温度、单体丙烯酸用量对接枝共聚物粘度的影响,确定了优化的工艺条件,合成出阻垢剂LA;并对原料及改性产物结构进行了红外光谱分析;通过电镜分析及阻垢率的测定对接枝共聚物的阻垢性能及机理进行了探讨.结果表明,该反应的优化条件是:ω(K2S2O8)=2%,反应温度: 80 ℃,丙烯酸用量:8%,改性后产物LA对碳酸钙等晶体产生了晶格畸变作用,阻垢性能明显提高,是一种优良的绿色阻垢剂.     

羟基自由基活性氧处理机械草浆分离半纤维素和木质素

基于生物质精炼与制浆相结合的构想,采用羟基自由基活性氧处理机械草浆,分离半纤维素和木质素,探讨了温度（T）、反应时间（t）、H₂O₂浓度质量分数（w）和固液比（r）等因素对半纤维素、木质素提取效果的影响。实验结果表明：在T=160℃,t=2h,w(H₂O₂)=1.5%,r=5g/L的反应条件下,半纤维素和木质素脱除率最高,分别达到82.68%,91.22%。     

从蔗渣碱法制纸浆黑液中提取木质素

本文采用ＳＯ２酸化法提取蔗渣碱法制纸浆黑液中的木质素,探讨黑液中木质素的ＳＯ２酸化沉析特性,通过分析蔗渣木质素的紫外吸收光谱特性测定其提取率,考察了影响木质素分离提取的条件因素,提出提取木质素的最佳工艺条件     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with