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层序划分的关键是层序界面的确定,无论是高级别的层序还是层序内部单元,都是以关键沉积或地层等时界面为边界的。由于海侵或者大规模水进水退导致的区域侵蚀面、事件性沉积在陆表海盆地充填中比较发育,因此,大面积水域扩张和退缩导致的大面积水流冲刷界面、沉积体系的大规模转换界面、盆地转折时期大面积的水流冲刷和河流复活形成的下切谷充填界面等都是层序划分的重要界面。煤层的形成是一个特殊的沉积事件,它可能是一个事件的结束,也可能是一个沉积事件的开始,因此也可能是划分层序的重要依据。将本溪组至下石盒子组划分出9个三级层序,4个二级层序。陆表海盆地三级层序为海侵体系域高位体系域二个单元组成;盆地转换期的沉积充填层序,以及陆相盆地三级层序均为低位、水侵和高位体系域三元结构层序。海侵成煤和事件成煤是鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代煤聚积的基本特色。 相似文献
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在层序地层学研究中,海进(transgrssion)常被认为是快速形成的,序列简单,并以少量沉积为特征。对塔里木盆地下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组痕迹化石及沉积特征研究表明,海进期沉积及海进体系域比人们想象的要复杂,由三类沉积组成:(1)与海进侵蚀有关,包括海进滞留沉积,发育固底控制Glossifungites痕迹相;(2)与海进初期的海面缓慢上升或总体海进过程中的静止期有关,包括前滨和临滨砂泥岩,发育Skolithos痕迹相和近端Gruziana痕迹相;(3)与海面快速上升有关,包括滨外泥岩,发育远端Gruziana痕迹相。 相似文献
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储层构型研究方法简介 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
构型研究是沉积学和储集层地质学目前一个重要的新的研究方法。它把过去二维的模式转化为三维的模式,对解决储集层(体)的不均匀性提出了新的途径。该方法是著名河流沉积学家Miall(1985,1988)提出的。现不少学者运用该方法解决各地区的沉积学和储集层(体)的问题。构型研究从选择构型体到构型单元的研究,直到运用,已有系统的理论和步骤。本文为提倡和推广该方法,向研究者们作一系统介绍。 相似文献
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通过内蒙古固阳渣尔泰山群的岩性、岩相和相序研究,对其进行了层序分析和层序划分,识别出一级、二级、三级层序界面,包括海侵沟蚀面和暴露-淹没复合型层序界面。共划分出1个超层序,3个大层序和8个层序。总结出渣尔泰山群的不同古地理背景如碎屑滨岸、台缘碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩混积、碳酸盐台地、台前斜坡和陆棚盆地层序发育模式以及内部构成特征,并探讨了复合海平面变化以及对层序发育和演化的控制作用。 相似文献
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An examination of the characteristics of Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits shows that these deposits have many similarities which appear to be structurally controlled. To define the relationship between the ore deposits and these structural conditions, trend-surface analysis using the Precambrian surface as the datum plane was performed within the general Missouri area. Examination of the residual maps prepared from this analysis shows that all the ore deposits have the same spatial relationship to areas of strong residual highs. A more detailed study was conducted in the area of the Viburnum Trend using a datum plane just below the ore horizon. The spatial relationship shown on the Precambrian residual map was even better defined in this study. From this study, it appears that the optimum structural conditions necessary for the deposition of Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits exist in regions located next to and slightly downgradient from areas which exceed one positive standard deviation from the trend surface. The methods described in this paper could comprise an extremely useful tool in exploration programs as they can define high probability locations in which to concentrate further exploration efforts.This paper was presented at Symposium 116.3, Quantitative Strategy for Exploration, held as part of the 25th International Geological Congress, Sydney, Australia, August 1976. 相似文献
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目的 研究障碍沉积的成因类型及其沉积特征,对确定古水流方向有新的启示,砾质障碍沉积可成为判断河道沉积微相的重要判别标志之一。 方法 通过对准噶尔盆地南缘安集海河、头屯河现代砾质河流的沉积考察,对砾质河床发育的障碍沉积进行了详细的描述和测量,分析了砾质障碍沉积的沉积模式和形成机理。 结果 研究表明,砾质障碍沉积的形态可划分为锥状沉积、梭状沉积、似圆状沉积和横向脊沉积4种模式。锥状沉积是单一大砾石作为障碍物,砾石后有细粒的沉积物脊,沉积物脊的长度与砾石前的冲刷范围之比应在2∶1,沉积物脊的长轴指示水流方向。梭状沉积是单一大砾石作为障碍物,片状砾石在障碍砾石前进行叠瓦状堆积,障碍砾石后形成沉积物脊。似圆状沉积是多个大小相近的砾石作为障碍物的主体,在似圆状中心存在“U”字形以颗粒支撑的细砾岩。横向脊沉积是大的砾石在河道侧面或中心堆积形成滩坝,整体作为障碍物,控制着河流边界。 结论 对准噶尔盆地喀拉扎组砾岩层出露的障碍沉积现象精细划分,建立了砾质障碍沉积的识别标志,为河流沉积学提供新的基础数据。 相似文献
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云南鹤庆锰矿含矿岩系的马尔柯夫过程分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
云南鹤庆锰矿的成因为火山(气液)-沉积型,其含矿岩系为上三叠统松桂组(T_3S)。将该组地层,从岩石类型及微量元素组合等两个方面,分别划分为5—6个状态,用马尔柯夫过程分析进行研究,结果表明该组地层的沉积具明显的海侵旋回特点。由此可以判定,在鹤庆矿区的松桂组中的一段厚度大于100m的细—粗粒长石砂岩层,以置于该组底部比较合理。这一结果,对于正确认识矿区基本地质特征是十分有意义的。 相似文献
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采用沉积学、煤地质学、古生物学、地层学及地球化学等多技术手段,结合比较分析法的思路,分析了事件型海侵的特点和海侵事件沉积组合特征,研究发现:海侵事件沉积组合为区域对比性强、具沉积时间连续性与相序间断性的暴露沉积—煤层—灰岩组合,其关键沉积学特征是煤层底板的暴露沉积.海侵事件组合灰岩的古生化石个体小、破碎强烈等特征表现为高能量水体运动等环境,孢粉表现为低含量的单缝孢和裸子植物及高含量的三缝孢.地球化学分析表明暴露沉积为陆相环境,煤层中的微量元素表现为海相主要原因是由于泥炭沼泽覆于深水后受海水影响所致.海侵事件成煤与海侵过程成煤差异体现在两个方面:第一,盆地属性差异,即海侵事件成煤形成于陆表海盆地之中,而海侵过程成煤则形成于具有缓坡的边缘海盆地,第二,成煤原理存在着差异,海侵事件成煤强调的是成煤前海侵未发生前的碎屑体系废弃而发育大量泥炭沼泽且被后期突发性海侵终止,而海侵过程成煤则强调的是泥炭沼泽发育于滨海的活动碎屑体系并终止于后期的缓慢海平面上升. 相似文献
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在世界范围内,前寒武纪条带状铁建造中除产出大量贫铁矿和富铁矿外,常共生和伴生许多金属和非金属矿产,特别是金、锰、铅锌铜和镍以及硫铁矿等矿床,其中不少达到大型和超大型规模,其经济价值超过铁矿床本身,在一些国家的国民经济中占有重要位置。我国前寒武纪鞍山式条带状铁建造除主要产出贫铁矿和少量富铁矿外,少数地区也已发现伴生金矿床。但目前已知多属于中小型矿床,大型金矿床和其他金属矿床迄今为止尚未发现,从综合找矿角度,应重视和加强这些矿床的研究和进一步寻找,一旦有新发现,一矿变多矿,在找矿中必将有重大突破。本文主要介绍国内外目前对这些矿床的研究现状和基本地质特征,为目前我国的找矿工作提供借鉴,扩大找矿思路。 相似文献
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Abstract The Panther Tongue of the Star Point Formation in central Utah contains a variety of transgressive lag deposits that, when mapped regionally, show a sensitive dependence upon pre‐existing topography of the palaeoshoreline. The Panther Tongue consists of a coarsening‐upward sandstone wedge that prograded into the Western Interior Seaway during Late Cretaceous (Santonian) time. High‐resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis revealed that this member was deposited during the long‐distance (>50 km) regression and transgression of a delta into shallow‐marine environments, containing basal highstand, forced regression, lowstand and transgressive systems tracts. Based on grain size, clast composition, lateral extent and stratigraphic position, the coarse sandstones on top of the Panther Tongue were classified into four types: (1) simple; (2) dispersed; (3) oxidized; and (4) local lags. The simple lag is composed of dark grey coarse sandstone with oyster fragments and shark teeth. This lag is typically extensively bioturbated and massive. Laminated and cross‐bedded units are also common. This type of coarse sandstone is interpreted as a typical transgressive lag. The dispersed lag differs in that it contains abundant mud and commonly occurs as multiple beds in thick intervals of muddy sandstone. Mixing of bay/estuarine and shallow ‐ marine mud with simple lag sand may be responsible for deposition of this type of coarse sandstone. The oxidized lag is distinctive in its reddish colour with extensive bioturbation and is commonly overlain by a simple lag. The local lag is composed of thin‐bedded, dark grey, coarse sandstone, occurring locally between the mouth bar and distributary channel. The variation in types, grain size and bed thickness of the coarse‐grained lags was mainly controlled by antecedent topography as suggested by immediately underlying lithofacies. Relatively thick (≈30 cm) simple lags are present on top of mouth‐bar sandstones, whereas dispersed lags are common on top of the distributary channel sandstone and in bay/estuarine and shallow‐marine mudstones. Erosion of topographic highs (mouth bar) resulted in relatively thick accumulation of simple lags. In topographic low areas such as distributary channel, estuary, bay and shallow‐marine environments, fine‐grained muddy sands that were eroded from the nearby topographic highs were redeposited. Intermittent storm waves transported coarse sands both landward and seaward, forming a dispersed lag. The net effect was reworking of local topographic relief during overall transgression, forming an apparently planar transgressive surface of erosion. 相似文献
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N. A. Shilo 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2007,1(5):495-502
The problem of the origin of the Witwatersrand gold-uranium deposit is considered. The fluvial and explosion hydrothermal origin of pyrite spheroids and Au-bearing pseudoconglomerate is denied. Evidence for the primary character of spheroids and the autochthonous crystallization of pyrite under endogenic conditions is furnished. The association of gold with carbonaceous rocks is interpreted in terms of the nuclear magnetic physicochemical phenomena. It is concluded that the Witwatersrand deposit is a hydrothermal metasomatic deposit. 相似文献
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试述华东南中新生代不整合面型铀矿床 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在华东南产出大量中新生代热液型铀矿床,其主要地质特征与世界上众所周知的元古代不整合型铀矿床十分相似。作者描述了这些热液型铀矿床的地质特征,讨论了其地质背景及可能的成矿机制,并认为,这类铀矿床可命名为中新生代不整合面型铀矿床。 相似文献
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依据广东省中山地区3个标准孔岩心材料的AMS(加速器质谱)14C测年、微体古生物有孔虫、介形类、硅藻分析,海相双壳类、腹足类鉴定,沉积构造、沉积物颜色特征,结合已经报道的万顷沙钻孔研究成果,确定小榄镇—万顷沙地区东西向4个钻孔揭露了珠江河口地区LGM(末次盛冰期)河间地与古河谷区两类古地貌单元。由于处在较闭塞的地理位置,下切河谷从9 ka BP(14C 日历年龄)开始接受泥质沉积物充填,不同于长江三角洲和中国北方沿海平原古河谷充填的砂质沉积;大约7 cal ka BP 出现最大海侵,导致在古河间地LGM风化层之上发生海侵超覆,随后三角洲开始形成。按照河流层序与海面变化对应关系,没有发现海相微体生物的完整河流旋回应该对应MIS(深海氧同位素阶段)3海侵。基于对埋藏阶地的考虑,以及30年来测年技术对这段地层无法取得突破,认为存在着这样的可能性:即区域自上而下第2厚层富铝质红色风化层属于MIS4低水位域沉积,最底部见少量海相双壳类、腹足类的富有机质河口湾沉积单元可能属于MIS5晚期。 相似文献