Antilisterial activity of lactic acid bacteria inoculated on cooked ham

This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus sakei 1, a bacteriocin-producing (bac⁺) lactic acid bacterium (LAB), isolated from Brazilian fresh pork sausage to inhibit two Listeria monocytogenes strains (serotypes 4b and 1/2a) on cooked, sliced vacuum-packaged ham. L. sakei ATCC 15521 was used as a non-bacteriocin producer (bac⁻). L. monocytogenes (ca. 2 log CFU/mL) and LAB (ca. 6 log CFU/ml) were inoculated on the sterilized ham, vacuum-sealed and incubated at 8 °C for 10 days. A treatment with the bacteriocin Chrisin (UI/ml) was included. Both L. monocytogenes strains were significantly inhibited in the presence of either bac⁺ and bac⁻ LAB in comparison to the control (L. monocytogenes alone). Using a bacteriocinogenic strain of LAB did not offer an additional barrier to listerial growth in the studied meat system. The application of Chrisin did not affect at all the growth of L. monocytogenes.     

乳酸菌与酵母菌对牦牛酸乳品质形成的影响

为明确乳酸菌和酵母菌在牦牛酸乳品质形成中发挥的作用,以牦牛乳粉为原料、牦牛酸乳为发酵剂发酵酸乳,在发酵过程中分别抑制乳酸菌和酵母菌的活性,测定并比较正常发酵、抑制乳酸菌发酵、抑制酵母菌发酵酸乳的风味、口感、质构等相关指标。结果表明,乳酸菌和酵母菌对牦牛酸乳品质形成均起到关键作用,乳酸菌对酸乳酸度、质构、氨基酸态氮、有机酸、V_(B1)及酮类和酸类风味物质的贡献较大,酵母菌对乙醇、V_(B2)及醇类和酯类风味物质的贡献较大。     

辽西传统发酵食品中抗单增李斯特菌乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定

目的:从传统辽西发酵食品中筛选对单增李斯特菌具有良好拮抗作用的乳酸菌菌株。方法:采用双层琼脂扩散法筛选乳酸菌优良菌株。采用酸性实验、热处理实验、蛋白酶敏感性实验分析拮抗特性,利用生长曲线分析拮抗物质形成过程,扫描电镜分析细胞结构完整性。通过生理生化实验和16S rRNA序列进行菌株鉴定。结果:从13株乳酸菌中筛选出1株抗单增李斯特菌活性较强的菌株DL3,抗菌物质存在于无细胞上清液中。经胃蛋白酶处理后抑菌活性丧失了27.50%,胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶可使抑菌活性完全丧失,经121℃处理15 min后,抑菌活性仍保留96.88%,在p H2.5~6.5时具有抑菌活性,表明菌株DL3产生的抑菌物质可能为细菌素。添加菌株DL3无细胞上清液可使单增李斯特菌的生长曲线延迟期和稳定期延长4 h,显著地缩短了其生长期。扫描电镜结果表明经菌株DL3无细胞上清液处理的单增李斯特菌菌体变小且边缘模糊不清,其中一端细胞原生质发生泄漏。经鉴定菌株DL3为植物乳杆菌。结论:获得1株对单增李斯特菌有较强拮抗活性的植物乳杆菌DL3,该菌的拮抗活性物质可能为细菌素,可作为食品防腐剂潜在的应用菌株。      

乳酸菌抗氧化活性及检测方法

通过对30株乳酸菌清除DPPH自由基和抗亚油酸过氧化能力的实验,筛选出了抗氧化活性较强的乳酸菌L3和L4。从得到的两株乳酸菌分别制备无细胞提取物(菌数为1010mL-),利用6种方法对这两株乳酸菌无细胞提取物的抗氧化性能进行了检测分析,发现L31和L4可螯合Fe2+,分别为54.3×10-和41.3×10-,清除超氧自由基分别为14.9%和87.0%,清除羟自由基分别为83.5%和45.7%,并具有还原66活性。进一步研究发现乳酸菌L4SOD活性为(73.70±1.77)U/mg,但这2株乳酸菌均未检测到GSH-Px活性。     

Effect of oxidoreduction potential on aroma biosynthesis by lactic acid bacteria in nonfat yogurt

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidoreduction potential (Eh) on the biosynthesis of aroma compounds by lactic acid bacteria in non-fat yogurt. The study was done with yogurts fermented by Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. The Eh was modified by the application of different gaseous conditions (air, nitrogen, and nitrogen/hydrogen). Acetaldehyde, dimethyl sulfide, diacetyl, and pentane-2,3-dione, as the major endogenous odorant compounds of yogurt, were chosen as tracers for the biosynthesis of aroma compounds by lactic acid bacteria. Oxidative conditions favored the production of acetaldehyde, dimethyl sulfide, and diketones (diacetyl and pentane-2,3-dione). The Eh of the medium influences aroma production in yogurt by modifying the metabolic pathways of Lb. bulgaricus and Strep. thermophilus. The use of Eh as a control parameter during yogurt production could permit the control of aroma formation.     

培养时间对乳酸菌自溶影响及菌体形态学变化

乳酸菌自溶对干酪的成熟有着及其重要的意义，但对生产发酵剂却有较大的负面影响。研究了培养时间对乳酸杆菌LB-3自瘩行为的影响．研究结果表明，在迟滞期向对数生长期的过渡时期乳酸杆菌LB-3的自溶度最大，有73％的菌体发生自溶。同时利用透射电镜对乳酸杆菌LB-3在自溶期间菌体细胞所发生的形态学变化进行了观察，在自溶过程中乳酸杆菌LB-3菌体细胞变得透明，细胞质浓缩．而且部分细胞壁被自溶酶水解掉。     

产细菌素乳酸菌的选育及其抑菌特性的研究

采用牛津杯琼脂扩散法,从实验室保存的乳酸菌中筛选到具有较高抑菌活性的菌株嗜酸乳杆菌A、戊糖片球菌M和戊糖片球菌T,它们产生的抑菌物质经排除酸、过氧化氢后,仍具有抑菌活性,然而经蛋白酶处理后其抑菌活性明显下降,确定其抑菌物质为细菌素,进一步的抑菌实验表明,3株菌所产细菌素具有较宽的抑菌谱,适宜用作生物型防腐剂。     

Control of lactic acid bacteria in fermented beverages using lysozyme and nisin: test of traditional beverage boza as a model food system

The objective of this study was to increase quality and limited shelf‐life of boza (3–15 days), a traditional Balkan origin fermented beverage using lysozyme (LYS) and/or nisin (NIS). For this purpose, the effectiveness of NIS, LYS and LYS:NIS combinations was first tested in a broth medium at 4 °C for 3 weeks on Lactobacillus plantarum, one of the frequently isolated lactic acid bacteria in boza. Stability of LYS and NIS in boza, their effects on LAB counts, and chemical and sensory properties of boza were then evaluated during cold storage at 4 °C. Results of LAB counts as well as pH, d ‐ and l ‐lactic acid, and titratable acidity measurements showed that LAB in boza containing NIS (250 μg g^?1) or LYS:NIS (500:250 μg g^?1) could be controlled without reducing LAB counts below 6 log CFU mL^?1 during 2 weeks shelf‐life. In contrast, LYS (500 μg g^?1) alone could not control LAB in boza to delay its acidic spoilage. Positive effects of NIS and LYS:NIS application on quality of boza were also proved with sensory analysis by panelists and e‐nose measurements. This work showed that use of natural GRAS agents in preservation of fermented beverages containing probiotic LAB is possible without affecting their characteristic aroma and flavour.     

乳酸菌产生的拮抗物质:一类延长食品货架期的生物防腐剂

对乳酸菌产生的非蛋白类拮抗物质和蛋白类拮抗物质及其作用机制进行了论述。其中非蛋白类拮抗物质主要包括有机酸、双乙酰(丁二桐)、过氧化氢、罗伊氏素(returein)，蛋白类拮抗物质主要是细菌素，包括羊毛硫细菌素(Lantibiotis)、小分子热稳定肽(SHSP)、以及大分子热不稳定肽(LHLP)。     

酸和盐胁迫对乳酸菌活性的影响

该研究以13株食品常见乳酸菌为研究对象,考察酸和盐胁迫对其活性的影响,探究这13株乳酸菌的最适酸、盐生长条件及耐酸、耐盐能力。结果表明,适当的低盐浓度（1%、2%）对部分乳酸菌的生长有促进作用,植物乳杆菌和副干酪乳杆菌的最适盐浓度为1%,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的最适盐浓度为2%;盐浓度进一步增大,13株乳酸菌的生长受到抑制;盐浓度为10%时,除戊糖片球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、嗜热链球菌和乳酸片球菌外,其余9株菌的生长抑制率都＞95%。当pH值为5～7时,13株乳酸菌都生长良好,pH=6时,7株乳酸菌活性均最高;随着酸胁迫的增强,13株乳酸菌生长受抑制程度增大;pH为1～3时,13株乳酸菌的生长抑制率都＞90%,高盐及高酸对9株杆菌的抑制作用强于4株球菌。     

藤茶中二氢杨梅素对乳酸菌生长及活性的影响

该研究通过生长曲线和流式细胞术实验初步探索了藤茶中二氢杨梅素对嗜酸乳杆菌（Lactobacillus acidophilus）、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种（Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaria）、嗜热链球菌（Streptococcus thermophilus）三种乳酸菌生长的影响。结果表明,二氢杨梅素添加量在100～1 000 μg/mL时,对三种乳酸菌均有显著促进其生长并提高其菌液活菌数量的作用（P＜0.05）;当二氢杨梅素添加量＞1 000 μg/mL时,对三种菌的生长和菌液中活菌的数量均表现出不同程度的抑制,其中德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种对二氢杨梅素最为敏感。在发酵后的菌液分析中,未明显观察到二氢杨梅素含量的降低,说明二氢杨梅素通过对生长环境进行调节影响乳酸菌生长。     

Effect of inoculation with lactic acid bacteria on extending the shelf-life of vacuum-packed cold smoked salmon

Extending the shelf-life of vacuum-packed cold smoked salmon was tested with lactic acid bacteria. Carnobacterium spp. (10 and 39) isolated from seafood, one type strain C. piscicola NCDO 2762 and a Lactobacillus plantarum strain commonly used in meat industry, were sprayed on both sides of commercial smoked salmon slices (10⁸ CFU g⁻¹) which were vacuum packaged and stored at 4°C for up to 28 days. A control sprayed with sterile physiological saline was used. In one trial, after storage with strains 10 and 39, the smell of inoculated slices became significantly less acid, sour, amine and rancid, and more specifically salmon than the control, with maximum effect after 3 weeks. These differences were not so pronounced in laboratory-processed slices for these two strains nor for C. piscicola and L. plantarum , probably because the initial counts were much lower. The effect on H₂S-producing bacteria was variable. The yeast and mould count was always reduced on the inoculated samples. Odour differences did not correlate with chemical data, as similar concentrations of metabolites were observed in both standard and assay tests.     

不同乳酸菌发酵对菠萝浆品质的影响

以菠萝浆为原料,添加干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和肠膜状明串珠菌单一或复配发酵,测定发酵24 h后的蛋白酶酶活、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）酶活、总酚含量、DPPH自由基清除能力、挥发性物质及冻干成粉后的维生素C含量。结果表明,乳酸菌单一发酵效果整体上要好于复配发酵,干酪乳杆菌单独发酵可使菠萝浆的SOD酶活保持在97.70 U/g,总酚含量达到最高（0.51 mg没食子酸当量（GAE）/g）;植物乳杆菌单独发酵菠萝浆时蛋白酶活性最好（821.00 U/mL）,同时DPPH自由基清除能力最高,达到5.37 μmol Trolox当量（TE）/g;肠膜状明串珠菌单独发酵组的维生素C含量最高,为4.73 mg/g;菠萝浆经干酪乳酸菌和植物乳杆菌单独发酵后,鉴定出的挥发性成分分别达到29和28种。综上,选择干酪乳杆菌或植物乳杆菌单独发酵菠萝浆能获得较好的品质。     

The effect of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the antioxidant activity of wheat gluten pancreatin hydrolysates

The antioxidant activities of the fermented wheat gluten hydrolysates with different fermentation times were investigated to elucidate the impact of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation on the wheat gluten hydrolysates. Prior to LAB fermentation, wheat gluten was deamidated by hydrochloric acid and then hydrolysed by pancreatin to 12 and 24 h, respectively. Results showed that LAB fermentation had significant impacts on the enzymatic efficiency and antioxidant activities of wheat gluten. The degree of hydrolysis and protein recovery of hydrolysates gradually increased and then reached maximum values, respectively, when fermenting with LAB for 36 h. The hydrolysis degree and protein recovery of fermented pancreatin 24‐h hydrolysates were larger than that of the fermented pancreatin 12‐h hydrolysates during the whole fermentation. The antioxidant activity analysis revealed a marked increase and improvement in the scavenging activities of 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl·radicals, hydroxyl radicals and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, while the scavenging activities of ABTS⁺ radical decreased as the fermentation time extended. The antioxidant activities of pancreatin 24‐h hydrolysates were higher than that of the pancreatin 12‐h hydrolysates during the whole LAB fermentation.     

Effect of lactic acid bacterial fermentation on amino acids and volatile compounds of pork trimming hydrolysate

The objective of this research was to improve the volatile flavour profile of a pork trimming hydrolysate by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation. Five probiotic strains and one dairy strain were used. The dominant aliphatic aldehydes (80.90%) in the unfermented hydrolysate were greatly reduced to <15% by converting into respective carboxylic acids and alcohols after fermentation. Strain GG was the only LAB that produced a significant level of succinic acid (1.62 mg mL⁻¹) and ketones (14.92%) (mainly diacetyl and acetoin) in the hydrolysate. Strains 299V and GG showed moderate proteolytic activities as their amino acid content reduced to 126.05 and 219.14 mg per 10 mL compared to the control (316.45 mg per 10 mL) after fermentation, respectively. However, little amino acid-derived volatiles were found in all fermented samples. These findings indicate that LAB fermentation modulates the flavour compounds of pork hydrolysates, which has the potential to be developed to novel flavouring materials.     

乳酸菌的抗氧化活性和耐酸耐胆盐性能的研究

以清除DPPH自由基和还原能力为指标,对实验室保藏的25株乳酸菌的菌体和无细胞提取物进行体外抗氧化性研究;将抗氧化性强的10株乳酸菌,进行对模拟胃液酸度和肠道胆盐的耐受性研究,比较不同乳酸菌株的抗氧化和耐酸耐胆盐能力,为开发功能性乳酸菌食品提供理论依据。研究表明:不同属和同属的不同菌株的乳酸菌抗氧化能力和耐酸耐胆盐存在差异,且其抗氧化活性物质存在部位不同。比较发现干酪乳杆菌GL-2抗氧化性高且耐酸耐胆盐。干酪乳杆菌GL-2菌体浓度为109cfu/mL时,菌体和无细胞提取物DPPH自由基清除率分别为37.22%、42.78%,还原活性分别相当于104.84、107.10μmol/L L-半胱氨酸;pH=3.0的酸性缓冲溶液处理2h后存活率均达100%,在改良MRS培养基（胆盐为0.5%（W/V））处理4h存活率为0.35%。      

四川泡菜乳酸菌多样性及其功能特性

文中以传统优质四川泡菜为研究对象,初步研究了不同区域优势微生物菌群和生态分布,乳酸菌多样性表现于四川泡菜之中,初步确定了植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesente-roides)和短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)及耐乙醇片球菌(Pediococcus ethanoliduran)等乳酸菌是四川泡菜发酵的优势菌群,同时对收集的四川泡菜微生物的部分功能特性进行了初步研究,为泡菜微生物功能拓展及应用奠定一定的基础。     

具有ACE抑制活性乳酸菌菌株的筛选与鉴定

以ACE抑制活性和蛋白水解活性为检测指标,选择138株乳酸菌为出发菌株,筛选出具有强ACE抑制活性的乳酸菌菌株.结果表明,筛选出具有强ACE抑制活性的4株乳酸菌,其中3株菌为瑞士乳杆菌,1株菌为干酪乳杆菌.瑞士乳杆菌KLDS1.0485和干酪乳杆菌KLDS1.0486比例为1:1,制成的发酵乳ACE抑制活性可达到61.55%.因此,组合瑞士乳杆菌KLDS1.0485和干酪乳杆菌KLDS1.0486可作为制备乳源ACE抑制肽的优良菌株.     

天然乳酸菌对肉中胆固醇降解作用及其生长特性

通过测定从内蒙古传统乳制品中分离的6株降胆固醇性能优良的乳酸菌的生长特性及其在模拟肉汤中胆固醇降解作用,研究其在发酵肉制品中的降胆固醇性能,结果表明,菌株2-2B33,TE7401,TE5301,TF5201胆固醇降解率高达70%以上且优于标准菌。各菌株在MRS、模拟肉汤、MRS+6%NaCl+150 mg/kg NaNO2培养基中的产酸性能较好且在2 d后pH可降到3.90左右。其中TE7401号菌对胆固醇的降解率、不同温度不同pH下的生长性能及产酸性能较好,故可做为1株降胆固醇性能、生长性能良好的发酵剂。