考虑热应变的柔性并联空间机械臂动力学

研究考虑热应变的柔性并联空间机械臂动力学性态。用Jourdain速度变分原理建立各机械臂的动力学变分方程,在此基础上根据各物体之间的运动学约束关系,建立柔性多体系统的微分代数混合动力学方程。数值仿真结果表明,当温度升高时,机械臂的轴向约束力和中心刚体的质心运动速度均出现显著振荡,而适当减小温度变化率,可以有效地控制振幅。     

空间机械臂捕获卫星过程的碰撞动力学模拟及镇定运动的鲁棒控制

讨论了漂浮基空间机械臂捕获未知运动目标卫星的接触碰撞动力学建模和接触碰撞后系统镇定运动的控制问题。利用第二类拉格朗日方法和牛顿-欧拉法分别建立了接触碰撞前漂浮基空间机械臂和目标卫星两分体系统的动力学模型;以此为基础借助于空间机械臂与目标卫星接触点间的运动几何关系、力传递关系,计算了接触碰撞所产生的影响效应;捕获卫星后,联立空间机械臂与卫星接触碰撞前的动力学模型,建立了接触碰撞后两系统组合体动力学模型;并设计了增广鲁棒控制算法,以对受碰撞冲击后处于不稳定的组合体系统进行镇定运动控制。上述控制方法能应用于空间机械臂载体位置不受控情况,并能使组合体系统控制方程关于卫星不确定参数呈线性化关系。最后,利用数值仿真模拟捕获过程系统运动状态,验证了上述鲁棒控制镇定运动的效果。     

带有末端集中质量的双连杆柔性机械臂主动控制

对带有末端集中质量的双连杆柔性机械臂的主动控制进行了研究,给出系统的动力学方程,采用非线性解耦反馈控制方法分别得出系统大范围运动方程和柔性臂的动力学方程,采用机械臂逆动力学方法和LQR方法分别设计大范围运动控制律和压电作动器控制律.仿真结果显示,本文控制方法能够有效地进行机械臂的轨迹跟踪,柔性臂的弹性振动可以得到有效抑制.     

柔性机械臂动力学建模和控制研究

综述了柔性机械臂动力学建模和动力学控制等相关问题,介绍了柔性机械臂动力学建模中的旋转代数法、基于Lagrange方程的方法及基于模型辩识的方法;介绍了柔性机械臂动力学控制中的PD控制、反馈控制、自适应控制、鲁棒控制、预测控制、非线性控制和智能控 制,最后详细介绍了柔性机械臂动力学控制中的混合控制及智能结构;指出在柔性机械臂动力学建模和动力学控制应解决的问题。这对包括柔性机械臂在内的多柔体系统动力学建模与控制问题的研究有一定的促进作用。      

柔性梁刚柔耦合碰撞动力学及变形传播研究

运用柔性多体系统刚柔耦合动力学理论,研究了作大范围回转运动柔性梁的碰撞动力学问题.考虑柔性梁的横向变形,以及横向变形引起的纵向缩短项即非线性耦合变形项.采用基于Hertz接触理论及非线性阻尼理论的非线性弹簧阻尼模型来求解碰撞过程中产生的碰撞力,运用第二类拉格朗日方程建立了系统的刚柔耦合碰撞动力学方程.编制仿真软件进行动力学仿真计算,得到了碰撞力和系统动力学响应,对比分析了不同动力学模型对系统动力学响应的影响.同时研究了碰撞导致的柔性梁横向变形传播的波动特性.     

单杆柔性机械臂的控制仿真研究

本文应用模态控制理论，对柔性机械臂的主动控制问题中的动力学模型进行了研究。在小变形假设的前提下，考虑由于横向变形而引起的轴向位称位的影响，采用拉格朗日方程建立了计及动力刚化项的动力学模型，并将ＰＤ控制理论和方法应用于刻模型。最后，对一单杆柔性机械臂的振动控制进行了计算机仿真．     

空间机械臂抓取负载时最小冲击的研究

本文讨论空间机械臂冲击动力学问题,建立捕获得过程冲击动力学方程。导出负载质量,机械臂相对围角与碰撞冲量的关系,得到抓手在捕获过程所受冲击最小的系统铰空间位形,文中附有数值曲线。     

空间机械臂柔性捕获机构建模与实验研究

柔性捕获机构是空间机械臂的关键性部件, 对空间在轨服务过程中的抓捕操作起着至关重要的作用. 捕获机构的原理分析与仿真建模工作对在轨捕获工况预测分析和任务规划有着重要的应用价值. 本文以空间机械臂的末端柔性捕获机构为研究对象, 建立了柔性捕获机构软捕获过程的动力学仿真模型. 考虑了软捕获过程中柔性绳索的空间构型和大变形特性, 采用绝对节点坐标方法建立了三维空间柔性绳索单元, 并通过引入一圆柱参考坐标系来建立柔性绳索与目标适配器端刚性捕获杆的接触碰撞模型. 为满足三维运动工况验证, 搭建了纯被动边界条件的悬吊实验, 通过对比软捕获过程中被捕获目标的运动信息和受力信息, 验证了模型的准确性. 实验结果表明该模型能够有效地模拟在轨捕获任务中柔性机构软捕获阶段的动力学行为, 可以用于后续与空间机械臂联合仿真任务预测以及作为地面气浮台二维试验的必要补充. 此外, 针对在轨任务中的舱外状态巡检和漂浮目标捕获两种典型工况, 进行了机械臂捕获动力学联合仿真分析, 在给定条件下成功完成软捕获阶段的操作.      

DYNAMICS MODELING AND EXPERIMENT OF A FLEXIBLE CAPTURING MECHANISM IN A SPACE MANIPULATOR 1)

柔性捕获机构是空间机械臂的关键性部件, 对空间在轨服务过程中的抓捕操作起着至关重要的作用. 捕获机构的原理分析与仿真建模工作对在轨捕获工况预测分析和任务规划有着重要的应用价值. 本文以空间机械臂的末端柔性捕获机构为研究对象, 建立了柔性捕获机构软捕获过程的动力学仿真模型. 考虑了软捕获过程中柔性绳索的空间构型和大变形特性, 采用绝对节点坐标方法建立了三维空间柔性绳索单元, 并通过引入一圆柱参考坐标系来建立柔性绳索与目标适配器端刚性捕获杆的接触碰撞模型. 为满足三维运动工况验证, 搭建了纯被动边界条件的悬吊实验, 通过对比软捕获过程中被捕获目标的运动信息和受力信息, 验证了模型的准确性. 实验结果表明该模型能够有效地模拟在轨捕获任务中柔性机构软捕获阶段的动力学行为, 可以用于后续与空间机械臂联合仿真任务预测以及作为地面气浮台二维试验的必要补充. 此外, 针对在轨任务中的舱外状态巡检和漂浮目标捕获两种典型工况, 进行了机械臂捕获动力学联合仿真分析, 在给定条件下成功完成软捕获阶段的操作.     

柔性机械臂刚柔耦合运动的摄动解法

本文在建立了柔性机械臂无量纲形式摄动方程的基础上,提出了求解在慢变驱动力矩作用下有阻尼简单柔性机械臂刚柔耦合运动的摄动解法。数值模拟结果较好的证实了本方法的有效性。     

柔性变截面滑移式机器人手臂的动力学与控制

本文研究柔性变截面滑移式机械手的动力学与控制。首先利用Ｋａｎｅ方法分析柔性机械手的振动特性；然后基于有限元法导出一种控制机械手振动的模型，将控制过发为“粗控”和“精控”两步进行；最进行了数值模拟。     

空间刚柔性机械臂振动的精细控制

本文在双连杆空间柔性机械臂系统非线性动力学方程的基础上,运用线性二次型（LQ）最优控制方法讨论了机械臂消除残余振动的控制问题。本文重点在于系统计算过程中,放弃了传统的差分类算法,对时变控制系统,引入时程精细积分方法,由于精细积分方法在有限的时间步长内又进行了更精细的划分,同时避免了差分法的许多计算障碍,使得该计算方法具有计算精度高及数值计算无条件稳定等特点。文中针对双连杆空间柔性机械臂系统这一典型结构,给出了其精细控制律,以说明精细积分法的优越性。     

Precise control for vibration of rigid–flexible mechanical arm

In the present paper, based on the nonlinear dynamic equation of spacial flexible mechanical arm with dual-link bar, the method of linear quadratic control is used to eliminate the remain vibration of mechanical arm. In the process of computation, the traditional differential algorithm is replaced by the time integration method. Because of taking the more precise time-intervals in the given time-interval and avoiding a lot of computational difficulties, the method of this paper has the characteristics of high precision and unconditional stable. For a typical structure, the precise control law is obtained and the advantages of the algorithm in this paper are shown.     

Finite and impulsive motion of constrained mechanical systems via Jourdain's principle: discrete and hybrid parameter models

The main purpose of this paper is to present a unified analytical dynamics framework for the analysis of finite and impulsive motion of mechanical systems using Jourdain's principle. Emphasis is given to the general case when a mechanical system is described by a hybrid (discrete-distributed) parameter model. A large group of finite and impulsive, generally non-holonomic, constraints are analysed in detail and a so-called extended Appellian classification is presented for these constrained motion problems. The fundamental dynamic equation of constrained systems is developed in terms of velocity variations (Jourdain's principle). Based on this equation and the constraints, the methods of quasivelocities and Lagrangian multipliers are adopted and interpreted for the finite motion of hybrid parameter models of mechanical systems; and the methods of independent quasivelocity variations and Lagrangian multipliers are introduced for the analysis of impulsive motion of such models. To illustrate the proposed material, an example of a one-link flexible arm intercepting and capturing a moving target is considered.     

Method of model analysis for flexible head impacting with elastic plane

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Control structure interaction in the nonlinear analysis of flexible mechanical systems

The effect of the control structure interaction on the feedforward control law as well as the dynamics of flexible mechanical systems is examined in this investigation. An inverse dynamics procedure is developed for the analysis of the dynamic motion of interconnected rigid and flexible bodies. This method is used to examine the effect of the elastic deformation on the driving forces in flexible mechanical systems. The driving forces are expressed in terms of the specified motion trajectories and the deformations of the elastic members. The system equations of motion are formulated using Lagrange's equation. A finite element discretization of the flexible bodies is used to define the deformation degrees of freedom. The algebraic constraint equations that describe the motion trajectories and joint constraints between adjacent bodies are adjoined to the system differential equations of motion using the vector of Lagrange multipliers. A unique displacement field is then identified by imposing an appropriate set of reference conditions. The effect of the nonlinear centrifugal and Coriolis forces that depend on the body displacements and velocities are taken into consideration. A direct numerical integration method coupled with a Newton-Raphson algorithm is used to solve the resulting nonlinear differential and algebraic equations of motion. The formulation obtained for the flexible mechanical system is compared with the rigid body dynamic formulation. The effect of the sampling time, number of vibration modes, the viscous damping, and the selection of the constrained modes are examined. The results presented in this numerical study demonstrate that the use of the driving forees obtained using the rigid body analysis can lead to a significant error when these forces are used as the feedforward control law for the flexible mechanical system. The analysis presented in this investigation differs significantly from previously published work in many ways. It includes the effect of the structural flexibility on the centrifugal and Coriolis forces, it accounts for all inertia nonlinearities resulting from the coupling between the rigid body and elastic displacements, it uses a precise definition of the equipollent systems of forces in flexible body dynamics, it demonstrates the use of general purpose multibody computer codes in the feedforward control of flexible mechanical systems, and it demonstrates numerically the effect of the selected set of constrained modes on the feedforward control law.     

Dynamics analysis of 2-DOF complex planar mechanical system with joint clearance and flexible links

Joint clearance and flexible links are two important factors that affect the dynamic behaviors of planar mechanical system. Traditional dynamics studies of planar mechanism rarely take into account both influence of revolute clearance and flexible links, which results in lower accuracy. And many dynamics studies mainly focus on simple mechanism with clearance, the study of complex mechanism with clearance is a few. In order to study dynamic behaviors of two-degree-of-freedom (DOF) complex planar mechanical system more precisely, the dynamic analyses of the mechanical system with joint clearance and flexibility of links are studied in this work. Nonlinear dynamic model of the 2-DOF nine-bar mechanical system with revolute clearance and flexible links is built by Lagrange and finite element method (FEM). Normal and tangential force of the clearance joint is built by the Lankarani–Nikravesh and modified Coulomb’s friction models. The influences of clearance value and driving velocity of the crank on the dynamic behaviors are researched, including motion responses of slider, contact force, driving torques of cranks, penetration depth, shaft center trajectory, Phase diagram, Lyapunov exponents and Poincaré map of clearance joint and slider are both analyzed, respectively. Bifurcation diagrams under different clearance values and different driving velocities of cranks are also investigated. The results show that clearance joint and flexibility of links have a certain impact on dynamic behavior of mechanism, and flexible links can partly decrease dynamic response of the mechanical system with clearance relative to rigid mechanical system with clearance.     

直升机下落碰撞的动力学响应研究

利用碰撞弹簧概念,结合多柔体系统动力学方法,建立了多体系附落碰撞的动力学模型。并通过求出响应,可详细描述碰撞过程。     

中心刚体-变截面梁系统的动力学特性研究

对在平面内做大范围转动的中心刚体-变截面梁系统的动力学进行了研究.考虑柔性梁横向弯曲变形和纵向伸长变形, 且在纵向位移中计及由于横向变形而引起的纵向缩短项, 即非线性耦合变形项. 采用假设模态法描述变形, 运用第二类Lagrange方程推导得到系统刚柔耦合动力学方程. 在此基础上对做大范围旋转运动的中心刚体-楔形梁以及中心刚体-梯形梁模型的动力学进行了详细研究. 研究表明: 梁宽比、梁高比以及梯形梁变截面位置都对系统的动力学特性有很大影响.      

Recursive Lagrangian dynamic modeling and simulation of multi-link spatial flexible manipulator arms

The dynamics for multi-link spatial flexible manipulator arms consisting of n links and n rotary joints is investigated. Kinematics of both rotary-joint motion and link deformation is described by 4 - 4 homogenous transformation matrices, and the Lagrangian equations are used to derive the governing equations of motion of the system. In the modeling the recursive strategy for kinematics is adopted to improve the computational efficiency. Both the bending and torsional flexibility of the link are taken into account. Based on the present method a general-purpose software package for dynamic simulation is developed. Dynamic simulation of a spatial flexible manipulator arm is given as an example to validate the algorithm.