负极材料LTO/G和LTO/Ag-G的合成及其电化学性能

采用溶剂热法制备锂离子电池负极材料Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/graphene(LTO/G)、Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/Ag-graphene(LTO/Ag-G)。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和电池测试系统对合成的样品进行结构、形貌及电化学性能表征。结果表明:Ag纳米粒子(20~50 nm)均匀分布在石墨烯表面,在石墨烯和银微粒的协同作用下,LTO/Ag-G复合材料具有优良的电化学性能。该材料在0.2C和1C倍率下首次放电比容量为205.3 mA·h/g和179.3 mA·h/g;在1C倍率下,循环40次后放电比容量仍为149.6 mA·h/g。因此,LTO/Ag-G复合材料具有较好的倍率性能和循环性能,是一种理想的锂离子动力电池负极材料。     

纳米CuO表面包覆对Li_(1.13)[Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)]_(0.87)O_2正极材料电化学性能的影响

为了提高球形Li_(1.13)[Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)]_(0.87)O_2正极材料的电化学性能,通过非均匀成核法在材料颗粒表面包覆一层纳米CuO;采用XRD、SEM、TEM和充放电测试仪对所包覆材料进行测试与表征。结果表明:适量的CuO包覆可有效地提高Li_(1.13)[Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)]_(0.87)O_2正极材料的电化学性能;当CuO包覆量为2%(质量分数)时,材料的电化学性能最佳。在0.1C、2.0~4.6 V充放电条件下,其首次放电容量为213.7 m A·h/g,首次库仑效率可达86.9%。此外,该材料在0.5C倍率下循环100次后其放电比容量仍为169.5 mA·h/g,容量保持率为79.3%;而未经包覆的Li_(1.13)[Ni_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)]_(0.87)O_2在相同循环条件下,容量保持率仅为65.5%。     

改性LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2正极材料的合成及其电化学性能

采用固相反应法制备Mg2+掺杂的锂离子电池正极材料LiNil/3Col/3Mnl/3O2,并将Mg2+最佳掺杂量为0.03(摩尔分数)的样品进行CuO复合。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电池测试系统等手段对制备的LiNil/3Col/3Mnl/3O2样品的结构、形貌及电化学性能进行表征。结果表明:Mg2+掺杂没有改变LiNil/3Col/3Mnl/3O2的层状结构,Mg2+掺杂量为0.03的LiNil/3Col/3Mnl/3-0.03Mg0.03O2材料具有最好的电化学性能和循环性能,在0.2C倍率下,首次放电比容量达158.5 mA·h/g,10次循环后容量保持率为91.2%。添加CuO的LiNil/3Col/3Mnl/3-0.03Mg0.03O2的首次放电容量为167.4 mA·h/g,高电压下达到181.0 mA·h/g;循环10次后,放电比容量为159.4 mA·h/g,容量保持率为95.3%,改性后的放电比容量、循环性能及在高倍率和高电压下的性能均得到改善。     

改进的碳热还原法合成LiFePO_4/C材料

采用LiAc·2H2O作为锂源,利用熔盐碳热还原方法在较低的烧结温度和较短的烧结时间内(650℃,4h)合成纯相LiFePO4/C材料。扫描电镜照片显示这种方法合成的材料粒径大约为1μm,小于用Li2CO3作为锂源合成的材料。电化学测试表明,采用LiAc·2H2O作为锂源合成的材料表现出了高的放电容量和良好的倍率循环性能:在0.5C和5C倍率下,其首次放电容量分别为148mA.h/g和115mA.h/g;50次循环后,容量保持率分别为93%和89%。     

石墨烯引导LiFePO_4纳米片的一步溶剂热反应制备及其电化学性能

针对本征低的电子导电率和锂离子迁移速率导致LiFePO_4较差的电化学性能,以石墨烯作为模板,采用一步溶剂热法制备梭形结构的LiFePO_4/石墨烯(LFP/G)复合正极材料;采用XRD和SEM等表征复合正极材料的物相结构和微观形貌,微米级梭型LiFePO_4颗粒是由平均厚度约为55 nm的纳米薄片堆叠而成。电化学性能研究结果表明:在0.1C倍率下,LFP/G复合正极材料的初始可逆比容量可达153.2 mA·h/g,高于相同条件下LiFePO_4的;在10C倍率下充放电时,LFP/G表现出高达85.9m A·h/g的可逆比容量,远高于LiFePO_4的可逆比容量(56.3m A·h/g),展现出明显增强的电化学倍率性能。     

锂离子电池用氧化亚铜/石墨烯负极材料的制备

在不添加表面活性剂的水溶液体系中,采用水合肼作为还原剂制备得到具有八面体形貌的氧化亚铜/石墨烯复合材料。透射电镜分析表明：氧化亚铜颗粒与石墨烯在复合物中呈多层次分布,而且氧化亚铜一次颗粒很好地嵌入在石墨烯层间。相比于纯氧化亚铜,氧化亚铜/石墨烯复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能得到了显著的改善。在100 mA/g的电流密度下循环50次后,氧化亚铜/石墨烯复合物的可逆比容量高达348.4 mA？h/g,同时,在不同倍率下（50,100,200,400,800 mA/g）循环60次后,其可恢复容量仍达305.8 mA？h/g。     

xLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3·LiVPO_4F/C复合正极材料的合成及储锂性能

用乙炔碳作为碳源,采用机械活化辅助碳热还原两步法合成xLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3·LiVPO_4F/C复合正极材料。采用XRD、SEM、TEM等技术对样品的晶体结构和微观形貌进行了表征,采用循环伏安法和恒流充放电等测试方法对合成样品的电化学性能进行分析研究。结果表明:xLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3·LiVPO_4F/C复合正极材料兼备了Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3的循环稳定性好、倍率性能佳的优点和LiVPO_4F能量密度高的优势,此外还弥补了Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3在3～4.7 V电压范围充放电时放电电压平台缺失的缺陷。该材料在3～4.7 V之间的循环稳定性较好,在1C倍率下最高放电比容量为119.7 m A·h/g,循环300圈后为97.5 m A·h/g。其倍率性能较好,在0.1C倍率下充放电可获得高达152 m A·h/g的放电比容量,倍率升高到8C时仍能保持100 mA·h/g的放电比容量。     

树枝状碳芯结构LiFePO_4/C复合材料的制备及电化学性能

采用环氧树脂为碳源制备树枝状碳芯结构LiFePO4/C复合材料。利用X射线衍射、透射电镜和X射线光电子能谱对复合材料进行分析,采用恒电流充放电和电化学阻抗方法研究试样的倍率性能、循环性能和电化学阻抗。结果表明:树枝状LiFePO4/C复合材料的树干是碳芯结构,由无定形碳芯和包覆在碳芯上的纳米LiFePO4颗粒组成;树枝状碳芯结构LiFePO4/C复合材料在15 mA/g的电流密度下,首次放电容量达到167.4 mA.h/g;当电流密度增大到900 mA/g时,放电容量高达120.8 mA.h/g,经过50次循环后,容量保持率高达99.5%。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMnBO_3/C的合成及其电化学性能

以LiOH·H_2O、Mn(CH_3COO)_2·4H_2O和H_3BO_3为原料,聚乙二醇6000(PEG-6000)为碳源,采用喷雾干燥法合成LiMnBO_3和LiMnBO_3/C正极材料。XRD测试表明,两种样品均为单一的六方晶体结构LiMnBO_3(h-LiMnBO_3);电化学测试表明,在电压范围1.0~4.8 V内,LiMnBO_3在0.5C倍率下的首次放电比容量为63.28mA·h/g,而LiMnBO_3/C的首次放电比容量高达135.21mA·h/g;循环50次后,两者比容量分别为31.15mA·h/g和109.69mA·h/g。碳源的加入有效地提升了LiMnBO_3的电化学性能。     

溶胶-凝胶法合成LiMnPO4/C锂离子电池复合材料（英文）

通过溶胶-凝胶法合成LiMnPO4/C锂离子电池复合材料,采用XRD、SEM和电化学性能测试对LiMnPO4/C进行性能表征。XRD研究表明,在500°C下能够合成得到纯的LiMnPO4;SEM研究表明,柠檬酸作为螯合剂和碳源能有效地抑制LiMnPO4/C颗粒的长大。在500°C下烧结10h合成的LiMnPO4/C样品的电化学性能最好,首次放电容量为122.6mA·h/g,以0.05C倍率循环30次后其容量为112.4mA·h/g。     

Zn_2SnO_4和Zn_2Sn_(0.8)Ti_(0.2)O_4/C的制备和电化学性能(英文)

以SnCl4.5H2O、TiCl4、ZnCl2和N2H4.H2O为原料,采用水热法制备Zn2Sn0.8Ti0.2O4纳米粉体。在此基础上,以葡萄糖和水热合成的Zn2Sn0.8Ti0.2O4为原料,以碳热还原法制备Zn2Sn0.8Ti0.2O4/C复合材料。利用XRD、XPS、TEM、恒电流充放电等方法分别研究Zn2SnO4和Zn2Sn0.8Ti0.2O4/C复合材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能。同时用非原位XRD、XPS和SEM分析Zn2Sn0.8Ti0.2O4/C复合材料电极在充放电过程中的结构和形貌变化。合成的纯Zn2SnO4的首次放电容量为1670.8mA.h/g,循环40次后放电容量迅速衰减为342.7mA.h/g。而Zn2Sn0.8Ti0.2O4/C复合材料的首次放电容量为1530.0mA.h/g,循环100次后容量还保持为479.1mA.h/g,与纯Zn2SnO4、Zn2Sn0.8Ti0.2O4和Zn2SnO4/C相比,电化学性能有较大的提高。     

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Co3O4/C composite anode for lithium ion batteries

The Co3O4/acetylene black composite anodes were successfully prepared by combination of oxalate precipitation and pyrolysis of the precipitate. The composite and its precursor were characterized by thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA), differential thermal analysis(DTA), X-ray diffractometry(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) and electrochemical measurements. The effects of carbon content and calcination temperature on properties of the composite were investigated in detail. The cycling performance of the Co3O4 anode is improved remarkably by the addition of carbon. As the calcination temperature rises in the range of 300-450 ℃, the crystallinity of the composites increases, but their reversible capacity and cycling stability decrease. Being charged/discharged at a current density of 0.1C rate, the optimized Co3O4/C composite anode shows a large initial reversible capacity of 757 mA-h/g, and a capacity of 743 mA-h/g is observed after 10 cycles.     

溶液法合成锂离子纳米Li_2FeSiO_4/C电池正极材料(英文)

以蔗糖为碳源,利用溶液法在温和条件下合成Li2FeSiO4/C的前驱体,煅烧后得到纳米球形Li2FeSiO4/C正极材料。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对材料的结构和形貌进行表征。通过恒流充放电对材料的电化学性能进行测试。结果表明,采用此法合成的前驱体在700°C煅烧9h得到的纳米Li2FeSiO4/C在室温、1.5~4.6V的电压范围内,于C/20倍率下前3次放电容量达到166mA·h/g,30次循环后容量仍保持有158mA·h/g,容量保持率达95%,表明其具有良好的电化学性能。     

Generation of nanostructured CuO by electrochemical method and its Zn–Ni–CuO composite thin films for corrosion protection

Nanocrystalline copper oxide (CuO) powder of varying sizes (22, 25, 28 and 36 nm) have been successfully synthesized by hybrid electrochemical method using aqueous sodium nitrate electrolyte with Cu electrodes under galvanostatic mode at room temperature. The as‐synthesized CuO sample was calcined for an hour at temperatures ranging from 60 to 900 °C. The crystallite size, morphology, and chemical state of the synthesized powders were characterized by powder XRD, XPS, SEM/EDAX, TEM, and UV–Vis spectral methods. The effect of calcination temperature on crystallite size and morphology was studied. The TEM result revealed that, the particles are hexagonal and the sizes are in 30–50 nm in diameter and 120–200 nm in length. The band gap values are 5.60 and 5.54 eV. The crystallite size increased with increase of calcination temperature. The CuO nanopowder is used to fabricate Zn–Ni–CuO composite thin films and its corrosion behaviour was analysed by Tafel extrapolation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the Zn–Ni–CuO composite thin films provided good corrosion protection.     

Effect of CuO Particle Size on the Microstructure Evolution of Al_2O_(3P)/Al Composites Prepared Via Displacement Reactions in the Al/CuO System

An Al2O3P/Al composite was successfully synthesized using a displacement reaction between 80 wt% Al and20 wt% Cu O powders at a heating rate of 5 °C/min. Two different sizes Cu O particles were used, and all the experiments were conducted under an argon atmosphere. To analyze the microstructural evolution during synthesis, the Al–20 wt%Cu O samples were heated to the temperatures selected according to the differential scanning calorimetry curve and then immediately quenched with water. The phase composites and microstructure of the water-quenching samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry.The results indicate that the Cu O particle size has a significant effect on the microstructural evolution of the samples during the heating stage and on the microstructure of synthesized composites. Smaller Cu O particles can decrease the reaction temperature, narrow the reaction temperature range at the different reaction stages during the heating stage and make the size and distribution of in situ Al2O3 particles more uniform. The reaction between Al and Cu O can be complete as the temperature rises to 900 °C. The size of the in situ Al2O3 particles is approximately 5 lm when the size of the Cu O particles is less than 6 lm. This sample has a relatively high Rockwell hardness of 60 HRB.     

Fabrication and electrochemical behavior of flower-like ZnO-CoO-C nanowall arrays as anodes for lithium-ion batteries

This study reported the electrochemical performance of flower-like ZnO-CoO-C nanowall arrays as anodes of lithium-ion batteries. The arrays were fabricated through solution-immersion steps and subsequent calcination at 400 °C. At a rate of 0.5 C, the arrays exhibited a delithiation capacity of 438 mA h g⁻¹ at the 50th cycle. The arrays still delivered a reversible capacity of 224 mA h g⁻¹ at 2.0 C rate, much higher than those of the flower-like ZnO and ZnO-C nanowall arrays. The mechanism for the high capacity of flower-like ZnO-CoO-C nanowall arrays mainly resulted from the catalytic effect of Co phase on the decomposition of Li₂O and the conducting carbon layer formed on ZnO nanowalls. The present finding also provides a kind of nanostructured films that might be applied in solar cells and sensors, etc.     

层次孔结构双功能碳负极材料的制备及性能

在500～900℃的活化温度下,以酚醛树脂为碳源,采用模板-物理活化联合法制备系列超级电容电池用层次孔结构双功能碳负极材料。借助扫描电镜、透射电镜及比表面积测试仪分析材料的物理结构,组装模拟电容器和对锂半电池,利用恒流充放电法及循环伏安法考察其电化学行为。结果表明:制备的层次孔结构碳材料具有较大的中微孔结构和局域石墨微晶结构;在LiPF6/EC+DMC和Et4NBF4/AN两种电解液中均表现出良好的电化学性能;其中以活化温度为600℃时制备的碳材料性能最优,其锂离子半电池可逆容量达到611.2 mA.h/g(0.2C),50次循环效率为74%,6C倍率下稳定可逆容量仍高达223 mA.h/g,模拟电容器比电容高达143 F/g(0.1 A/g),且倍率性能优异。     

不同有机-水混合溶剂的Li3V2（PO4）3/C合成及其性能

以有机-水为混合溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3/C。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、恒流充放电以及循环伏安(CV)测试等方法,研究产物的结构形貌及电化学性能。结果表明:溶剂对材料的晶型结构没有影响,对颗粒的形貌影响较大;以1,2-丙二醇-水为溶剂的样品呈薄片状和针状;在3.0～4.5 V电压范围内,Li3V2(PO4)3/C的0.1C首次放电比容量为132.89 mA.h/g,10C首次放电比容量达125.42 mA.h/g,循环700周后容量保持率为95.79%,具有良好的倍率性能与循环性能;而在3.0～4.8 V电压范围内倍率性能较差。