经皮激光心肌血运重建术治疗心绞痛的临床疗效观察

【目的】观察经皮激光打孔心肌血运重建术治疗顽固性心绞痛的临床疗效。【方法】应用经皮激光 (HO :YAGlaser)心内膜心肌打孔治疗 2 7例顽固性心绞痛患者 ,以加拿大心绞痛标准分级和Naughton运动试验ST段下移至 1mm所需时间作为激光心肌血运重建术疗效的临床观察指标。【结果】每例打孔 5～ 15个 ,平均 (8± 4)个。打孔前和打孔后 1月、3月、6月按加拿大心绞痛标准分级 ,分别为 (3 5± 0 5 )、(2 2± 0 8)、(2 0± 0 6 )、(2 1± 0 5 )级 ;Naughton运动试验ST段下移至1mm所需时间则分别为 (36 0± 16 0 )s、(4 0 6± 2 6 0 )s、(4 2 0± 2 90 )s、(4 5 0± 312 )s。【结论】经皮激光打孔心肌血运重建术能降低患者心绞痛的严重程度 ,对不能常规施行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)或冠状动脉旁路搭桥术 (CABG)的严重冠心病心绞痛的患者 ,经皮激光心肌血运重建术是一种有效治疗方法。     

冠心病的外科治疗

目的　总结 5年来外科治疗冠心病的近期疗效。方法　 397例冠心病患者中 ,男 337例 ,女 6 0例 ,平岿年龄为 (6 4 .5± 9.2 )岁。行冠状动脉搭桥术 36 6例 (其中搭桥加激光心肌血运重建术 4 4例 ) ,行单纯激光心肌血运重建术 2 7例 ,行室壁瘤切除术 3例 ,行室壁瘤切除加二尖瓣置换术 1例。急诊手术 5例。不停跳搭桥冠状动脉旁路移植术 6 9例。 2 0 3例采用乳内动脉移植 ,4 6例采用桡动脉移植 ,2例采用胃网膜动脉移植。结果　住院期间死亡 10例 ,死亡率为 2 .5 % (10 /397例 )。存活者中 5 6例 (14 .5 % ,5 6 /387例 )发生各种并发症。 5 9例行激光心肌血运重建术治疗的患者平均随访 13.9个月。结论　本组患者平均年龄大 ,高龄是死亡的重要危险因素 ,激光治疗能缓解心绞痛 ,应恰当地把握介入治疗的指征     

80岁以上冠状动脉性心脏病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床处理

目的总结≥80岁高龄冠状动脉性心脏病(简称冠心病)患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)中的治疗难点、围术期处理,以提高高龄冠心病患者的外科治疗效果。方法2001年4月—2006年12月62例≥80岁冠心病患者行CABG,男46例,女16例,年龄80~87岁,平均年龄为(82±2)岁。其中停跳CABG30例,不停跳CABG32例。结果全组行单纯CABG54例,CABG 二尖瓣和主动脉瓣置换(DVR)1例,CABG 二尖瓣置换(MVR)1例,CABG DVR 三尖瓣成形(TVP)1例,CABG 室壁瘤切除3例,CABG 激光心肌血运重建(TMLR)2例。共搭桥145支,胸廓内动脉桥41支,静脉桥104支。术后住院期间死亡6例,病死率为9.7%。术后心绞痛症状明显缓解。随访40例(71.4%),平均随访时间为(6.2±5.0)个月;6个月时,90.0%(36/40)的患者无心绞痛发作。结论≥80岁高龄冠心病患者行CABG是可行的,应重视围术期处理,及时处理并发症,不应因患者年龄大而放弃手术。     

激光心肌血运重建术临床疗效观察

目的　探讨激光心肌血运重建术 (TMR)在缓解冠心病心肌缺血中的临床疗效。方法　观察 2 0例行单纯 TMR患者术后 1周、 1月及 6个月心绞痛、心功能改善情况。结果　 TMR后心绞痛症状得到明显改善 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,于术后 1周最明显 ,随时间的推移疗效逐渐减弱 ;心功能于术后 1月才见显著改善 ,6个月时最明显。结论　 TMR能改善冠心病缺血心肌的血供 ,缓解症状 ,改善心功能 ;TMR后心功能的改善滞后于心绞痛症状的改善。     

CO_2激光心肌血管重建术治疗冠心病

目的　总结 1999年 3月至 12月完成的 30例激光心肌血管重建术 (TMLR)的经验。方法　将 30例患者分为冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG) TMLR组 2 0例和单纯TMLR组 10例。CABG TMLR组采用正中切口 ,先行CABG ,再行TMLR ,平均搭桥 2 .3根 ,打孔 8.2个 ;TMLR组 10例 ,左前外侧第 5肋间进胸 ,行TMLR ,平均打孔 31.7个。结果　全组无手术死亡 ,术后 1个月内心绞痛均消失 ,3个月后 ,CABG TMLR组 (1例 ) 5 %心绞痛复发 ,同位素示缺血区消失 ,TMLR组 (7例 ) 70 %心绞痛减轻 ,同位素示缺血区缩小。结论　TMLR能缓解心绞痛 ,改善生活质量     

激光心肌血运重建术临床疗效观察

目的探讨激光心肌血运重建术(TMR)在缓解冠心病心肌缺血中的临床疗效.方法观察20例行单纯TMR患者术后1周、1月及6个月心绞痛、心功能改善情况.结果 TMR后心绞痛症状得到明显改善(P＜0.05),于术后1周最明显,随时间的推移疗效逐渐减弱;心功能于术后1月才见显著改善,6个月时最明显.结论TMR能改善冠心病缺血心肌的血供,缓解症状,改善心功能;TMR后心功能的改善滞后于心绞痛症状的改善.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病25例

目的 :回顾冠状动脉旁路移植术 ( CABG)治疗冠心病的早期效果和经验。方法 :2 5例冠心病病人92 %为多支冠状动脉病变。 1 0例左室射血分数 ( EF)≤ 45 % ,其中 4例 <30 %。所有患者均有心绞痛症状 ,CCS ～ 级。 1 0例在非体外循环、心脏不停跳下手术 ,余为低温体外循环 ( CPB)下手术。 1 4例采用左乳内动脉与左前降支搭桥 ,余均为大隐静脉桥 ,人均搭桥 3.0 8支。同期行激光心肌血管重建术 ( TMLR) 3例。结果 :2 5例 CABG临床效果良好 ,无手术死亡。术后 96%的患者心绞痛症状完全消失。结论 :CABG是一种治疗冠心病安全和有效的方法 ,近期临床效果满意。     

激光心肌血运重建术治疗缺血性心脏病

目的 :对 8例冠状动脉造影显示为冠状动脉远端纤细的多支多段病变而不宜作冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)、经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)、最大限度药物治疗疗效无效的缺血性心脏病患者行激光心肌打孔血运重建术 (TMLR)后的临床疗效 ,以拓展缺血性心脏病治疗的新思路。方法 :在全麻下 ,在缺血心脏表面用国产HL -10 0心脏激光器打孔 2 4～ 32个 ,孔间距为 1cm ,历时 12 0± 2 0分钟。术后 3～ 16月随访心绞痛级别 (CCS)、心功能状况 (NYHA)、硝酸制剂治疗量 ,超声心动图 (UCG)、心肌放射性核素断层扫描 (SPECT)。结果 :8例术后无死亡。与术前比较 ,TMLR术后患者CCS降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,硝酸制剂治疗量明显减少 (P <0 .0 1)。UCG静息状态下左室射血分数 (LVEF)较术前增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,室壁运动指数 (WMSI)下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,最大多巴酚丁胺耐受量增加 (P <0 .0 5 )。核素心肌显像 (SPECT)显示多数患者缺血范围不同程度缩小及心脏舒缩功能改善。结论 :TMLR术能增加缺血区局部心肌血运 ,缓解心绞痛 ,改善了心脏功能 ,提高了患者生活质量。作为一种有效的治疗方法弥补了当前对缺血性心脏病治疗手段的不足。     

激光心肌血运重建术治疗冠心病的现状与未来

90年代初,高功率CO2激光成功地用于心脏跳动下心肌打孔手术后,激光心肌血运重建术（TMLR）开始登上了治疗晚期重症冠心病的临床舞台。近年来．TMLR的基础与临床研究进展较快,本文就此予以概述。1,TMIR的发展简况助年代初,MirhOSeini等首次报道低功率（80W）CO2激光TMI,R不仅能改善实验动物缺血心肌的灌注,而且可防止孔道内的纤维增生。1983年他将此项技术作为冠状动脉搭桥术（CAB）的辅助方法首先用于临床。1986年okada等用85WC02激光对1例患有缩窄性心包炎和严重心绞痛的病人在室顾情况下打孔,结果9个月后病人症状明显…     

经皮激光心肌血运重建术治疗严重冠心病患者的疗效和随访结果

目的 报告和分析经皮激光心肌血运重建术(PMR)治疗严重冠心病患者的疗效和随访结果 .方法 采用Eclipse TMR 2000DP钬激光系统行PMR,激光输出能量4J、功率3.5W、波长2.1uM、脉宽200uS.结果 34例PMR操作全部完成,平均每例打孔22±6个,术后,加拿大心脏协会(CCS)心绞痛级别由术前3.2±0.4减轻至0.5±0.6(P<0.01),心绞痛减轻大于或等于Ⅱ级或消失的病例占85.3%,LVEF(n=22)由治疗前0.45±0.12增加至0.57±0.13(P<0.01);多数患者心电图缺血型ST-T改变有程度不同的改善;ECT(n=13)示缺血改善者8例.平均随访(48±9)个月,平均CCS心绞痛级别为0.7±0.8,较术前改善大于或等于Ⅱ级者仍占79.4%.并发症包括:术中激光脉冲发放时均有室性期前收缩;急性心包填塞3例,其中1例经抢救后死于心源性休克.结论 对反复发作心绞痛的严重冠心病患者,PMR是一种安全和有效的治疗选择,能够显著改善临床症状和心肌缺血.     

Single-center report of 5-year follow-up on 94 patients underwent transmyocardial laser revascularization

Background Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) has been used in the treatment of patients with end-stage coronary artery disease (CAD) since 1990. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of TMLR in patients with diffuse CAD. Methods Ninety-four consecutive patients underwent TMLR in one center from July 1997 to December 2000. The follow-up data of these patients were obtained through face-to-face, mail questionnaires, or telephone interviews in July 2004 and December 2004. Four cases failed to respond. Mean follow-up time was (5.5±1.0) years.Results Mean Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina scores of TMLR patients were 3.1±0.8 at baseline, 1.7±0.9 at 1 year (P&lt;0.05), 1.7±0.9 at 3 years (P&lt;0.05), and 1.9±0.9 at 5 years (P&lt;0.05). At an average of 5 years, 69% of the patients had ≥ 1 angina class reduction, mean NYHA class level (1.9±0.9) ameliorated compared to the baseline (2.5±0.7, P&lt;0.001), the rate of re-hospitalization was 2.7 times/person. Kaplan-Meier survival rate was 87% at 1 year, 69% at 3 years and 64% at 5 years. The causes of death were attributed more to heart failure (58.9%) and myocardial infraction (14.7%) after TMLR. The patients with no angina relief, or who died after TMLR, had a higher percentage of preoperative unstable anginas or prior myocardial infraction compared to the survivors. The assorted shapes of myocardial laser channels were detected in some patients by the color Doppler velocity techniqueConclusions TMLR provided a long-term improvement in the quality of life, including CCS angina class or NYHA heart functional class for about 70% of Chinese patients with severely disabling angina pectoris. The various myocardial laser channels would always be visible after TMLR. 5-years after TMLR as a sole therapy, the survival rate of the patients was 64%.     

Mortality and cardiovascular events in patients treated with homocysteine-lowering B vitamins after coronary angiography: a randomized controlled trial

Context  Observational studies have reported associations between circulating total homocysteine concentration and risk of cardiovascular disease. Oral administration of folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ can lower plasma total homocysteine levels. Objective  To assess the effect of treatment with folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ and the effect of treatment with vitamin B₆ as secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease or aortic valve stenosis. Design, Setting, and Participants  Randomized, double-blind controlled trial conducted in the 2 university hospitals in western Norway in 1999-2006. A total of 3096 adult participants undergoing coronary angiography (20.5% female; mean age, 61.7 years) were randomized. At baseline, 59.3% had double- or triple-vessel disease, 83.7% had stable angina pectoris, and 14.9% had acute coronary syndromes. Interventions  Using a 2 x 2 factorial design, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups receiving daily oral treatment with folic acid, 0.8 mg, plus vitamin B₁₂, 0.4 mg, plus vitamin B₆, 40 mg (n = 772); folic acid plus vitamin B₁₂ (n = 772); vitamin B₆ alone (n = 772); or placebo (n = 780). Main Outcome Measures  The primary end point was a composite of all-cause death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, acute hospitalization for unstable angina pectoris, and nonfatal thromboembolic stroke. Results  Mean plasma total homocysteine concentration was reduced by 30% after 1 year of treatment in the groups receiving folic acid and vitamin B₁₂. The trial was terminated early because of concern among participants due to preliminary results from a contemporaneous Norwegian trial suggesting adverse effects from the intervention. During a median 38 months of follow-up, the primary end point was experienced by a total of 422 participants (13.7%): 219 participants (14.2%) receiving folic acid/vitamin B₁₂ vs 203 (13.1%) not receiving such treatment (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-1.32; P = .36) and 200 participants (13.0%) receiving vitamin B₆ vs 222 (14.3%) not receiving vitamin B₆ (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-1.09; P = .28). Conclusions  This trial did not find an effect of treatment with folic acid/vitamin B₁₂ or vitamin B₆ on total mortality or cardiovascular events. Our findings do not support the use of B vitamins as secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease. Trial Registration  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00354081      

Supplemental perioperative oxygen and the risk of surgical wound infection: a randomized controlled trial

Context  Supplemental perioperative oxygen has been variously reported to halve or double the risk of surgical wound infection. Objective  To test the hypothesis that supplemental oxygen reduces infection risk in patients following colorectal surgery. Design, Setting, and Patients  A double-blind, randomized controlled trial of 300 patients aged 18 to 80 years who underwent elective colorectal surgery in 14 Spanish hospitals from March 1, 2003, to October 31, 2004. Wound infections were diagnosed by blinded investigators using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Baseline patient characteristics, anesthetic treatment, and potential confounding factors were recorded. Interventions  Patients were randomly assigned to either 30% or 80% fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO₂) intraoperatively and for 6 hours after surgery. Anesthetic treatment and antibiotic administration were standardized. Main Outcome Measures  Any surgical site infection (SSI); secondary outcomes included return of bowel function and ability to tolerate solid food, ambulation, suture removal, and duration of hospitalization. Results  A total of 143 patients received 30% perioperative oxygen and 148 received 80% perioperative oxygen. Surgical site infection occurred in 35 patients (24.4%) administered 30% FIO₂ and in 22 patients (14.9%) administered 80% FIO₂ (P=.04). The risk of SSI was 39% lower in the 80% FIO₂ group (relative risk [RR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.98) vs the 30% FIO₂ group. After adjustment for important covariates, the RR of infection in patients administered supplemental oxygen was 0.46 (95% CI, 0.22-0.95; P = .04). None of the secondary outcomes varied significantly between the 2 treatment groups. Conclusions  Patients receiving supplemental inspired oxygen had a significant reduction in the risk of wound infection. Supplemental oxygen appears to be an effective intervention to reduce SSI in patients undergoing colon or rectal surgery. Trial Registration  ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00235456      

保留肾脏术式治疗原发性输尿管癌临床分析

目的探讨保留肾脏术式治疗输尿管癌的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析了保留肾脏术式治疗原发性输尿管癌的19例患者,其中男性10例,女性9例,平均年龄65.6岁。无痛性肉眼血尿14例,腰痛2例;B超偶然发现肾积水3例。结果 19例患者均行保留肾脏手术。行输尿管部分切除、输尿管端端吻合术的患者4例;输尿管下端及膀胱袖口状切除、输尿管膀胱再植术的患者11例;输尿管镜下切除的患者4例。病理均为移行上皮细胞癌,病理分级:G15例;G28例;G2～G33例;G33例。分期:Ta 1例;T15例;T29例;T34例。17例病例获得随访(89.5%),5年生存率为58.8%(10/17)。术后6个月～2年膀胱癌发生率29.4%(5/17);术后1年～6年同侧上尿路癌复发者29.4%(5/17)。3例患者于术后1～3年死于内科疾病。结论原发输尿管癌为少见的尿路上皮肿瘤,预后不佳。对低分级、低分期的肿瘤保留肾脏术式预后良好,但保肾手术有复发的风险,需密切随访。     

Thyroid function and mortality in patients treated for hyperthyroidism

Context  Hyperthyroidism has been reported to cause excess all-cause and circulatory mortality. Whether this can be reversed is unknown, as is the influence of mild persisting thyroid dysfunction and treatment-induced hypothyroidism. Objectives  To determine whether radioiodine treatment is associated with increased mortality and to determine the influences of mild thyroid dysfunction and the development of overt hypothyroidism treated with thyroxine (T₄). Design, Setting, and Participants  A population-based study of 2668 individuals aged 40 years or older treated for overt hyperthyroidism with radioiodine in the West Midlands region of England from 1984-2002. Main Outcome Measures  Cause of death compared with age- and period-specific mortality in England and Wales and assessment of the influence of T₄ therapy for radioiodine-induced hypothyroidism and subclinical thyroid dysfunction on mortality. Results  In 15 968 person-years of follow-up, 554 died vs 487 expected deaths (standardized mortality ratio [SMR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.24, P=.002). Increased risks of all-cause and circulatory deaths vs age- and period-specific mortality were observed in follow-up in those not requiring, or prior to, T₄ therapy. These increased risks were not observed during follow-up on T₄ therapy (circulatory disease SMR prior to T₄, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.14-1.53 vs SMR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.70-1.17 during T₄). Patients receiving T₄ had decreased risk of mortality vs risk in the period not requiring, or prior to, T₄ therapy (all-cause mortality hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.54-0.79; circulatory mortality HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48-0.87). Increased all-cause mortality vs the background population was observed in the period prior to T₄ therapy in follow-up associated with low, normal, and high serum thyrotropin. The SMR for ischemic heart disease increased slightly when analyzed by serum thyrotropin, high serum thyrotropin being the highest SMR (low thyrotropin SMR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.75-1.45; normal thyrotropin SMR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.76-1.71; high thyrotropin SMR, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.86-2.37). Comparison within the cohort showed that mild hypothyroidism prior to T₄ therapy was associated with increased risk of mortality from ischemic heart disease vs biochemical euthyroidism (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.04-4.19). Conclusions  Patients treated with radioiodine for hyperthyroidism had increased mortality vs age- and period-specific mortality in England and Wales, a finding no longer evident during T₄ therapy. This supports treating hyperthyroidism with doses of radioiodine sufficient to induce overt hypothyroidism. The association within the cohort of mortality from ischemic heart disease with subclinical hypothyroidism suggests T₄ replacement should be considered should this biochemical abnormality develop after radioiodine therapy.      

Effect of homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid,vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 on clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention: the Swiss Heart study: a randomized controlled trial

Context  Plasma homocysteine level has been recognized as an important cardiovascular risk factor that predicts adverse cardiac events in patients with established coronary atherosclerosis and influences restenosis rate after percutaneous coronary intervention. Objective  To evaluate the effect of homocysteine-lowering therapy on clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention. Design, Setting, and Participants  Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving 553 patients referred to the University Hospital in Bern, Switzerland, from May 1998 to April 1999 and enrolled after successful angioplasty of at least 1 significant coronary stenosis (50%). Intervention  Participants were randomly assigned to receive a combination of folic acid (1 mg/d), vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin, 400 µg/d), and vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine hydrochloride, 10 mg/d) (n = 272) or placebo (n = 281) for 6 months. Main Outcome Measure  Composite end point of major adverse events defined as death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and need for repeat revascularization, evaluated at 6 months and 1 year. Results  After a mean (SD) follow-up of 11 (3) months, the composite end point was significantly lower at 1 year in patients treated with homocysteine-lowering therapy (15.4% vs 22.8%; relative risk [RR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.96; P = .03), primarily due to a reduced rate of target lesion revascularization (9.9% vs 16.0%; RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.97; P = .03). A nonsignificant trend was seen toward fewer deaths (1.5% vs 2.8%; RR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.16-1.70; P = .27) and nonfatal myocardial infarctions (2.6% vs 4.3%; RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.24-1.51; P = .27) with homocysteine-lowering therapy. These findings remained unchanged after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusion  Homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid, vitamin B₁₂, and vitamin B₆ significantly decreases the incidence of major adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention.      

Effect of folate and mecobalamin on hip fractures in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial

Context  Stroke increases the risk of subsequent hip fracture by 2 to 4 times. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for both ischemic stroke and osteoporotic fractures in elderly men and women. Treatment with folate and mecobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) may improve hyperhomocysteinemia. Objective  To investigate whether treatment with folate and vitamin B₁₂ reduces the incidence of hip fractures in patients with hemiplegia following stroke. Design, Setting, and Patients  A double-blind, randomized controlled study of 628 consecutive patients aged 65 years or older with residual hemiplegia at least 1 year following first ischemic stroke, who were recruited from a single Japanese hospital from April 1, 2000, to May 31, 2001. Patients were assigned to daily oral treatment with 5 mg of folate and 1500 µg of mecobalamin, or double placebo; 559 completed the 2-year follow-up. Main Outcome Measure  Incidence of hip fractures in the 2 patient groups during the 2-year follow-up. Results  At baseline, patients in both groups had high levels of plasma homocysteine and low levels of serum cobalamin and serum folate. After 2 years, plasma homocysteine levels decreased by 38% in the treatment group and increased by 31% in the placebo group (P<.001). The number of hip fractures per 1000 patient-years was 10 and 43 for the treatment and placebo groups, respectively (P<.001). The adjusted relative risk, absolute risk reduction, and the number needed to treat for hip fractures in the treatment vs placebo groups were 0.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08-0.50), 7.1% (95% CI, 3.6%-10.8%), and 14 (95% CI, 9-28), respectively. No significant adverse effects were reported. Conclusion  In this Japanese population with a high baseline fracture risk, combined treatment with folate and vitamin B₁₂ is safe and effective in reducing the risk of a hip fracture in elderly patients following stroke.      

严重急性呼吸综合征的临床特点及遗留肺纤维化相关因素分析

目的分析严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者急性期的临床特点及诊治经验,探讨SARS患者遗留肺纤维化病变的相关因素。方法对54例SARS患者的急性期临床资料进行回顾性分析,对各组数据进行统计学分析。结果38例(70.4%)患者有明确的SARS接触史,潜伏期为1~16 d,平均(6±4)d。92.6%的患者以发热为首发症状。氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)≤200者14.8%(7/47),PaO2/FiO2介于200~300之间者42.6%(20/47)。白细胞总数、淋巴细胞绝对值计数及血小板降低者分别为24.1%、46.2%和10.0%,心肌酶异常升高的患者占44.4%。CT影像以不规则实变融合病灶或伴支气管充气征(61.1%)及双肺弥散性磨玻璃影或碎石路样改变(53.7%)为主。病灶常累及双肺,以双下肺受累为主。重症SARS组应用激素和无创通气治疗的比例(100%、55.6%)均高于普通SARS组(77.8%、9.0%)(P<0.01和P<0.05)。营养支持及提高免疫力等治疗是有效的辅助措施。肺纤维化遗留组急性期的肺部病灶累及肺叶数量多、氧合指数低,与无肺纤维化遗留组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论SARS的发病与密切接触病人有关,肺CT对于早期诊断至关重要,综合治疗措施可以取得很好的治疗效果。急性期肺部病灶累及肺叶数量多、氧合指数低的SARS患者易遗留肺纤维化。     

激光打孔心肌血运重建术新进展

激光心肌血运重建术(TMIR)是利用激光在缺血的左心室壁制造多个心肌隧道,以促使心腔内的氧合血经隧道注入心肌内,并通过心肌大量的窦状隙及冠状动脉交通网营养该区域心肌。在60年代用针穿刺左心室壁造成孔道改善心肌缺血的基础上Mirhoseini等在70年代末开始了TMLR的实验研究。80年代围绕TMLR的组织学、生理学、生物物理学等方面的研究报道较多,低功率二氧化碳激光TMLR作为冠脉搭桥(CABG)的辅助方法也开始用于临床。90年代在高功率二氧化碳激光成功地用于人心脏跳动下心肌打孔手术后,TMLR成为单独治疗晚期重症冠心病的另一种新方法。1994年尸检发现了激光孔道长期通畅并内皮化及与周围心肌血窦相沟通的组织学证据。近年来,有关TMLR在(1)促进血管内皮生长方面的实验研究,(2)用磁共振成像(MRI)、单光子发射计算机断层(SPECT)和正电子断层扫描(PET)、心肌造影超声(MCE)等手段进行临床随访,(3)临床开展的心脏搏动条件下CABG结合TMLR,(4)TMLR术式及其适应证的选择等实验与临床应用方面均有很大进展。