大功率垂直腔面发射激光器的相干性测量与分析

通过有机化学气象沉积(MOCVD)技术在n型GaAs衬底上生长制作了发射波长为850nm的VCSELs4×4列阵器件,介绍了VCSELs的制作工艺流程.对器件进行了相干性测量,计算了干涉条纹可见度,分析了影响干涉条纹可见度的因素.     

垂直腔面发射半导体微腔激光器

评述了垂直腔面发射半导体激光器研究的最新进展,就其结构特点、应变量子阱结构、超晶格镜面和微腔效应作了简要的论述,探讨了进一步降低半导体激光器阈值的途径,介绍了新型的氧化约束型垂直腔面发射半导体激光器,并对微腔激光器中自发辐射增强效应和三维封闭腔的特性给出了描述,同时展望了该器件的应用及发展前景。     

980 nm大功率垂直腔面发射激光器偏振特性

大功率垂直腔面发射激光器单管器件出光口径大、横向模式多。随着注入电流和工作温度的改变出射光偏振态在两个正交偏振基态上转换。为分析输出光偏振特性,采用500μm出光口径980nm底发射器件,通过控制器件热沉温度,利用偏振分光镜分离正交偏振基态为透射波和反射波,半导体综合参数测试仪测量其功率、中心波长等参量。分析得出:两个偏振态的光功率温度特性与未加偏振分光镜时的总输出光的温度特性基本一致,中心波长差随温度升高缓慢增加。在温度低于328K时,随着注入电流的增大,反射波首先达到阈值,形成激射。但透射光波形成激射后其斜效率大于反射波。因此在达到某个电流后两个偏振态的功率变化曲线出现交替。当温度升高到328K以上时两个偏振态的功率曲线却没有明显的交替。根据对大尺寸VCSEL器件偏振特性的研究,提出通过外腔选频的方法来控制偏振的方案,分析计算后得出外腔腔长大约为0.45mm。     

垂直腔面发射激光器研究进展

垂直腔面发射激光器(Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser,VCSEL)是40多年前被发明的,具有很多独特的优势,例如尺寸小、功耗低、效率高、寿命长、圆形光束以及二维面阵集成等。近年来,VCSEL市场发展迅速,在5G通信、光信息存储、3D传感、激光雷达、材料加工以及激光显示等领域被广泛应用。针对不同的应用需求,VCSEL的功率、速率、能效、高温性能以及波长的多样性等性能都有了长足的进步。本文首先介绍了VCSEL的研究历程和优点特性;综述了VCSEL在高功率、高速、高温下工作等方面的研究进展和应用现状;最后对VCSEL的最新应用做了介绍,展望了VCSEL的市场。     

长波长垂直腔面发射激光器研究

垂直腔面发射激光器（简称VCSEL）近年来受到了国内外科技界和企业界的高度关注，它在光通信领域具有潜在的应用．文章主要介绍了长波长垂直腔面发射激光器的发展历史、基本应用、器件结构、材料和制备工艺，最后分析了研制长波长VCSEL所遇到的问题及相应解决方法，并进行了展望．     

半导体垂直腔面发射激光器的微腔效应

应用腔量子电动力学和半导体物理学讨论了半导体垂直腔面发射激光器的微腔效应,得到了实际腔结构和注入载流子下的半导体生趣腔面发射激光器的自发发射谱,计算结果表明,半导体分布布拉格反射垂直腔激光器的单方向自发发射可以境强约２００倍。     

980 nm 垂直腔面发射激光器低欧姆接触电阻制备

研究了980 nm的垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)欧姆接触技术.降低VCSEL的欧姆接触电阻,可有效地提高VCSEL的输出功率和延长其可靠性.P面采用高掺杂的P-GaAs/Ti/Pt/Au系统,N面采用N-GaAs/Ge/Au/Ni/Au系统,通过优化合金温度,得到了最佳优化合金温度为440 ℃,最低欧姆接触电阻值为0.04 Ω,同时对比了440 ℃和450 ℃器件的输出功率和转换效率之间的对比关系.测试结果表明,440 ℃器件的欧姆接触电阻0.04 Ω,峰值波长980.1 nm,光谱的半高宽0.8 nm,平行发散角θ_‖ 15.2°,垂直发散角θ_⊥ 13.5°,输出功率1.4 W,转换效率最大值为14.4%,而450℃的器件欧姆接触电阻为0.049 Ω,输出功率为1.3 W,转换效率为12.8%.通过优化合金温度能有效地降低980 nm的VCSEL欧姆接触电阻.     

小发散角垂直腔面发射激光器的设计与制作

针对垂直腔面发射激光器单管及列阵器件较大的远场发散角,对大直径单管器件及列阵单元器件的有源区中的电流密度分布进行了模拟计算,分析了器件高阶横模产生的原因.分别采用优化p面电极直径和镀制额外金层结构来抑制单管及列阵器件远场光斑中的高阶边模,所制作的氧化孔径为600 μm的单管器件的远场发散角半角宽度从30°降低到15°;...     

高功率1060 nm垂直腔面发射激光器

为了提高1060 nm垂直腔面发射激光器（VCSEL）的性能,本文对大功率1060 nm VCSEL进行了理论模拟和实验研究。计算得到红移速度为0.40 nm/K,据此确定增益和腔模失配量为-20 nm。对比分析了6种不同InGaAs组分和厚度的量子阱,以及3种不同势垒材料的增益特性和输出特性,模拟结果表明,应变补偿的InGaAs/GaAsP量子阱有源区在温度稳定性、阈值电流以及功率方面更有优势。对P型分布式布拉格反射镜（DBR）进行优化设计,优化DBR渐变层厚度和对数,有助于获得更好的输出特性。采用金属有机化学气相沉积生长了InGaAs/GaAsP应变补偿量子阱结构的VCSEL外延片,并制备了单管和阵列VCSEL,实验数据和理论分析基本吻合。实验测得,288单元VCSEL阵列在4.5 A电流下,连续输出功率为2.62 W,最高电光转换效率为36.8%,5 mm×5 mm VCSEL阵列准连续条件下（脉宽为100μs,占空比为1%）,且在100 A电流下,获得峰值功率为53.4 W。     

长波长垂直腔面发射激光器研究

垂直腔面发射激光器（简称VCSEL）近年来受到了国内外科技界和企业界的高度关注,它在光通信领域具有潜在的应用.文章主要介绍了长波长垂直腔面发射激光器的发展历史、基本应用、器件结构、材料和制备工艺,最后分析了研制长波长VCSEL所遇到的问题及相应解决方法,并进行了展望.     

High power 808 nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser with multi-ring-shaped-aperture structure

The carrier conglomeration effect has been one of the main problems in developing electrically pumped high power vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with large aperture. We demonstrate a high power 808 nm VCSEL with multi-ring-shaped-aperture (MRSA) to weaken the carrier conglomeration effect. Compared with typical VCSEL with single large aperture (SLA), the 300-μm-diameter VCSEL with MRSA has more uniform near field and far field patterns. Moreover, MRSA laser exhibits maximal CW light output power 0.3 W which is about 3 times that of SLA laser. And the maximal wall-plug efficiency of 17.4% is achieved, higher than that of SLA laser by 10%.     

InP-based wavelength tunable vertical cavity surface emitting laser structures

We report on the design, fabrication and characteristics of both hybrid and monolithic micro-electro-mechanically wavelength tunable 1.55 μm InP-based Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) structures. Photo-pumped tunable VCSELs are successfully realized using both configurations, and a design for electrically pumped tunable VCSEL is presented. To cite this article: I. Sagnes et al., C. R. Physique 4 (2003).     

Modelocked quantum dot vertical external cavity surface emitting laser

We report the first successful modelocking of a vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) with a quantum dot (QD) gain region. The VECSEL has a total of 35 QD-layers with an emission wavelength of about 1060 nm. In SESAM modelocked operation, we obtain an average output power of 27.4 mW with 18-ps pulses at a repetition rate of 2.57 GHz. This QD-VECSEL is used as-grown on a 450 μm thick substrate, which limits the average output power.     

Intracavity frequency-doubled green vertical external cavity surface emitting laser

An intracavity frequency-doubled vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) with green light is demonstrated. The fundamental frequency laser cavity consists of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) of the gain chip and an external mirror. A 12-mW frequency-doubled output has been reached at 540 nm with a nonlinear crystal LBO when the fundamental frequency output is 44 mW at 1080 nm. The frequency doubling efficiency is about 30%.     

高速调制响应垂直腔面发射激光器中的微腔效应

应用微腔物理和量子阱物理，计算了量子阱垂直腔面发射激光器的自发发射谱和自发发射寿命，通过对半导体激光器传输函数的研究，发现缩短自发发射寿命是垂直腔面发射激光器实现高速调制响应的主要原因.     

Room temperature continuous wave visible vertical cavity surface emitting laser

Visible VCSEL laser operated at room temperature continuous wave has been achieved by H+ implants using tungsten wires as an implantation mask. The laser wavelength is 650 nm, and the maximum output without heat-sink exceeds 85 W at CW operation. We also calculated the thermal resistance of the device.     

表面液晶-垂直腔面发射激光器阵列的热特性

液晶与垂直腔面发射半导体激光器(VCSELs)阵列结合可实现波长可调谐、偏振精确控制等,同时液晶的引入也会改变垂直腔面发射半导体激光器阵列的热特性,本文设计了表面液晶-垂直腔面发射激光器阵列结构,并开展了阵列的热特性实验研究.对比分析了向列相液晶层对VCSEL阵列热特性的影响,实验结果表明,1×1,2×2,3×3三种表面液晶-VCSEL阵列的阈值电流温度变化率最高可降低23.6%,热阻降低26.75%;同时,激光器阵列各发光单元之间的温度均匀性显著提高,出光孔与周围温差小于0.5℃.综上所述,VCSEL阵列中液晶层的引入不仅大大加速激光器阵列单元热量扩散,而且降低了有源区结温,提高了VCSELs激光器阵列热特性,为实现高光束质量的单偏振波长可控VCSEL激光器阵列打下了良好的理论和实验基础.     

多横模垂直腔面发射激光器及其波长特性

基于氧化限制型内腔接触垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL) 结构设计, 研究了VCSEL的多横模分布及其模式波长分裂特性与氧化孔径尺寸、形状的关系. 在实验基础上, 通过建立有效折射率模型, 并利用标量亥姆霍兹方程的迭代算法理论, 分别对椭圆形氧化孔径和圆形氧化孔径VCSEL的横向模式特性进行模拟研究, 计算得到不同形状孔径的多横模光场分布情况, 同时测量得到高阶横模多频输出光谱. 研究发现, 椭圆氧化孔形状不仅影响横模分布特性, 还会导致每个模式的波长产生分裂, 分裂值可达0.037 nm. 同时, 随着氧化孔径的增大, 波长分裂影响会逐渐减小, 直至趋近于圆形氧化孔径的分布特性. 研究结果为进一步实现氧化限制型VCSEL的多横模锁定提供了有益参考和借鉴.     

Comprehensive modeling of vertical external cavity surface emitting laser with resonant periodic gain

One of the promising laser constructions having much attention in the past years is thin-disc semiconductor lasers with the resonant periodic gain in a form of multiple quantum wells. The 3D numerical model is developed based on combining bi-directional beam propagation method with the round-trip operator technique. The standing wave effect in resonant gain structure and diffraction in the external laser cavity are taken into account explicitly. Characteristics of optical modes are found numerically for cylindrical vertical extended cavity surface emitting laser with above-threshold pumping. Variation of distance to the external mirror is found to result in notable changes in power and optical quality of the output beam. The decisive role of gain and index non-linearities in these changes is identified.     

Bistable lasing of the vertical cavity surface emitting laser with a saturable absorber

The energy characteristics of a quantum-dot (QD) semiconductor laser with a saturable absorber in the regime of bistable lasing, which allow one to implement the device in a monolithic form, are calculated. The active and passive layers of the laser may include the same QDs. The phonon- and collision-related mechanisms of relaxation of carriers, which are substantial for the experiment, are considered. Formulas are derived for the saturation intensity, weak-signal gain/absorption coefficients, and their asymptotic dependence on the pump current. The restriction factor for filling by carriers, Fermions, and the possibility of fast capture of carriers by QDs are taken into account, and distinctions from the two-level model of saturation are demonstrated. It is shown that, to ensure the bistable mode for the laser with a saturable absorber, it is preferable to choose the resonance mode tuned to the excited state of the exciton, with predominant collision-related relaxation mechanism.