基体结构对Al/BN涂层性能的影响

Al/BN涂层是一种适用于450℃以下的可磨耗封严涂层,常应用于燃气轮机压气机部位的气路封严。等离子喷涂Al/BN涂层在机械加工后常出现涂层表面疏松及涂层表面粗糙度不均匀的现象,在服役过程中会出现不可预料的涂层脱落以及粘附叶片等现象,影响发动机性能和可靠性。本文针对等离子喷涂Al/BN可磨耗封严涂层开展热喷涂工艺研究,对涂层显微组织、拉伸结合强度、硬度等性能检测及评价,并着重研究基体材料结构对涂层性能的影响,结果表明相对于平板试片,带有螺纹结构试片的涂层结合强度稍高,但其Al/BN涂层与底层厚度不均匀,造成结合强度值波动较大。     

纳米SiO_2/有机硅聚丙烯酸复合防冰涂层的制备及性能研究

以有机硅聚丙烯酸为成膜物质,经γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)表面化学改性后的纳米SiO_2粒子(经甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯活化)为无机填料,制备纳米SiO_2/有机硅聚丙烯酸复合防冰涂层。利用红外测试(FT-IR)、热失重(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)等研究了纳米SiO_2表面化学改性的机制,探讨了纳米SiO_2用量对涂层表面形貌、浸润性及涂层与冰层之间粘附性能的影响。结果表明,KH-570化学改性提高了纳米SiO_2在涂层中的分散性并有效地提高了涂层表面的疏水性能,当KH-570化学改性后的纳米SiO_2用量为8%时,涂层表面水的接触角为150°,呈现超疏水特性;涂层与冰层之间粘附力随纳米SiO_2用量增加呈现下降趋势,当纳米SiO_2用量为8%时,涂层与冰层之间的粘附力仅为树脂涂膜的30%左右。KH-570化学改性后的纳米SiO_2与低表面能有机硅聚丙烯酸树脂的协同效应使涂层具有了良好的疏水防冰性能。     

超疏水仿生水泥混凝土路面防覆冰技术及效能评价

通过微纳米路表构建与超疏水材料涂覆技术相结合,制备了超疏水仿生水泥混凝土路面模型试件;开展超疏水材料涂覆技术研究,分析总结其制备工艺;采用自行设计的"冰-路"附着强度测试装置进行防覆冰性能测试,同时开展接触角测量试验、路面表面能计算及耐久性试验,综合评价超疏水仿生水泥混凝土路面的疏水、防冰效能。结果表明:超疏水水泥混凝土试件表面冰的残留率为29.9%,是普通试件的1/3左右,间接反映了超疏水路面具有较好的疏冰性能;与普通试件的接触角0°相比,超疏水水泥混凝土试件的接触角为153.5°,达到超疏水状态;表面能计算表明超疏水材料的作用降低了路面表面能,仅为普通水泥路面的3.4%,进一步验证了超疏水水泥混凝土路面可显著降低"冰-路"附着强度;通过模拟轮胎与路面的摩擦作用,接触角依然在90°以上,表明超疏水路面耐久性良好。     

低温等离子体对聚碳酸酯材料表面改性的时效研究

叙述了低温等离子体对聚碳酸酯材料的表面改性,并通过接解角和表面能的测量,研究工作气体和处理时间对改性的影响及改性后的时效性。实验结果表明,ＰＣ表面经等离子体改性后,接触角减少;表面能增加;浸润性得到改善。     

氧化还原法制备超疏水表面及其防覆冰性能

使用化学氧化还原法制备出疏水性能优异的超疏水表面,使用接触角测量仪、扫描电镜对表面浸润性及形貌进行表征分析。制得的铝基体超疏水表面接触角高达163.31°,滚动角小于5°。探究不同反应时间对表面形貌和浸润性的影响,使用自制的结冰监测系统对制备出的超疏水表面的静态和动态水滴防覆冰性能进行探究,并结合一维传热理论和经典成核理论对实验结果进行分析。结果表明,反应80min时表面疏水效果最好,超疏水表面静态水滴延缓结冰时间约是普通样品的5倍,结冰温度也低了3.3℃,动态水滴撞击表面时,超疏水表面始终无积水和覆冰,表现出优异的静态和动态防覆冰性能。     

铝合金磷酸阳极化及胶接性能分析

采用磷酸阳极化方法对铝合金试片进行了处理并测试了其粘接性能.测试了铝合金试片表面预处理和阳极化后的性能,研究了阳极化工艺参数对接头胶接性能的影响,观察了磷酸阳极化处理后的铝合金试片的表面形貌和其与胶粘剂粘接时的粘接界面,分析了其粘接拉剪破坏的失效模式.结果表明,金属表面预处理和阳极化不影响铝合金试片的性能.阳极化处理不仅改变了铝合金胶接表面的材料组成,而且在铝合金试片粘接表面形成厚度可达90μm、凹凸不平的、多孔的膜.胶接时胶粘剂能够渗透进入阳极化铝合金表面孔洞并在粘接界面形成厚度约为20μm的过渡层.阳极化处理提高了铝合金粘接副之间的拉剪强度,其最大拉剪强度为45.99MPa,其接头拉剪破坏模式为混合破坏,而未阳极化的铝合金胶接副的拉剪强度只有13.59 MPa.     

炭纤维表面性质及上浆剂对炭纤维聚碳酸酯复合材料界面性能的影响

通过对比未处理炭纤维、氧化炭纤维、商业化环氧树脂用炭纤维和实验室用聚氨酯及环氧树脂自上浆炭纤维的表面性质和其增强聚碳酸酯层间剪切强度,研究炭纤维表面性质与上浆剂对界面结构与性能的影响。结果表明,未处理炭纤维表面官能团与树脂的浸润性最小,层剪值最低为38.1 MPa。氧化纤维表面官能团增加,浸润性提高,层剪值提高到50.6 MPa。商业化环氧树脂用炭纤维表面官能团与树脂浸润性相比氧化纤维明显提高,层剪值相当,为50.8 MPa。说明浸润性是强界面产生前提,但不是充分条件。自上环氧浆炭纤维复合材料的层剪值相比商业炭纤维更低,约为31.7～39.5 MPa,而聚氨酯上浆炭纤维表面官能团与浸润性跟商业化环氧树脂用炭纤维相当,但层剪值提升18.9%,为60.4 MPa。说明界面结合强度提高的原因更依赖于氨酯键与炭纤维表面及聚碳酸酯树脂基体均能产生强的化学作用。     

医用涤纶表面壳聚糖化学接枝法制备及细菌粘附研究

通过化学方法构建了壳聚糖长链分子接枝的涤纶表面,并研究了其细菌粘附性质.XPS全谱显示接枝表面出现氮元素峰,表明壳聚糖分子已成功接枝于材料表面.表皮葡萄球菌对材料进行细菌粘附比较,平板菌落计数法的实验结果表明表面接枝了壳聚糖的PET具有一定的抗细菌粘附能力.计算细菌与材料之间的粘附自由能△Fadh表明细菌对PET表面的粘附自由能为负值,而细菌对壳聚糖分子接枝PET表面的AFadh＞0,因此细菌对其表面的粘附过程难于发生,即使粘附也是可逆的.     

钕掺杂ZnO薄膜的制备及抗凝血性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射方法在硅(100)衬底上制备了不同含量元素钕(Nd)掺杂的氧化锌薄膜.XRD分析表明,所有ZnO薄膜都具有c轴择优取向.随着Nd掺杂量的增加,(002)衍射峰的强度减弱,颗粒的尺寸变小.紫外-可见光谱分析表明,所有薄膜在可见光区的透过率超过85%,随着Nd掺杂量的增加,光学带隙从3.30 eV增加到3.40 eV.用XPS对薄膜的表面化学态进行表征,Nd元素在ZnO薄膜表面以Nd3+离子态存在.用接触角测试薄膜表面的浸润性,并计算其表面能.用血小板粘附实验研究不同含量Nd掺杂ZnO薄膜的血液相容性,其结果表明稀土钕掺杂后血小板的粘附数量和形变都较少,稀土掺杂和疏水性的提高是改善氧化锌薄膜抗凝血性能的主要原因.     

链长对炭纤维/聚芳基乙炔复合材料界面性能的影响

采用在炭纤维表面接枝含有不同链长的偶联剂的方法, 研究了链长对炭纤维/聚芳基乙炔复合材料界面性能的影响。纤维和树脂的浸润性通过纤维表面能的测定以及纤维表面能和浸润性的讨论进行了评价。通过复合材料界面剪切强度测试以及断口形貌分析对炭纤维/聚芳基乙炔复合材料的界面性能进行了研究。结果表明, 随着炭纤维表面链长的增长, 炭纤维/聚芳基乙炔复合材料的界面粘结性能随之提高。界面粘结性能的提高主要归因于接枝于炭纤维表面的偶联剂的分子链和聚芳基乙炔树脂分子链发生了物理缠结作用, 并且这种缠结作用随着纤维表面分子链的长度的增加而增强。      

Surface modification of polymers by ion-assisted reaction

This paper deals with a new surface modification technique of polymers, the so-called ion-assisted reaction (IAR) to improve the surface properties of polymers and provides outstanding experimental results regarding wettability and adhesion of various polymers. In the IAR, polymer surfaces were subjected to low energy ion irradiation at different dosage in reactive gas environment. Dramatic improvements in wettability and surface energy are observed for the IAR-treated polymer surfaces and can be explained by the addition of functional groups, responsible for the increase of polar component in surface energy. The formation of functional groups results from the interaction among ion, reactive gas and polymer chain involved in IAR treatment, depending on the reactive ion species, the flow rate of the reactive gas and the irradiating ion fluence. The improvement in adhesion between the IAR-treated polymers and coating materials was explained in terms of the increased surface energy as well as surface roughness in the polymers modified by the IAR and possible adhesion enhancement mechanism is to be discussed.     

Adhesive properties of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film surfaces treated by DC glow discharge plasma

In this study, the adhesive properties of the plasma modified polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film surfaces have been investigated. Hydrophilicity of these polymer film surfaces was studied by contact angle measurements. The surface energy of the polymer films was calculated from contact angle data using Fowkes method. The chemical composition of the polymer films was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the changes in surface feature of the polymer surfaces due to plasma treatment. The adhesion strength of the plasma modified film was studied by T-peel strength test. The results showed a considerable improvement in surface wettability even for short exposure times. The AFM and XPS analyses showed changes in surface topography and formation of polar groups on the plasma modified PP and PET surfaces. These changes enhanced the adhesive properties of polymer film surfaces.     

Control of interfacial adhesion in continuous carbon and kevlar fiber reinforced polymer composites

Carbon fiber surfaces were treated by cold plasmas of oxygen, nitrogen, argon, ammonia, and propylene. A two-component bismaleimide, an epoxy, and a model thermoplastic resin polypropylene were used as the matrices for composites. The effectiveness of various plasmas in improving the interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and matrix resins was demonstrated. Predominant adhesion promotion mechanisms as influenced by various plasma treatments were determined. Oxygen and argon plasmas were found to promote mechanical keying by increasing the level of fiber surface roughness and porosity. The wettability of carbon fiber surface by the matrix resin was also enhanced by oxygen plasmas and argon plasmas (to a lesser extent), as evidenced by the increased total surface energies and their polar components. These surface energy increases are mainly due to the various oxygen-containing functional groups observed on the oxygen plasma-treated surface. For the cases of ammonia and combined ammonia/argon plasma treatments, possible chemical bonding between bismaleimide and the plasma-deposited amine groups is one important promoter of interfacial bonding. In these cases increased wettability was also observed. Ammonia and ammonia/argon plasmas appear to be the more appropriate treatments for carbon-fiber/thermoset resin composites considering that they generally do not induce any appreciable reduction in fiber strength. In contrast, excessively prolonged exposure of carbon fibers to oxygen, nitrogen or argon plasma could lead to a significant reduction in fiber strength. The plasma-polymerized polypropylene deposited on the fiber surface was capable of improving the compatibility and adhesion between the fiber and the polypropylene matrix.     

Effect of reflow temperature and substrate roughness on wettability,IMC growth and shear strength of SAC387/Cu bonds

The effect of reflow temperature and substrate surface roughness on wettability, intermetallics and shear strength of Sn–3.8Ag–0.7Cu solder alloy on copper (Cu) substrate was studied. It was found that increase in reflow temperature and substrate surface roughness improved the wettability of solder alloy. The size of needle shaped Cu₆Sn₅ IMCs (intermetallic compounds) increased with increase in temperature. The morphology of IMCs transformed from long to short needles with increase in substrate roughness. Shear strength and shear energy of the solder bond on rough Cu surfaces were found to be higher than that on smooth Cu surfaces. However, the sheared surfaces of the solder bond on rough Cu surface exhibited a transition ridge characterised by sheared IMCs whereas solder bond on smooth Cu surfaces exhibited completely ductile failure. Although, rough surface exhibited higher shear strength and shear energy, smoother surface is preferable due to its predominant bond failure in the solder matrix.     

芳纶纤维/浆粕表面能及其复合纸性能

测定了几种间位芳纶短纤维、芳纶纯浆粕及其复合纸的表面接触角,结合倒数平均调和方程计算了芳纶纤维及复合纸的表面能。通过芳纶纸中纤维与浆粕界面张力及粘附功的计算,分析芳纶纤维及浆粕的表面能与其复合纸性能的关系。结果表明:采用水和乙二醇作为接触角测试液体时,芳纶纤维及浆粕的表面能为35～45 mJ·m-2。其中,芳纶短纤维表面能稍高于芳纶浆粕,芳纶短纤维及浆粕的极性分量大于色散分量,表面能越高越利于增强表面可润湿性,粘附功越大。热压导致芳纶复合纸表面能下降,相对于Nomex纸,自制芳纶复合纸的表面能降低得更明显。芳纶短纤维与浆粕的色散分量和极性分量越匹配,表面能之差及界面张力越小,则芳纶复合纸中纤维之间的粘接力越强,抗张指数也越高。      

On ice-releasing properties of rough hydrophobic coatings

In this work, ice repellency of rough hydrophobic coatings based on different materials and with different surface topographies is evaluated. The coatings were prepared either from a fluoropolymer incorporated with nanoparticles or by etching aluminum alloy substrate followed by further hydrophobization of the rough surface via an organosilane monolayer adsorbed from solution. This allowed comparing the ice-releasing performance of rough surfaces with high water contact angles (∼ 150-153°) and different dynamic hydrophobicities and mechanical properties. Artificially created glaze ice, similar to naturally occurring glaze, was accreted on the surfaces by spraying supercooled water microdroplets in a wind tunnel at subzero temperature. The ice adhesion strength was evaluated by spinning the samples in a centrifuge at constantly increasing speeds until ice detachment occurred. The results showed that, after several icing-deicing cycles, the more robust surfaces prepared by etching the aluminum substrate maintained their ice-releasing properties better, compared to their counterparts based on nanoparticle-incorporated fluoropolymer. The effect of the dynamic hydrophobicity of the coatings was also examined, clearly demonstrating that the surface with low dynamic hydrophobicity is not ice-repellent, although it demonstrates large values of water contact angle.     

Relationships between water wettability and ice adhesion

Ice formation and accretion may hinder the operation of many systems critical to national infrastructure, including airplanes, power lines, windmills, ships, and telecommunications equipment. Yet despite the pervasiveness of the icing problem, the fundamentals of ice adhesion have received relatively little attention in the scientific literature and it is not widely understood which attributes must be tuned to systematically design "icephobic" surfaces that are resistant to icing. Here we probe the relationships between advancing/receding water contact angles and the strength of ice adhesion to bare steel and twenty-one different test coatings (～200-300 nm thick) applied to the nominally smooth steel discs. Contact angles are measured using a commercially available goniometer, whereas the average strengths of ice adhesion are evaluated with a custom-built laboratory-scale adhesion apparatus. The coatings investigated comprise commercially available polymers and fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (fluorodecyl POSS), a low-surface-energy additive known to enhance liquid repellency. Ice adhesion strength correlates strongly with the practical work of adhesion required to remove a liquid water drop from each test surface (i.e., with the quantity [1 + cos θ(rec)]), and the average strength of ice adhesion was reduced by as much as a factor of 4.2 when bare steel discs were coated with fluorodecyl POSS-containing materials. We argue that any further appreciable reduction in ice adhesion strength will require textured surfaces, as no known materials exhibit receding water contact angles on smooth/flat surfaces that are significantly above those reported here (i.e., the values of [1 + cos θ(rec)] reported here have essentially reached a minimum for known materials).     

NiTi纤维表面处理及其树脂基复合材料的界面特性

NiTi纤维表面呈惰性,表面能低,NiTi纤维与树脂间界面粘结性差.为了提高界面性能,采用硅烷偶联剂、表面涂层和低温冷等离子体技术等方法对NiTi纤维表面进行处理,改善纤维表面的浸润性,达到纤维与树脂界面良好的粘结.对复合材料进行界面剪切强度的测定,并利用扫描电镜观察拔脱纤维表面形貌的变化.研究表明:NiTi纤维经不同方法处理后,纤维的浸润性和界面的粘结强度均有不同程度的改变,其中冷等离子体处理的纤维再经硅烷处理,其复合材料IFSS提高2.94倍,ILSS提高1.45倍,且纤维与树脂粘合较好.     

Polyetheretherketone and titanium surface treatments to modify roughness and wettability-Improvement of bioactivity and antibacterial properties

Among the materials available for implant production,titanium is the most used while polyetherether-ketone (PEEK) is emerging thanks to its stability and to the mechanical properties similar to the ones of the bone tissue.Material surface properties like roughness and wettability play a paramount role in cell adhesion,cell proliferation,osteointegration and implant stability.Moreover,the bacterial adhesion to the biomaterial and the biofilm formation depend on surface smoothness and hydrophobicity.In this work,two different treatments,sandblasting and air plasma,were used to increase respectively roughness and wettability of two materials:titanium and PEEK.Their effects were analyzed with profilometry and contact angle measurements.The biological properties of the material surfaces were also investigated in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells,MG63 cells and human Dental Pulp Stem Cells.Moreover,the ability of Staphylococcus aureus to adhere and form a viable biofilm on the samples was evaluated.The biological properties of both treatments and both materials were compared with samples of Synthegra(R) titanium,which underwent laser ablation to obtain a porous micropatterning,character-ized by a smooth surface to discourage bacterial adhesion.All cell types used were able to adhere and proliferate on samples of the tested materials.Cell adhesion was higher on sandblasted PEEK samples for both MG63 and NIH-3T3 cell lines,on the contrary,the highest proliferation rate was observed on sandblasted titanium and was only slightly dependent on wettability;hDPSCs were able to proliferate similarly on sandblasted samples of both tested materials.The highest osteoblast differentiation was ob-served on laser micropatterned titanium samples,but similar effects,even if limited,were also observed on both sandblasted materials and air plasma treated titanium.The lowest bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation was observed on micropatterned titanium samples whereas,the highest biofilm formation was detected on sandblasted PEEK samples,and in particular on samples not treated with air-plasma,which displayed the highest hydrophobicity.The results of this work showed that all the tested materials were able to sustain osteoblast adhesion and promote cell proliferation;moreover,this work highlights the fea-sible PEEK treatments which allow to obtain surface properties similar to those of titanium.The results here reported,clearly show that cell behavior depends on a complex combination of surface properties like wettability and roughness and material nature,and while a rough surface is optimal for cell adhesion,a smooth and less hydrophilic surface is the best choice to limit bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.     

阳极氧化处理增强Al-Li合金胶接板剪切强度的机理

为揭示磷酸阳极氧化处理后Al-Li合金胶接接头剪切强度大幅度增强的机理,分别对其进行机械打磨和磷酸阳极化表面处理,并选用不同的分析仪器对表面处理后的Al-Li合金表面微观形貌、粗糙度、表面润湿性和表面自由能进行测试计算和分析。结果表明,机械打磨后仅在Al-Li合金表面留下纵横交错的沟槽,而磷酸阳极化处理后使得Al-Li合金表面产生了微观粗糙的多孔膜,增加了胶层与合金表面的接触面积,改善了胶质分布的均匀性;磷酸阳极化处理后Al-Li合金表面自由能明显提高,改善了粘接界面的润湿性能。两方面的共同作用,使得胶接界面的抗剪切能力大幅提高。