Solving dynamic economic dispatch problem with security constraints using bacterial foraging PSO-DE algorithm

This paper presents a heuristic optimization methodology, namely, Bacterial foraging PSO-DE (BPSO-DE) algorithm by integrating Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE) for solving non-smooth non-convex Dynamic Economic Dispatch (DED) problem. The DED problem exhibits non-smooth, non-convex nature due to valve-point loading effects, ramp rate limits, spinning reserve capacity, prohibited operating zones and security constraints. The proposed hybrid method eliminates the problem of stagnation of solution with the incorporated PSO and DE operators in original bacterial foraging algorithm. It achieves global cost by selecting the bacterium with good foraging strategies. The bacteria with good foraging strategies are obtained in the updating process of every chemo-tactic step by the PSO operator. The DE operator fine tunes the solution obtained through bacterial foraging and PSO operator. A 3- and 7-unit systems for static economic dispatch, a 26-bus, 6-generator test system and an IEEE 39-bus, 10-unit New England test systems are considered to show the effectiveness of the proposed method over other methods reported in the literature.     

A novel hybrid PSO-PS optimized fuzzy PI controller for AGC in multi area interconnected power systems

In this paper, a novel hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Pattern Search (PS) optimized fuzzy PI controller is proposed for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of multi area power systems. Initially a two area non-reheat thermal system is used and the gains of the fuzzy PI controller are optimized employing a hybrid PSO and PS (hPSO-PS) optimization technique. The superiority of the proposed fuzzy PI controller has been shown by comparing the results with Bacteria Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), conventional Ziegler Nichols (ZN), Differential Evolution (DE) and hybrid BFOA and PSO based PI controllers for the same interconnected power system. Additionally, the proposed approach is further extended to multi source multi area hydro thermal power system with/without HVDC link. The superiority of the proposed approach is shown by comparing the results with some recently published approaches such as ZN tuned PI, Variable Structure System (VSS) based ZN tuned PI, GA tuned PI, VSS based GA tuned PI, Fuzzy Gain Scheduling (FGS) and VSS based FGS for the identical power systems. Further, sensitivity analysis is carried out which demonstrates the ability of the proposed approach to wide changes in system parameters, size and position of step load perturbation The proposed approach is also extended to a non-linear power system model by considering the effect of governor dead band non-linearity and the superiority of the proposed approach is shown by comparing the results of hybrid BFO-PSO and craziness based PSO approach for the identical interconnected power system. Finally, the study is extended to a three area system considering both thermal and hydro units with different controllers in each area and the results are compared with hybrid BFO-PSO and ANFIS approaches.     

PSO based bio inspired algorithms for reactive power planning

Reactive power source planning problem has significant role for secure and economic operation of power system. Reactive power planning problem is nothing but the proper coordination of existing Var sources which lead to loss minimization and cost economic operation of the system. In the proposed approach several bio-inspired algorithms like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO), Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO), Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) and Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFA) are used for the reactive power planning problem. Finally a comparison of all these techniques are made on the basis of the results obtained when applied to different standard test system.     

Coordinated design of PSSs and SVC via bacteria foraging optimization algorithm in a multimachine power system

This paper develops a novel algorithm for simultaneous coordinated designing of power system stabilizers (PSSs) and static var compensator (SVC) in a multimachine power system. The coordinated design problem of PSS and SVC over a wide range of loading conditions is formulated as an optimization problem. The Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) is employed to search for optimal controllers parameters. By minimizing the proposed objective function, in which the speed deviations between generators are involved; stability performance of the system is improved. To compare the capability of PSS and SVC, both are designed independently, and then in a coordinated manner. Simultaneous tuning of the bacterial foraging based coordinated controller gives robust damping performance over wide range of operating conditions and large disturbance in compare to optimized PSS controller based on BFOA (BFPSS) and optimized SVC controller based on BFOA (BFSVC). Moreover, a statistical T test is performed to ensure the effectiveness of coordinated controller versus uncoordinated one.     

Neuro-evolutionary approaches to power system harmonics estimation

This paper focuses on exploiting two computational intelligence techniques such as artificial neural network and evolutionary computation techniques in estimation of harmonics in power system. Accurate estimation of harmonics in distorted power system current/voltage signal is essential to effectively design filters for eliminating harmonics. No standard design is available for handling of local minima and training of NN but Evolutionary Computation (EC) techniques are capable of resolving local minima. Neural Network and Evolutionary Computing (Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO)) are combined to achieve accurate estimation of different harmonics components of a distorted power system signal. First estimation of unknown parameters are carried out using BFO, then optimized output of BFO are taken as initial values of the unknown parameters for Adaline. Amplitude and phase of fundamental and harmonics components are determined from final updated values of unknown parameters using Adaline. This Adaline based Bacterial Foraging Optimization (Adaline-BFO) hybrid estimation algorithm addresses the problems of slow convergence and reduction of time generation of off-springs happening in Genetic Algorithm (GA), and to avoid local minima in Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The proposed Adaline-BFO algorithm has been applied for estimation of harmonics of the voltage obtained across the inverter terminals of a prototype Photovoltaic (PV) system. From the obtained results, it is confirmed that the proposed Adaline-BFO algorithm provides superior estimation performance in terms of improvement in % error in estimation, processing time in computation and performance in presence of inter and sub-harmonic components when compared with the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Kalman Filter (KF) and BFO algorithms.     

一种新型的电力系统无功优化算法

介绍一种类似于遗传算法的进化算法———粒子群优化算法, 并把它应用到电力系统无功优化问题中。对基本的粒子群优化算法作了适当改进, 在粒子速度更新公式中增加了一项即上一代的全局“最优”值, 相当于增加了全局极值的权重, 提高了算法的收敛性。以粒子群优化算法为基础, 选取适合于该算法的无功优化目标函数。通过对 IEEE- 14节点的仿真计算, 证明了该算法优于基本的粒子群优化算法, 且与遗传算法相比能在更少的迭代次数内搜索到更好的全局最优解。     

Optimal location of FACTS devices using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization

In this paper a new, an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) is proposed for optimizing the power system performance. Recently, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique has been applied to solve power engineering optimization problems giving better results than classical methods. Due to slow convergence and local minima, particle swarm optimization fails to give global results. To overcome these drawbacks, in this paper presents the application of improved particle swarm optimization for optimal sizing and allocation of a Static Compensator (STATCOM) and minimize the voltage deviations at all the buses in a power system. This algorithm finds an optimal settings for present infrastructure as well as optimal locations, sizes and control settings for Static Compensator (STATCOM) units. A 30 bus system is used as an example to illustrate the technique. Results show that the Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) is able to find the best solution with statistical significance and a high degree of convergence. The simulation results are presented to show a significant improvement of the power system reliability and feasibility and potential of this new approach.     

Optimal placement and parameter setting of SVC and TCSC using PSO to mitigate small signal stability problem

This paper aims to select the optimal location and setting parameters of SVC (Static Var Compensator) and TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator) controllers using PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) to mitigate small signal oscillations in a multimachine power system. Though Power System Stabilizers (PSSs) associated with generators are mandatory requirements for damping of oscillations in the power system, its performance still gets affected by changes in network configurations, load variations, etc. Hence installations of FACTS devices have been suggested in this paper to achieve appreciable damping of system oscillations. However the performance of FACTS devices highly depends upon its parameters and suitable location in the power network. In this paper the PSO based technique is used to investigate this problem in order to improve the small signal stability. An attempt has also been made to compare the performance of the TCSC controller with SVC in mitigating the small signal stability problem. To show the validity of the proposed techniques, simulations are carried out in a multimachine system for two common contingencies, e.g., load increase and transmission line outage. The results of small signal stability analysis have been represented employing eigenvalue as well as time domain response. It has been observed that the TCSC controller is more effective than SVC even during higher loading in mitigating the small signal stability problem.     

含维变异的量子粒子群算法在无功优化中的应用

量子粒子群优化算法(QPSO)避免了粒子群算法(PSO)不能保证收敛到全局最优解这个缺点,认为粒子具有量子的行为,并且可以在整个可行解空间进行搜索。无功优化问题是带有离散变量的非线性、不连续、多约束、多变量的复杂优化问题。本文考虑到优化过程中避免陷入局部最优,应用含维变异QPSO算法并结合动态调整罚函数的方法来解决无功优化问题。并对标准IEEE-30节点系统进行仿真计算,并与QPSO、PSO、GA算法进行了比较,表明该算法能够获得更好的全局最优解。     

Optimization of biomass fuelled systems for distributed power generation using Particle Swarm Optimization

With sufficient territory and abundant biomass resources Spain appears to have suitable conditions to develop biomass utilization technologies. As an important decentralized power technology, biomass gasification and power generation has a potential market in making use of biomass wastes. This paper addresses biomass fuelled generation of electricity in the specific aspect of finding the best location and the supply area of the electric generation plant for three alternative technologies (gas motor, gas turbine and fuel cell-microturbine hybrid power cycle), taking into account the variables involved in the problem, such as the local distribution of biomass resources, transportation costs, distance to existing electric lines, etc. For each technology, not only optimal location and supply area of the biomass plant, but also net present value and generated electric power are determined by an own binary variant of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). According to the values derived from the optimization algorithm, the most profitable technology can be chosen. Computer simulations show the good performance of the proposed binary PSO algorithm to optimize biomass fuelled systems for distributed power generation.     

基于改进PSO算法的电力系统无功优化

粒子群优化PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization)算法是一种简便易行、收敛快速的演化计算方法,但该算法也存在收敛精度不高,易陷入局部极值的缺点。针对这些缺点,对原算法加以改进,引入了自适应的惯性系数和变异算子,提出了一种新的改进粒子群优化MPSO(Modified Particle Swarm Optimization)算法,并将其应用于电力系统无功优化,建立了相应的优化模型。对IEEE-14节点系统及某地区70节点实际电力系统进行了仿真计算,并与PSO算法作了比较,结果表明MPSO优化算法能有效地应用于电力系统无功优化．其全局收敛性能及收敛精度均较PSO算法有了一定程度的提高。     

Bacteria foraging optimization algorithm based load frequency controller for interconnected power system

Social foraging behavior of Escherichia coli bacteria has recently been explored to develop a novel algorithm for distributed optimization and control. The Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA), as it is called now, is currently gaining popularity in the community of researchers, for its effectiveness in solving certain difficult real world optimization problems. This paper proposes BFOA based Load Frequency Control (LFC) for the suppression of oscillations in power system. A two area non-reheat thermal system is considered to be equipped with proportional plus integral (PI) controllers. BFOA is employed to search for optimal controller parameters by minimizing the time domain objective function. The performance of the proposed controller has been evaluated with the performance of the conventional PI controller and PI controller tuned by genetic algorithm (GA) in order to demonstrate the superior efficiency of the proposed BFOA in tuning PI controller. Simulation results emphasis on the better performance of the optimized PI controller based on BFOA in compare to optimized PI controller based on GA and conventional one over wide range of operating conditions, and system parameters variations.     

基于混合DE-PSO多目标算法的动态环境经济调度

电力系统中的动态环境经济调度(DEED)是一个多变量、强约束、非凸的多目标优化问题,传统方法很难进行求解。基于微分进化(DE)算法的快速收敛性和粒子群优化(PSO)算法的搜索多样性,提出一种融合2种算法优点的混合DE-PSO多目标优化算法来求解DEED问题,该算法基于外部存档集和Pareto占优原则,采用自适应参数的DE和PSO双种群更新策略以及一种改进的Pareto解集裁剪方法。引入3种指标评价算法的性能,并采用模糊决策技术从Pareto前沿中提取折中解以供决策者进行选择。经典算例的仿真结果表明所提方法能同时优化成本和排放这2个冲突的目标,且获得了比其他算法更为宽广和均匀的Pareto前沿,体现了所提方法的可行性和优越性。     

Optimal controllers designs for automatic reactive power control in an isolated wind-diesel hybrid power system

The paper presents the bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm based robust controllers for voltage deviations due to the variation of reactive power in an isolated wind-diesel hybrid power system. The isolated wind-diesel system consists of wind energy conversion system (WECS) utilizing a permanent magnet induction generator (PMIG). Further, a synchronous generator (SG) is used with the diesel engine set for power generation. The mismatch between generated and consumed reactive power in the system causes voltage fluctuations, which will occur at generator terminals. These oscillations further causes reduction in the stability and quality of the power supply. The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) are used to suppress voltage fluctuations in an isolated wind-diesel hybrid power system. The STATCOM is used as a reactive power compensator and the AVR is used to keep the terminal voltage constant for the synchronous generator. Both STATCOM and AVR are having proportional and integral (PI) controllers with single input. In modeling for the system, a normalized co-prime factorization is applied to show the possible unstructured uncertainties in the power system such as variation of system parameters and generating and loading conditions. The performance and robust stability conditions of the control system are formulated as the optimization problem, which is based on the Hα loop shaping. BFOA and PSO algorithms are implemented to solve this optimization problem and to achieve PI control parameters of STATCOM and AVR simultaneously. In order to show the efficiency of the proposed controllers, the performance of the proposed controllers is compared with the performance of the conventional controller and genetic algorithm (GA) based PI controllers for the same wind-diesel system. The dynamic responses of the system for four different small-disturbance case studies has been carried out in MATLAB environment.     

空间耦合粒子群优化算法及峰谷电价下IES-CCHP区域联合调度

综合能源系统中电力、天然气和热力系统之间的交互影响具有一定的相关性。考虑能源间转换关系以及系统对分时电价的响应,以最小化购售电计划交易成本、燃料成本和排放污染气体所产生的环境成本为目标,建立峰谷电价下冷热电联供(CCHP)系统区域联合环保经济调度模型。为解决粒子群优化算法求解模型时存在的优化效率低、易陷入局部最优、计算结果随机性强等问题,提出一种空间耦合粒子群优化算法。在粒子寻优多维参数空间上,通过引入耦合协调数学模型将各维参数有效耦合,从而使所有参数从总体上同时趋向最优解。仿真结果表明,相比经典粒子群优化算法和改进粒子群优化算法,空间耦合粒子群优化算法有较强的全局搜索能力和更可靠的优化计算结果;所提CCHP系统的联合调度模型能有效促进能源的高效利用、电力的经济调度和节能减排。     

空间耦合粒子群优化算法及峰谷电价下IES-CCHP区域联合调度

综合能源系统中电力、天然气和热力系统之间的交互影响具有一定的相关性。考虑能源间转换关系以及系统对分时电价的响应,以最小化购售电计划交易成本、燃料成本和排放污染气体所产生的环境成本为目标,建立峰谷电价下冷热电联供(CCHP)系统区域联合环保经济调度模型。为解决粒子群优化算法求解模型时存在的优化效率低、易陷入局部最优、计算结果随机性强等问题,提出一种空间耦合粒子群优化算法。在粒子寻优多维参数空间上,通过引入耦合协调数学模型将各维参数有效耦合,从而使所有参数从总体上同时趋向最优解。仿真结果表明,相比经典粒子群优化算法和改进粒子群优化算法,空间耦合粒子群优化算法有较强的全局搜索能力和更可靠的优化计算结果; 所提CCHP系统的联合调度模型能有效促进能源的高效利用、电力的经济调度和节能减排。     

Reduction in power transmission loss using fully informed particle swarm optimization

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem with transmission loss as an objective function is solved using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. PSO is employed with and without fully informed characteristic. Transmission loss is a major concern in the prevailing electrical energy crisis. The test cases used in this paper are the Ward-Hale 6-bus system, the standard IEEE 30-bus system and the standard IEEE 118-bus system. Results obtained using PSO and Fully Informed Particle Swarm Optimization (FIPS) are compared with each other and with the previously reported results in the literature. The statistical measures for fair comparison are the average power loss and the standard deviation in power loss. It has been found that FIPS outperforms PSO resulting in much reliable results.     

基于繁殖粒子群算法的火电厂负荷优化分配

针对目前火电厂负荷优化分配的问题,提出了负荷优化分配总时间的概念,并给出了具体计算公式。在标准粒子群优化算法中引入遗传算法中的杂交思想,提出了基于繁殖粒子群优化算法的负荷优化分配方法,并引入自适应惯性权重对算法进行了改进,避免了标准粒子群算法易陷入局部最优及遗传算法优化计算时间长的缺点。对算法应用在负荷优化分配中的具体问题进行了分析处理,缩短了优化计算时间,提高了算法精度。实例分析进一步验证了所提方法的有效性以及现场实用性,能够同时满足火电厂对降低成本及电网调度对负荷优化分配总时间的硬性要求。     

遗传粒子群混合算法在电厂机组负荷组合优化中的应用

粒子群优化算法应用于火电厂机组组合问题中存在早熟收敛等现象,提出3方面改进的遗传粒子群混合算法:改进粒子群初始化方法,提出粒子初始化机组运行状态组合合理性判据,并初始化一定比例的粒子使其机组负荷随机在对应机组负荷上限附近赋值;采用部分解除约束结合惩罚函数的约束处理方法,对粒子进行机组负荷平衡操作,使大部分粒子满足约束条件;通过引入遗传算法中的交叉和变异操作增加了粒子的多样性,减小了算法陷入局部极值的可能性。采用改进的遗传粒子群混合算法对3机及5机火电厂机组负荷组合进行优化,仿真结果表明,优化成功率能达到100%。     

Optimal sizing and design of CMOS analogue amplifier circuits using craziness‐based particle swarm optimization

This paper presents the optimal designs of two analogue complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) amplifier circuits, namely differential amplifier with current mirror load and two‐stage operational amplifier. A modified Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), called Craziness‐based Particle Swarm Optimization (CRPSO) technique is applied to minimize the total MOS area of the designed circuits. CRPSO is a highly modified version of conventional PSO, which adopts a number of random variables and has a better and faster exploration and exploitation capability in the multidimensional search space. Integration of craziness factor in the fundamental velocity term of PSO not only brings diversity in particles but also pledges convergence close to global best solution. The proposed CRPSO‐based circuit optimization technique is reassured to be free from the intrinsic disadvantages of premature convergence and stagnation, unlike Differential Evolution (DE), Harmony Search (HS), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The simulation results achieved for the two analogue CMOS amplifier circuits establish the efficacy of the proposed CRPSO‐based approach over those of DE, HS, ABC and PSO in terms of convergence haste, design conditions and design goals. The optimally designed analogue CMOS amplifier circuits occupy the least MOS area and show the best performance parameters like gain and power dissipation, in compared with the other reported literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.