N，N-二甲基羟胺的气相色谱分析

为核燃料后处理工艺研究建立了N, N-二甲基羟胺(DMHAN)的分析方法.对DMHAN采用FFAP毛细管柱气相色谱法分析时,在3.0×10-4～2.5×10-3mol/L范围内,峰面积与浓度具有良好的线性关系,其相关系数r=0.9992,分析方法的检测下限为3.0×10-4mol/L,测量的相对标准偏差(RSD)<1.0%.甲醇、甲醛、甲酸、硝酸、单甲基肼、乙醇、肼、甲胺在工艺可能存在的浓度范围内,对DMHAN的定量分析无显著影响.     

噻唑类表面活性剂的合成研究

以2-氨基噻唑、氯乙酰氯为原料,合成2-(2-氯乙酰胺基)噻唑中间体。中间体分别与N,N-二甲基癸基叔胺、N,N-二甲基十二烷基叔胺、N,N-二甲基十四烷基叔胺、N,N-二甲基十六烷基叔胺反应合成一系列噻唑类表面活性剂。通过单因素实验,考察了反应温度、反应时间及反应原料投料比对目标产物收率的影响。利用1HNMR和IR对目标产物结构进行表征。通过电导率法测得噻唑类表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)值分别为1.94×10~(-2)、5.01×10~(-3)、1.62×10~(-3)、4.78×10~(-4)mol/L。     

CO_2/N_2开关亲水溶剂对废机油的分离性能研究

用CO_2/N_2开关亲水性溶剂(三乙胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺(DMCHA)、N,N-二甲基丁胺(DMBA))对废机油处理,初步探讨了开关亲水溶剂的开关性及对油的溶解性,同时分析了CO_2通入时间、温度以及油、溶剂和水的比例对废机油的分离影响。结果表明,三种开关亲水性溶剂均具有较好的开关性,且和油具有很好的混溶性。开关亲水性溶剂和废机油的分离的最优条件为:以N,N-二甲基环己胺(DMCHA)为溶剂,油、溶剂和水的比例为1∶2∶6(g∶mL∶mL),CO_2通入时间为2 h,常温。在此条件下,废机油的分离效率可达到约为97%。在60℃水浴下通N_2,开关亲水溶剂可以得到回收,N,N-二甲基环己胺的回收率最终可达到约为90%。     

CO_2/N_2开关亲水溶剂对废机油的分离性能研究

用CO_2/N_2开关亲水性溶剂(三乙胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺(DMCHA)、N,N-二甲基丁胺(DMBA))对废机油处理,初步探讨了开关亲水溶剂的开关性及对油的溶解性,同时分析了CO_2通入时间、温度以及油、溶剂和水的比例对废机油的分离影响。结果表明,三种开关亲水性溶剂均具有较好的开关性,且和油具有很好的混溶性。开关亲水性溶剂和废机油的分离的最优条件为:以N,N-二甲基环己胺(DMCHA)为溶剂,油、溶剂和水的比例为1∶2∶6(g∶mL∶mL),CO_2通入时间为2 h,常温。在此条件下,废机油的分离效率可达到约为97%。在60℃水浴下通N_2,开关亲水溶剂可以得到回收,N,N-二甲基环己胺的回收率最终可达到约为90%。     

N、N-二甲基环己胺的生产及应用

一、前言 N、N-二甲基环己胺是一种无色透明、带有氨味的油状液体。是聚氨酯软泡塑料、半硬泡塑料、硬泡塑料的高效发泡催化剂,与其他叔胺类催化剂相比,由于N、N-二甲基环己胺是液体,可直接使用,操作方便,具有良好的贮存稳定性,由它配制的双组份料,互溶性好,宽容度大,易于调     

环己醇催化胺化制备N,N-二甲基环己胺

采用浸渍法制备Cu-Co-Ti-Mn-Cr/Al2O3催化剂,以环己醇和二甲胺为原料,在固定床反应器中考察了N,N-二甲基环己胺的连续生产工艺。通过对操作工艺参数优化,控制环己醇液态空速为0.5 h-1,进料比n(二甲胺)∶n(环己醇)=2∶1,反应压力1.0 MPa氢气,反应温度160℃,环己醇单程转化率达到81%,N,N-二甲基环己胺选择性达到93%。反应连续运行240 h,装置状况稳定,该路线具有较好的工业实用价值。     

N,N— 二甲基环己胺的合成及应用

评介了 N,N -二甲基环己胺的四种合成方法——N,N-二甲基苯胺催化加氢法、苯酚法、环己胺法和环己酮(醇)法,并介绍了其主要用途及国内初步应用概况。     

叔胺促进剂对乙烯基酯树脂固化影响的研究

本文采用空气浴热电偶法研究了不同叔胺促进剂对乙烯基酯树脂固化的影响,四种叔胺促进剂分别是N,N-二甲基苯胺(DMA)、N,N-二乙基苯胺(DEA)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMMA)和N-乙基-N-羟乙基苯胺(QA).通过测试乙烯基酯树脂的固化时间、放热峰和浇铸体的力学性能,结果表明,N-乙基-N-羟乙基苯胺(QA)对双...     

去氢枞酸基新型甜菜碱类两性表面活性剂的合成

从歧化松香中分离提纯去氢枞酸,然后以去氢枞酸为原料,经去氢枞酸缩水甘油酯及叔胺中间体,合成了N-(3-去氢枞酰氧基-2-羟基)丙基-N,N-二甲基羧甲基甜菜碱和N-(3-去氢枞酰氧基-2-羟基)丙基-N,N-二甲基(2-羟基)磺丙基甜菜碱这两种新型甜菜碱类两性表面活性剂。通过紫外、红外及质谱分析,对目标产物进行了结构表征,并对其表面张力和临界胶束浓度进行了测定。     

脂肪酰胺型季铵盐的合成研究

以月桂酸、N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺、3-氯-1,2-丙二醇为原料合成了脂肪酰胺丙基二甲基叔胺及其季铵盐,并对其制备工艺进行条件优化。研究表明：在叔胺合成过程中,投料摩尔比为n（脂肪酸）：n（N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺）=1：1.8,在无溶剂条件下,140℃密闭反应9h,脂肪酸的转化率可达到94.2%;季铵盐合成过程中,投料摩尔比为n（脂肪酰胺丙基-N,N-二甲基叔胺）：n（3-氯-1,2-丙二醇）=1：1.1,85℃下,持续反应5h,季铵盐产率可达90%以上。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。