浅析太阳能光热发电技术的发展

介绍了太阳能光热发电的工作原理及系统的基本组成形式:槽式、塔式、碟式,并简要介绍了国内外光热发电技术的发展历程及前景.     

太阳能光热发电技术发展现状

介绍太阳能光热发电技术系统：塔式、槽式和碟式3种太阳能光热发电系统,对各类太阳能光热发电技术与常规发电技术进行分析对比,阐述3种太阳能光热发电技术的发展现状及其存在的问题,说明太阳能光热发电具有的广阔应用前景。     

国内太阳能热发电技术发展与应用现状

本文主要介绍国内太阳能热发电技术发展情况、工程应用现状及设备生产能力概况,并对塔式、槽式、碟式、菲涅尔式4种主流的太阳能热发电技术进行了简要分析和比较,旨在基于我国太阳能热发电实际情况给出未来发展和研究方向的建议.     

酒泉光热发电的预想

介绍塔式、槽式、碟式3种主要类型的太阳能热发电系统的工作原理,并对各类太阳能热发电技术的优缺点进行了比较,最后得出太阳能热发电在酒泉地区发展的优势.     

太阳能热发电系统的研究开发现状

太阳能热发电是一种很有发展前景的大规模太阳能利用技术。介绍和分析了国内外塔式、槽式、碟式等太阳能热发电技术的研究状况,分析了这些技术的优缺点以及一些改进方案。结合我国国情,指出了我国太阳能热发电所面临的问题及挑战;根据我国可再生能源发展规划,分析了我国太阳能热发电技术的发展前景。     

太阳能光热发电中导热油循环系统的设计开发

基于槽式光热、塔式光热和碟式光热发电站的常用类型,分析光热发电中使用的化学合成型导热油的种类、物理特性和技术参数,设计开发槽式太阳能光热发电站中导热油循环系统的工艺流程。为解决因季节、昼夜和云雾、雨雪等气象条件的影响而造成太阳能供应不足的情况,设计开发了白天以槽式太阳能光热发电为主、夜晚采用燃生物质燃料或燃天然气导热油炉供热发电为辅的联合运行发电站的混合发电模式。提出了导热油循环回路系统中注油和排油的方法,研究了槽式抛物面管状集热器内导热油的最高油膜温度计算方法。     

线性菲涅尔反射式太阳能热发电系统研究进展及应用

介绍了线性菲涅尔反射式太阳能热发电系统的特点及及其优点,论述了现阶段对线性菲涅尔反射式太阳能热发电系统最新的理论及实验研究进展,最后介绍了线性菲涅尔反射式太阳能热发电站的应用情况。     

对我国发展太阳能热发电的一点看法

太阳能热发电是大规模开发利用太阳能的一个重要技术途径。由于关键技术有待重大突破,目前国外塔式、槽式、碟式系统都还面临着投资大、成本高的问题。本文分析了塔式、槽式、碟式现行三种技术路线在我国推广应用的技术难点,提出了一个新型分立式太阳能热发电技术路线。这项新技术建立在太阳聚光跟踪理论突破的基础之上,不仅具有完全自主知识产权,而且比国外现行的热发电技术更为经济高效。     

聚光型太阳能热发电现状及在我国应用的风险分析

聚光型太阳能热发电(CSP)是可能实现太阳能大规模利用的形式之一,其技术可行性已得到证明,并在个别国家进入了预商业化阶段。文章对目前世界上聚光型太阳能热发电的发展现状及未来发展障碍进行了阐述,针对我国发展CSP技术进行了风险分析,并提出了若干建议。     

用于槽式太阳能光热发电过热一体式蒸汽发生器的概念设计

文章提出了一种兼具过热段可用于槽式太阳能光热发电系统蒸汽发生器的概念机型．介绍了它的功能及运行原理。针对光热发电系统的特点对其主体结构进行了设计,使之能够适应大温差、变负荷的运行工况。从经济性和安全性的角度出发,对其运行方案及控制方案进行了分析。     

聚光太阳能发电技术应用与前景

分析了聚光太阳能发电三大技术（线性聚光系统、碟/引擎系统、电力塔系统）以及热能储存系统,阐述了其结构、工作原理与研究方向,比较了这三大技术之间的经济技术性能,介绍了适合我国太阳能辐射量大的边远地区碟/引擎系统的应用,展示了太阳能热发电技术的应用前景及对节能减排的贡献。     

Recommendations for the market introduction of solar thermal power stations

Until 2010, solar thermal power stations based on parabolic trough concentrating collectors can become a competitive option on the world's electricity market, if the market extension of this mature technology is supported by a concerted, long-term programme capable of bundling the forces of industry, finance, insurance and politics. Technical improvements based on the experience of over ten years of successful operation, series production and economies of scale will lead to a further cost reduction of 50% and to electricity costs of 0.06 - 0.04 US$/kWh for hybrid steam cycles and hybrid combined cycles, respectively. Until 2010, a capacity of 7 GW will be installed, avoiding 16 million tons of carbon dioxide per year. The programme comprises an investment of 16 billion US$ and requires external funding of 6%.     

Review of supercritical CO2 power cycles integrated with CSP

Increasing demand of electricity and severer concerns to environment call for green energy sources as well as efficient energy conversion systems. SCO₂ power cycles integrated with concentrating solar power (CSP) are capable of enhancing the competitiveness of thermal solar electricity. This article makes a comprehensive review of supercritical CO₂ power cycles integrated with CSP. A detailed comparison of four typical CSP technologies is conducted, and the cost challenge of currently CSP technologies is pointed out. The thermophysical properties of sCO₂ and the corresponding two real gas effects are analyzed elaborately to express the features of sCO₂ power cycles. An extensive review of sCO₂ layouts relevant for CSP including 12 single layouts and 1 combined layout is implemented logically. Strengths and weaknesses of sCO₂ power cycles over traditional steam-Rankine cycle generally adopted in current CSP plants are concluded, followed by metal material degration summary in CSP relevant temperature sCO₂ environment, which shows that the nickel-based alloy is a proper structural material candidate for sCO₂-CSP integration. Thermodynamic analyses of sCO₂ power cycles when integrated with CSP are divided into three level of which design-point analysis and off-design modeling are conducted and compared, more researches into the off-design point analysis, dynamic modeling, especially the transient behavior are suggested. Economic analysis of the integrated system is concluded and presents a considerable levelized cost of electricity reduction of 15.6% to 67.7% compared to that of state of art CSP. Taking the thermodynamic and economic analysis into consideration, target designs of sCO₂ power cycles for CSP are summarized in three aspects. Finally, current theoretical and experimental researches of sCO₂ power cycles integrated with CSP for market penetration are introduced. The strengths, weaknesses, and potential solutions to the gaps of three potential pathways (molten salt pathway, particle pathway, and gas phase pathway) to realize the integration of sCO₂ power cycles in the next CSP generation plants up to 700°C are reviewed. In general, the integration of sCO₂ power cycles with CSP technologies exhibits promising expectations for facilitating the competitiveness of thermal solar electricity.     

含CSP电站的风光火储联合外送系统优化配置

为解决中国西北地区的新能源消纳问题,提出一种含CSP电站的风光火储联合外送系统优化配置方法。首先,根据风光火储的互补特性建立含CSP电站的风光火储联合外送系统的典型架构,并分析其工作机制;其次,结合拉丁超立方抽样以及基于时序自相关和互相关的时序重构、时序组合和场景择优,生成考虑时序自相关和互相关性的随机场景集;接着,以计及碳排放成本的系统收益和系统新能源消纳能力最优为多目标,构建含CSP电站的风光火储联合外送系统多目标优化配置模型,并通过增广ε-约束法结合商用软件CPLEX进行求解;最后,以西北某地区2025年电网规划数据构造的算例进行仿真,验证了该配置方法能有效提高系统收益,促进风光消纳,提高系统电力送出能力。     

对太阳能热发电走向成功之路的思考

从理论方面对降低太阳能热发电投资成本的方式进行了分析,认为可通过扩大规模来降低投资成本,依靠扩大发电系统的规模和优化镜场设计来提高太阳能热发电系统的光电转换效率;碟式和点聚焦菲涅耳聚光系统的光热转换效率高,竞争力较强.当采用超大功率蒸汽轮机时,可使发电系统的规模扩大10倍、热电转换效率提高25％;按照光学效率和接收器热...     

Investigation of temperature distribution on a new linear Fresnel receiver assembly under high solar flux

A linear Fresnel collector design with an operation temperature of 300°C or above typically requires a solar flux concentration ratio of at least 20 on the surfaces of the receiver assembly. For the commercial linear Fresnel collector design in this work, the receiver assembly includes a secondary reflector and an evacuated receiver tube. The high‐concentration solar flux may impose additional operating‐temperature requirements on the secondary reflector and receiver tube. Thus, a careful heat‐transfer analysis is necessary to understand the operating temperature of the receiver assembly component surfaces under design and off‐design conditions to guide appropriate material selections. In this work, a numerical heat‐transfer analysis is performed to calculate the temperature distribution of the surfaces of the secondary reflector and receiver glass envelope for a commercial collector design. Operating conditions examined in the heat‐transfer analysis include various wind speeds and solar concentration ratios. The results indicate a surface temperature higher than 100°C on the secondary reflector surface, which suggests that a more advanced secondary reflector material is needed. The established heat‐transfer model can be used for optimization of the other types of linear Fresnel collectors.     

Heat retaining integrated collector storage solar water heater with asymmetric CPC reflector

A novel integrated collector storage solar water heater (ICSSWH) was designed, optically analysed and experimentally studied. The unit was based around a heat retaining ICS vessel design consisting of two concentric cylinders mounted horizontally inside a stationary truncated asymmetric compound parabolic concentrating (CPC) reflector trough. The annulus between the cylinders was partially evacuated and contained a small amount of water, which changed phase at low temperature, producing a vapour and creating a thermal diode transfer mechanism from the outer absorbing surface to the inner storage vessel surface. The absorbing outer vessel surface covered with selective absorber film and was partially exposed to solar radiation. The remaining vessel surface area (including the vessel ends) was thermally insulated to improve heat retention during the night. Curved reflectors with a high reflectance along with high transmittance glazing were also used to improve effective operation of the ICS system. The thermal behaviour of the ICS system was compared to that of a Flat Plate Thermosiphonic Unit (FPTU). The experimental results showed that the ICS system is as effective during daily operation as it is during the night. Furthermore, the thermal loss coefficient during night gives similar values between the ICS system and FPTU.     

直接空冷型槽式太阳能发热电系统技术经济分析

以50MW槽式太阳能直接空冷发电系统为研究对象,基于光电效率、发电量、度电成本评价指标,对空冷光热机组和水冷机组的年热力性能与经济性进行比较分析研究.结果表明:在储热时长9h下,当以年光电效率最高为优化目标时,空冷机组和水冷机组聚光器采光面积分别为425100 m2(集热场回路数130)和398940 m2(集热场回路...     

Effect of inclination on the performance of CPC solar energy collectors

A theoretical numerical model of thermal transfer in a line-axis, symmetric, compound parabolic concentrating solar energy collector (CPC) is presented. The effect of the angle of axial inclination of an east-west aligned CPC and hence the effect of the latitudinal and tracking configuration of the CPC system on performance is investigated. The angle of inclination is taken into consideration in the determination of both internal and external convective heat transfer. The convective, radiative, conductive and overall heat transfer coefficients and system efficiency for various angles of inclination, concentration ratios and insolations was determined, and are presented as graphs of heat transfer variation and Hottel-Whillier-Bliss characteristic curves respectively.