一种基于社会承诺的Agent组织模型OMSC

多Agent领域所面临的一个重大的挑战是解决开放异质的多Agent系统中自治Agent间的协调问题。多Agent为了协调它们之间的活动,需要进行交互。社会承诺作为一种通信和交互机制,为自治的多Agent提供了一种协调的途径。然而,仅靠交互难以实现多Agent间的协调。Agent组织作为一种协调模型可以有效地控制多Agent间的交互与合作。论文将社会承诺和Agent组织两种协调机制相结合,提出一种基于社会承诺的Agent组织模型OMSC,分析了Agent如何用社会承诺进行推理以及基于社会承诺的多Agent系统并给出了一个实例,为多Agent间的协调提供了一种新的方法。     

基于声誉激励机制的多Agent分配任务的方法

在一个多Agent系统中,合理的分配任务成为Agent间高效协作的关键之一.提出一种基于Agent的声誉分配任务的方法,并给出Agent的声誉模型以及基于此声誉模型分配任务的具体方法.在充分竞争的多Agent系统中,声誉效应是多Agent系统中的重要激励机制.因此,基于Agent的声誉分配任务增加了Agent间协作的协调性.     

基于Agent的分布式动态作业车间调度

Agent技术是分布式工业系统建模的一种重要方法．本文对Agent及多Agent技术进 行了简要总结,综述了Agent技术在制造作业车间调度中的应用研究概况,提出了一种基于 合同网协议投标机制的多Agent分布式动态作业车间调度方案．     

多Agent监测与诊断系统中的通信实现

多Agent通信是多Agent监测与诊断系统进行协作的基础,也是多Agent系统研究的重要内容。首先提出基于多Agent的监测与诊断系统功能模型,然后对该模型实现中所涉及的通信方法进行了深入研究,主要有基于CORBA的Agent通信、基于多线程的Agent通信和基于CAN总线的Agent通信。这三种通信方法包括多Agent监测与诊断系统中Agent间通信的全部内容,对于集成化、智能化、自动化和网络化的诊断系统的实现具有一定的指导意义。     

基于角色的多Agent系统代码自动生成技术的研究

多Agent系统代码自动生成技术是为了填补多Agent系统方法在实现阶段的空白。论文研究了基于角色的多Agent系统及其建模工具,并在此基础上提出一种基于角色的多Agent系统的代码自动生成技术,探讨了该技术的独到之处,同时展望该技术今后的研究方向。     

基于面向对象着色Petri网的多Agent系统建模

提出了一种基于面向对象着色Petri网（OOCPN）的多Agent建模方法,与其它建模方法相比,OOCPN可以全面地刻画出Agent的个体行为特征和多Agent间复杂、并行的动态交互,讨论了利用OOCPN进行个体Agent和多Agent间交互协议的建模,并通过对网上智能购物系统的实例分析,展示了OOCPN对多Agent系统的建模能力。     

知识Agent在农业决策系统中的应用研究

针对农业领域多Agent系统的特点,本文利用一种基于知识的Agent模型,该模型以知识为核心,以本体作为内部知识表示方法.在农业领域多Agent系统的设计中,采用基于黑板模型的通信方法,避免了复杂的会话层的通信设计.在知识的决策过程中,将本体与当前成熟的基于规则的推理技术相结合,使农业多Agent系统更加灵活和智能.     

一种基于Bayesian信任模型的多Agent协作系统

提出了一种基于信任机制的多Agent协作系统的形成方案.通过借鉴社会学中的人际关系信任模型,建立Agent间的信任关系,利用Bayesian方法对Agent的可信度进行评估,通过Agent间基于信任关系的链接更新形成稳定的多Agent协作系统.仿真结果证实,提出的协作方案能有效地促进Agent间的协作效率,提高共同完成任务的成功率.     

多Agent系统DOLTRI—Agent中的通信及其安全机制

本文介绍了一个基于Internet的信息检索多Agent系统DOLTRI－Agent内多个Agent间的通信框架及其安全机制。主要论述各个Agent间相互通信所采用的通信语言,通信协议以及信息交换和相互合作的方法,在此基础上提出了一种多Agent系统安全通信模型。     

基于多Agent的策略驱动网络管理体系结构

通过对基于策略的管理技术和基于智能Agent分布式系统地分析,提出了一种策略驱动的基于多Agent的网络管理体系结构,利用了策略和Agent多种特性,适合实现面向服务和自治管理的分布式管理系统。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).