维族宫颈病变HPV16存在状态及临床意义

[目的]检测新疆维吾尔族宫颈癌及癌前病变患者人乳头状瘤病毒16型(HPV16)存在状态,探索其与维族宫颈病变进展关系。[方法]对HPV16阳性维族宫颈鳞癌(SCC)和宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)活检标本采用多重实时PCR检测HPV16 E2和E6拷贝数,通过E2/E6比值判断HPV16 DNA的存在状态。[结果]随着宫颈病变程度加重,游离型HPV16逐渐减少,并且随着宫颈病变级别的升高,HPV16整合比率(混合型+整合型)逐渐上升。在CINⅠ、CINⅡ/Ⅲ、SCC以及宫颈癌Ⅰ~Ⅳ期中,整合率(1-E2/E6)都呈上升趋势,但无统计学差异。[结论]HPV16 E2基因断裂可能是新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌的致病因素之一,但尚不能认为整合率是评价维吾尔族宫颈癌前病变进展的参考指标之一。     

新疆维族妇女宫颈鳞癌中hTERT p33ING1的相关性探讨

目的：探讨p33^ING1和hTERT在新疆维族妇女宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达及其相互关系。方法：用免疫组化法检测SCC52例,CIN、CIS35例患者中p33^ING1和hTERT表达,并用正常宫颈13例作为对照。结果：1）对照组、CINⅠ＋Ⅱ级组、CINⅢ级＋CIS组、SCC组p33^ING1阳性率分别为84.6%、90.0%、64.0%、19.2%,SCC组阳性表达减少,与前三组有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;2）四组hTERT阳性率分别为15.4%、70.0%、96.0%、100%,SCC组阳性表达率明显增加,各组比较之间有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;3）宫颈组织中p33^ING1和hTERT阳性表达呈负相关（P〈0.05）。结论：新疆维族妇女宫颈癌组织中p33^ING1表达减少,而hTERT表达增加,同时检测它们的表达,有助于宫颈癌的早期诊断。     

人辅酶Ⅱ依赖性视黄醇脱氢/还原酶在新疆汉族妇女宫颈病变中的表达及意义

目的:探讨人辅酶Ⅱ依赖性视黄醇脱氢/还原酶在新疆汉族妇女宫颈病变中的表达及临床意义,为新疆地区宫颈癌高危人群的识别、预防及诊断提供依据.方法:依据病理诊断结果,将80例新疆地区汉族妇女宫颈组织标本分为4组,正常及慢性炎症组20例、CINⅠ组20例、CINⅡ-Ⅲ组20例、宫颈鳞癌组20例,采用免疫组化SP法检测不同级别宫颈病变中DHRS4基因的表达.结果:DHRS4基因在正常及慢性炎症组、CINⅠ组、CINⅡ-Ⅲ组、宫颈鳞癌组标本中阳性表达有统计学意义(P<0.05),分别进行组间比较,正常宫颈及慢性炎症组与宫颈CINⅠ组有统计学差异(P<0.05),正常宫颈及慢性炎症组与宫颈CINⅡ-Ⅲ组有统计学差异(P<0.05),正常宫颈及慢性炎症组与宫颈癌组有统计学差异(P<0.05),宫颈 CINⅠ组与宫颈癌组无统计学差异(P>0.05),CINⅡ-Ⅲ组与宫颈癌组无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论:DHRS4基因在人体宫颈鳞癌组织中高表达,且随着宫颈病变的进展表达阳性率逐渐升高,可能与宫颈疾病及其癌变的发生有关.     

人类白细胞抗原Ⅰ在新疆维吾尔族和汉族宫颈病变患者中的表达差异

目的:探讨人类白细胞抗原-Ⅰ(human leukocyte antigen-Ⅰ,HLA-Ⅰ)在新疆维吾尔族和汉族宫颈病变患者中的表达差异。方法:应用免疫组织化学法检测新疆维吾尔族和汉族妇女慢性宫颈炎、宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)和宫颈鳞状细胞癌(cervical squamous cell carcinoma,CSCC)组织中HLA-Ⅰ蛋白的表达水平。结果:在慢性宫颈炎、CIN和CSCC组织中,HLA-Ⅰ蛋白的表达水平呈现正常表达、部分缺失和完全缺失的转变。慢性宫颈炎组织中HLA-Ⅰ蛋白表达的完全缺失率为2%(1/49),CIN组织中HLA-Ⅰ蛋白表达的完全缺失率为26%(29/113),CSCC组织中HLA-Ⅰ蛋白表达的完全缺失率为49%(34/70),各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。新疆维吾尔族和汉族宫颈病变组织中HLA-Ⅰ蛋白表达的完全缺失率的上升趋势较一致,但是维吾尔族妇女CIN和CSCC组织中的完全缺失率(27%和53%)高于汉族妇女(18%和37%)。结论:HLA-Ⅰ蛋白表达缺失可能是宫颈癌发病进程的重要标志,其族群差异可能反映不同族群的遗传背景及肿瘤发病机制。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变与宫颈鳞癌组织的差异蛋白质组学研究

[目的]比较宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)与宫颈鳞癌(SCC)组织之间蛋白质组的差异,寻找与宫颈癌相关的特异性蛋白质,为研究CIN发展为宫颈癌的分子机制及临床诊治工作提供新的线索。[方法]收集正常宫颈组织9例、CIN组织23例(其中CINⅠ7例、CINⅡ8例、CINⅢ8例)及SCC组织7例。应用二维荧光差异凝胶电泳(2-DDIGE)寻找差异表达蛋白质点,基质辅助激光解析飞行时间串联质谱(MALDI-TOF/TOFMS)分析差异蛋白质点。进一步对3个重要差异蛋白S100A9、eEF1A1及PKM2应用免疫组织化学定性及WesternBlot定量检测其在宫颈组织中的表达。[结果]建立了分辨率高、重复性好的CIN与SCC的双向凝胶电泳图谱。两组差异蛋白质点共860个,标记蛋白质点46个(27个上调,19个下调),成功鉴定25个蛋白质。免疫组化及免疫印迹结果显示S100A9在SCC中表达水平高于CIN,而PKM2、eEF1A1在SCC中表达水平显著低于CIN。[结论]CIN与SCC间存在蛋白质表达的差异,这些差异表达的蛋白质可能成为宫颈癌早期诊断的标志物及治疗的新靶点。     

ER Bcl-2在宫颈病变发生中的相关性研究

  目的  探讨ER、Bcl-2蛋白在不同程度宫颈病变中的相关性及意义。  方法  免疫组织化学检测慢性宫颈炎20例、低度宫颈上皮内瘤变30例、高度宫颈上皮内瘤变70例及80例宫颈癌组织中ER和Bcl-2蛋白的表达。  结果  ER在慢性宫颈炎组中阳性率为75%,随着宫颈病变程度的加重,其表达率逐渐降低（χ2=24.266,P < 0.01）,与慢性宫颈炎组比较,CINⅡ~Ⅲ组和宫颈鳞癌组差异有统计学意义,CINⅠ组差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.751,P=0.386）。与肿瘤组织类型及病理分级无关;BCL-2在宫颈鳞癌组中阳性率为75.38%,随着宫颈病变程度的加重,其表达率逐渐增高（χ2=27.715,P < 0.01）,与慢性宫颈炎组比较,CINⅠ组、CINⅡ~ Ⅲ组及宫颈鳞癌组差异均有统计学意义。与宫颈鳞癌病理分级相关（χ2=4.862,P=0.027）,与肿瘤组织类型无关（P=0.500）;CIN Ⅱ~Ⅲ组中联合表达阳性率为38.57%（27/70）,宫颈鳞癌组中联合表达阳性率为15.38%（10/65）,差异具有统计学意义（χ2=9.108,P=0.003）。CINⅡ~Ⅲ组中ER与Bcl-2蛋白表达存在相关（r=0.506,P < 0.01）,其余组中无相关关系。  结论  在宫颈病变的进展中,ER和Bcl-2表达呈相反趋势,在CINⅡ~Ⅲ组中有相关性,联合表达阳性可能是宫颈高度上皮内瘤变发生的主要机制之一。      

Y 盒结合蛋白1表达上调与宫颈癌上皮-间质转化之间的相关性研究

目的：探讨 Y 盒结合蛋白1（YB-1）在宫颈癌中表达的临床病理意义及与上皮-间质转化的相关性。方法选取202例标本,包括50例正常宫颈组织,100例宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）及52例鳞状细胞癌（SCC）,进行 YB-1和上皮型-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）的免疫组织化学分析。结果 E-cadherin 在正常宫颈组及膜表达率为100%,CINⅡ~Ⅲ组为64%,SCC 组仅为3.85%,正常宫颈/ CINⅠ组比 CINⅡ~Ⅲ、正常/ CINⅠ比 SCC、CINⅡ~Ⅲ比 SCC 分别为χ2=40.909;χ2=119.088;χ2=25.274;均 P <0.05。E-cadherin阴性及畸形表达率在转移 SCC 组和非转移 SCC 组中分别为100.0%（20/20）和68.75%（22/32）,连续性校正性χ2=5.857,P =0.016。YB-1在 SCC 病例胞质中表达为94.23%（49/52）,CINⅡ~Ⅲ组表达率为10.00%（5/50）,正常宫颈组和 CINⅠ组表达率为0（0/100）,正常宫颈/ CINⅠ组比 CINⅡ~Ⅲ、正常/ CINⅠ比 SCC、CINⅡ~Ⅲ比 SCC 分别为χ2=72.591;χ2=139.059;χ2=5.857;均P <0.05。在宫颈癌的进展过程中,YB-1在早期 SCC 胞质表达率为60.71%（17/28）,晚期 SCC 为91.67%（22/24）,两组相比差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.603,P =0.01）。转移组和非转移组中分别为100.00%（20/20）和59.38%（19/32）,两组相比差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.833,P =0.001）。结论 YB-1过表达和宫颈上皮的恶性转化、分期进展及转移能力相关,YB-1过表达也与 E-cadherin 低表达相关,可能是预测CIN 癌变和宫颈癌侵袭转移的标志物。     

宫颈病变组织CK17蛋白表达临床意义的研究

目的:检测宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌组织中CK17的表达,并探讨其临床意义.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP 法,检测15例正常宫颈组织、15例宫颈上皮内瘤变(C1N)Ⅰ、17例CINⅡ、21例CINⅢ、36例宫颈鳞癌和8例宫颈腺癌组织中CK17的表达情况.结果:CK17在正常宫颈组织、CIN和宫颈鳞癌中的阳性表达率分别为0、56.6％和83.3％,3组相比差异有统计学意义,x2=30.177,P＜0.05.CIN Ⅰ、CINⅡ和CINⅢ中,CK17的阳性表达率分别为20.0％、64.7％和76.2％,CINⅡ组阳性率高于CINⅠ组,差异有统计学意义,P=0.016;CINⅢ组阳性率高于CINⅠ组,差异有统计学意义,P=0.002;CIN Ⅱ组和CINⅢ组阳性率差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.随着宫颈病变程度的加重,CK17的阳性表达率逐渐增高,其阳性表达同宫颈病变程度呈正相关,r=0.958,P＜0.05.结论:CK17可作为高级别CIN和浸润性鳞状细胞癌诊断及预测病变进展趋势的标志.     

维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌发生与EBV及HPV感染的关系

目的:探讨维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌发生过程中EB病毒(Ebstein-Barr virus,EBV)及人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染的作用及其意义。方法:收集维吾尔族妇女宫颈炎、宫颈内上皮瘤样病变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasja,CIN)Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ和宫颈鳞癌患者福尔马林浸泡与石蜡包埋组织标本共178例,提取DNA并采用PCR方法对EBV和HPV DNA进行检测;用免疫组织化学方法检测宫颈癌EBV蛋白表达。结果:病毒DNA检测结果显示,宫颈炎、CINⅠ、CINⅡ～Ⅲ和宫颈癌患者各组HPVDNA检出率依次足2.5%、12.5%、68.0%、96.4%,EBV DNA为0、3.1%、28.0%和69.6%,其中宫颈炎组与CINⅡ～Ⅲ和宫颈癌组问的差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05),但宫颈炎与CINI组间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。宫颈病变病理进程不仅伴随着HPV及EBVDNA阳性检出率梯度上升,而且与HPV和EBV双重感染检出率增高呈正相关(r=0.46,X~2=82.50,P0.001)。对宫颈癌组织进行免疫组织化学分析,发现EBV DNA检测阳性标本中EBV蛋白阳性表达检出率为89.7%(34/39),而阴性标本中蛋白表达阳性率为6%(1/17)。结论:维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌的发生与发展可能与HPV和EBV双重感染密切相关。     

ILK及E-钙黏蛋白的表达在宫颈鳞癌发病中的意义

目的 研究整合素连接激酶(ILK)、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)在宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)及宫颈鳞癌组织中的表达情况,分析其与临床病理资料的关系。方法 采用免疫组化方法检测ILK及E-cadherin在54例CIN、38例宫颈鳞癌及20例正常宫颈组织中的表达。结果 ILK在正常宫颈、CINⅠ、CINⅡ~Ⅲ及宫颈鳞癌中的阳性表达率分别为25.0%、68.8%、78.9%、97.3%。ILK在CIN及宫颈鳞癌中的阳性表达率显著高于正常宫颈(P＜0.05)。E-cadherin在正常宫颈、CINⅠ、CINⅡ~Ⅲ及宫颈鳞癌中的阳性表达率分别为100.0%、75.0%、55.3%、36.8%。E-cadherin在CIN及宫颈鳞癌中的阳性表达率显著低于正常宫颈(P＜0.05)。在宫颈鳞癌组织中ILK的表达与E-cadherin呈负相关(r=-0.531,P＜0.01)。E-cadherin阳性表达还与宫颈鳞癌临床分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05)。结论 ILK、E-cadherin可作为区分正常宫颈组织与CIN及宫颈鳞癌的标记物,E-钙黏蛋白还与宫颈癌恶性生物学行为有关。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.