TEOS溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO_2-有机杂化材料研究进展

无机-有机杂化材料是指将无机和有机材料以一定的方法键合在一起而得到的一种新型复合材料。随着溶胶-凝胶法的发展,Si O2及其Si O2-有机杂化材料的合成过程越来越多样化,产物形态更为复杂,产物结构表现出一定的可控性。本文分别对溶胶-凝胶法制备Si O2-有机杂化材料诸方面最新研究进展进行总结与评述。     

聚酰亚胺／无机纳米杂化材料制备方法EI北大核心CSCD

本发明提供了一种聚酰亚胺／无机纳米杂化材料制备方法,首先合成适用于聚酰亚胺的无机纳米粒子改性剂——亚胺环基硅烷;采用溶胶-凝胶法制备无机氧化物纳米粒子,在溶胶一凝胶反应过程中加入改性剂亚胺环基硅烷,得到有机-无机复合体纳米颗粒;将有机-无机复合体纳米颗粒均匀分散于聚酰胺酸溶液中,经过加热处理得到聚酰亚胺／无机纳米杂化材料。本发明的聚酰亚胺／无机纳米杂化材料制备方法解决了纳米粒子分散的难题,在聚酰亚胺／无机纳米杂化材料中纳米粒子分布均匀,不团聚,有利于其各项性能的充分发挥。     

聚合物/无机纳米复合材料研究进展

本文对无机纳米材料的结构特征及预处理技术 ,对用于制备聚合物 /无机纳米复合材料的直接分散法、插层复合法、溶胶 -凝胶 (sol-gel)法等 3种方法及聚合物 /无机纳米复合材料的性能进行了综述。并对本领域今后的发展趋势提出了一些看法。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备有机-无机杂化光波导材料研究进展

有机-无机杂化材料因同时具有有机功能基团和无机功能基团的结构特点而易于有机光活性物质和无机活性物质的掺杂已被人们广泛关注和大力研究.溶胶-凝胶法是制备有机-无机杂化光波导材料的主要方法.阐述了溶胶-凝胶法制备杂化材料的原理,比较了几种目前研究得较多的有机-无机杂化光波导材料体系,指出了各自的优缺点,介绍了杂化材料制备光波导器件的工艺流程,最后归纳了溶胶-凝胶法制备有机-无机杂化光波导材料过程中存在的问题.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备有机/无机纳米杂化涂料的现状及展望

溶胶-凝胶法制备的有机/无机纳米杂化涂料具有许多优点。介绍了溶胶-凝胶法制备有机/无机纳米杂化涂料的研究现状,并对此作出了展望。     

高分子-无机纳米复合润滑材料研究进展

综述了高分子-无机纳米复合材料主要合成方法的概念、应用及各自的优缺点,包括溶胶-凝胶法、插层法、直接分散法.同时简要说明了高分子-无机纳米复合微球的合成,详细介绍了高分子-无机纳米复合润滑材料在块体材料、涂层材料、润滑油脂添加剂等领域的研究进展,最后指出了该领域亟待解决和研究的若干问题并展望了其发展前景.     

各向异性无机纳米粒子的研究进展

随着纳米材料及纳米科技的深入发展,纳米材料的结构化现已成为备受关注的焦点。各向异性无机纳米粒子以其独特的形貌特征、纳米尺寸效应及巨大的发展潜力和应用空间掀起了材料科学界的研究热潮。综述了近年来各向异性无机纳米粒子的研究进展,归纳总结了其常见的制备方法,包括自组装法、水热合成法、超声法、模板法、化学沉积法及溶胶-凝胶法,展望了各向异性无机纳米粒子的发展方向及其在各行各业中的应用前景。     

有机-无机杂化一维磁性自组装聚合物纳米链的研究进展

随着纳米科技的发展,有机-无机杂化一维磁性自组装聚合物纳米链的设计合成与应用成为新的研究热点。综述了有机-无机杂化一维磁性自组装聚合物纳米链的磁场诱导自组装、模板诱导自组装和偶极诱导自组装等制备方法,并介绍了其在光学、生物医学和水处理等领域的应用。最后指出有机-无机杂化一维磁性自组装聚合物纳米材料制备技术存在的不足,并对其应用前景进行展望。     

有机-无机纳米复合材料的制备、性能及应用

综述了有机-无机纳米复合材料的最新发展,包括该类材料的制备方法、性能研究和应用前景.纳米复合技术主要有3种:溶胶-凝胶法、嵌入法和纳米微粒填充法.纳米复合材料的光学和磁学等性能可用Maxwell形态理论、层状结构理论和分形结构理论等来研究.这类材料已在力学、热学、电学、磁学、光学、宇航和生物仿生等领域表现出广阔的应用前景.     

有机无机杂化囊壳型微胶囊相变材料的研究进展

主要论述了传统微胶囊相变材料的的制备方法。介绍了以有机无机杂化材料为囊壳的微胶囊相变材料的优势,并总结了3种不同的制备方法,包括纳米粒子填充法,溶胶-凝胶法和Pickering乳液法。着重讨论了Pickering乳液在有机无机杂化囊壳微胶囊相变材料中的应用。     

空心球-g-PMMA-b-Tb光功能杂化材料的制备与表征

以空心球表面负载的叔丁基过氧化氢为引发剂,通过反向原子转移自由基聚合制备了空心球-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯杂化材料,以此为引发剂,以含有甲基丙烯酸甲酯的铽配合物为第二单体,通过原子转移自由基聚合制备了空心球-g-PMMA-b-Tb杂化材料,并用FT-IR、GPC、TG和荧光光谱等对产物进行了测试与分析。结果表明,PMMA在空心球表面的接枝率约为8%;溶液中形成的PMMA的-Mw为28800,分子量分布指数(PDI)为1.2;杂化材料在489 nm,545 nm,583 nm,621 nm左右出现了四组发射峰,分属于Tb3+的5D4→7F6、5D4→7F5、5D4→7F4和5D4→7F3跃迁;铽配合物已接枝到空心球表面,生成了具有发光性能的杂化材料。     

水介质中原子转移自由基聚合的研究进展

作为一种新兴的可控/活性聚合方法,原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)兼具了自由基聚合与可控/活性聚合的优点。水作为一种环境友好性的溶剂,使其作为ATRP的反应介质有着强烈的吸引力。文中从均相水溶液体系以及悬浮、乳液、微乳液等非均相水溶液体系,分别介绍了近年来水介质中ATRP的研究进展,并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

POSS/聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展

多面体低聚物倍半硅氧烷(POSS)由于其特殊的笼型结构、纳米尺寸,在制备POSS/聚合物纳米复合材料方面受到了广泛关注。介绍了POSS/聚合物纳米复合材料的主要制备方法(原子转移自由基聚合法、自由基聚合法、共混法、乳液聚合法等),还介绍了POSS-聚合物的分子结构,POSS/聚合物纳米材料的形貌、结晶及其影响因素。指出了POSS/聚合物纳米复合材料研究的问题,展望了POSS/聚合物未来的发展趋势。     

Synthesis of Microspheres as Versatile Functional Scaffolds for Materials Science Applications

Functional polymeric microspheres are of great interest as they have high potential as functional scaffolds in material science applications. Highly cross‐linked poly(divinyl benzene) (pDVB) microspheres can be synthesized via the precipitation polymerization technique. Recently, various methods of controlled polymerization techniques (e.g., atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), and anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AROP)) and highly orthogonal conjugation methods (e.g., copper‐catalyzed Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azides and terminal alkynes (CuAAc), thiol‐ene addition and RAFT hetero Diels–Alder cycloaddition (RAFT‐HDA)) have been applied to functionalize microspheres via the “grafting from” and “grafting to” approaches. The synthesis of pDVB microspheres, their subsequent modification via grafting of polymer strands to the surface, and the characterization of the obtained functional particles are reviewed.     

原子转移自由聚合的研究新进展

电子转移生成催化剂原子转移自由聚合(AGET ATRP)和电子转移再生催化剂原子转移自由基聚合(ARGET ATRP)是两种新型的原子转移自由基聚合体系,它们不仅克服了传统原子转移自由基聚合体系(NormalATRP)中低价态过渡金属催化剂容易氧化、用量大、后处理困难等问题,而且在制备嵌段共聚物的过程中不会生成均聚物,可以进行本体、溶液、细乳液聚合,尤其是使电子转移再生催化剂原子转移自由基聚合体系中催化剂浓度降到10×10-6,对原子转移自由基聚合的工业化应用产生了深远影响。综述了这两种原子转移自由基聚合的最新研究进展,包括目前适用于该引发体系的单体、引发剂、过渡金属络合物、配体和还原剂,展望了原子转移自由基聚合的发展。     

"活性"/可控自由基聚合制备含糖聚合物的研究进展

含有糖单元的聚合物因其在药学和生物技术等领域的潜在应用价值吸引了科研工作者的广泛关注.文中介绍了原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),氮氧稳定自由基聚合(NMP),可逆加成断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)等"活性"/可控自由基聚合在制备含糖聚合物中的应用进展,重点介绍了上述三种聚合方法对含糖聚合物分子量和结构的控制.     

Synthesis of core-shell nanoparticles using organic surface-functionalized gold and Au@SiO2 nanoparticles as multifunctional initiators in atom transfer radical polymerization

Gold and Au@SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and surface-functionalized by initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), either using a thiol or a trialkoxysilane anchor group for the immobilization of the initiating functionality. The thus obtained initiator-capped gold systems were applied in polymerizations of various monomers, such as styrene, methacrylic acid trimethyloxysilyl propylester and isoprene and copolymers thereof. The final inorganic-organic core-shell nanoparticles were characterized applying different techniques such as electron microscopy and light scattering. Kinetic studies of the polymerizations revealed that they were highly controlled and therefore the thickness of the polymer shell could be easily adjusted. The obtained nanoparticles formed stable suspensions in various organic solvents and can therefore be used as building blocks for polymer nanocomposites.     

Surface functionalization of biomaterials by radical polymerization

One effective strategy in the field of biomaterials is to develop biomimetic interfaces to modulate the cell behavior and promote tissue regeneration and surface modification is the best way to obtain biomaterial surfaces with the desired biological functions and properties. Surface radical polymerization offers many advantages compared to other methods, for instance, low cost and simplicity, ability to control the surface chemistry without changing the properties of the bulk materials by introducing high-density graft chains and precisely controlling the location of the chains grafted to the surface, as well as long-term chemical stability of the chains introduced by this method due to the covalent bonding. Because of the precise control of the macromolecules and easy preparation, controlled/living radical polymerization has been widely used to modify biomaterials. There are three main techniques: atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), and reversible radical addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Some other grafting methods such as plasma-induced polymerization, irradiation-induced polymerization, and photo-induced polymerization also have great potential pertaining to functionalization of biomaterials and tailoring of surface chemistry. This paper summarizes recent advances in the various grafting polymerization methods to enhance the surface properties and biological functions of biomaterials.     

Controlled radical polymerization

Fundamentals of controlled/“living” radical polymerization are given together with a discussion of selected initiating/catalytic systems which provide structural, compositional, and functionality control during radical polymerization. Four systems which enable the synthesis of polymers with low polydispersities (M_w/M_n< 1.2), relatively high molecular weights (M_n>10 000), and high degrees of functionality are: nitroxide-mediated polymerization of styrene and styrene copolymers; organometallic compounds used for polymerization of acrylates; atom transfer radical polymerization of various monomers; and the degenerative transfer process. Also important in this field are new structural features and potential applications of controlled radical polymerization.