鄱阳湖候鸟栖息地微塑料表面细菌群落结构特征与生态风险预测

近年来鄱阳湖的微塑料环境污染日益受到关注.选取鄱阳湖白沙湖为研究区,采集白沙湖水体和沉积物以及其中的微塑料样品,通过傅里叶红外光谱确定微塑料的聚合物类型为聚乙烯（PE）、聚酯纤维（PET）、聚丙烯（PP）和聚苯乙烯（PS）.并利用16S高通量测序技术分析水体、沉积物中和微塑料表面细菌群落结构组成.微塑料表面细菌的物种丰富度与多样性均低于周围水体和沉积物.NMDS分析结果表明,微塑料表面与周围沉积物、水体中的细菌群落结构差异较大.水体和沉积物中的细菌群落组成与微塑料表面存在差异,门水平上沉积物与沉积物中微塑料表面优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）,其在微塑料表面相对丰度高于沉积物;水体中微塑料表面变形菌门相对丰度高于水体,而拟杆菌门、放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）的相对丰度明显低于水体.属水平上马赛菌属（Massilia）和假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）是微塑料表面的优势菌属,相对丰度明显高于周围水体和沉积物.通过BugBase表型预测发现微塑料细菌群落可移动基因元件含量、生物膜形成、潜在致病性及胁迫耐受等表型相对丰度明显高于周围水体和沉积物.结果发现微塑料可能会促使致病菌在内的有害菌的传播,提高细菌群落的潜在致病性,且微塑料表面细菌群落具有更高的可移动基因元件含量表型.通过揭示微塑料污染对微观层面湿地生态的潜在危害,可为维护湿地生态稳定性提供科学参考.     

典农河沉积物细菌群落结构特征及其与重金属的关系

河流沉积物细菌对有机物和营养盐的转运起着重要作用,其群落结构特征也会受到环境因子的影响.为探究典农河（上游段）沉积物细菌群落结构及其影响因子,于2021年的1、4、7和10月对典农河上游段进行沉积物样品采集调查,测定沉积物中9种重金属（Cu、Zn、Pb、Fe、Mn、As、Cr、Cd和Hg）的含量,基于16S rRNA基因扩增子高通量测序,分析典农河（上游段）不同季节沉积物细菌群落结构特征,通过冗余分析（RDA）识别典农河群落结构变化的驱动因子.结果表明,在空间上,典农河永宁段细菌物种丰度高于典农河银川段细菌物种丰度,在时间上,7月和10月细菌物种丰度高于1月和4月.典农河沉积物细菌最优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）,较优势菌门为拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和脱硫菌门（Desulfobacterota）.典农河沉积物细菌优势菌属为Sulfitobacter、 Amylibacter、 Planktomarina、 Sulfurifustis、 SUP05＿cluster、 Arenimonas、Candidatus＿Methanoperedens、Thioal...     

不同水温分层水库沉积物间隙水营养盐垂向分布与细菌群落结构的关系

为探究不同水温分层水库沉积物间隙水营养盐垂向分布规律及其与细菌群落结构的关系,运用16S rRNA高通量测序技术,分析了2018年1月澜沧江小湾、漫湾水库建库后沉积物细菌群落结构特征,并采用Cannoco软件对细菌群落与环境因子关系进行了冗余分析.结果表明,调查期间小湾水库水体表底温差3. 3℃,最大温度梯度为0. 2℃·m~(-1)属于分层水体,漫湾表底温差0. 1℃属于混合水体.小湾间隙水NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N平均质量浓度分别为2. 233 mg·L~(-1)和0. 030 mg·L~(-1),漫湾分别为2. 569 mg·L~(-1)和0. 016 mg·L~(-1).间隙水NH_4~+-N在两个水库沉积物中均表现垂向向下增大的趋势,而NO_3~--N垂向变化则不明显但均在深层质量浓度最底,库区间比较来看,只有NO_3~--N具有极显著性差异,其中小湾明显高于漫湾.菌群分类发现,小湾与漫湾沉积物细菌群落具有相同的优势菌门和优势菌属,水温分层对间隙水营养盐及细菌群落结构无显著影响.而漫湾相比小湾沉积物中反硝化菌相对丰度更高,硝化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌相对丰度更低,同一库区沉积物深层中反硝化菌相对丰度较高,有机物降解菌、硝化菌、厌氧氨氧化菌和溶磷菌相对丰度较低,是造成沉积物营养盐库间差异和垂向差异的原因.     

人工诱导水库分层水体提前混合对细菌群落结构和代谢活性的影响

水库水体分层是导致底层水体厌氧,产生内源污染的重要原因,人工强制混合充氧可以使分层水体提前实现完全混合,当秋冬季气温低于混合水温时,停止混合充氧系统水体仍可自发地持续进行混合,极大地延长了底层水体及沉积物的好氧周期.上述阶段中,人工强制混合期底层水体温度逐渐升高直至完全混合,自然混合期混合水体温度持续下降,溶解氧保持在7.84～9.86 mg·L^-1.为研究人工诱导水体提前混合对水源菌群及有机污染物代谢的影响,以西安金盆水库为研究对象,在原位监测水质指标的基础上,采用高通量DNA测序技术和Biolog技术分析细菌群落组成及其代谢活性.结果表明,持续自然混合期金盆水库优势菌门为放线菌门（Actinobacteria）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）,二者相对丰度之和占细菌群落的60.9%～66.2%.放线菌门（Actinobacteria）中的优势菌为CL500-29＿marine＿group（15.96%）,其次为hgcl＿clade（9.25%）.水库水体在完全混合初期,受温度和溶解氧升高影响,细菌活性相对较高,有机污染物指标高锰酸盐指数和溶解性有机碳...     

水库水体热分层的水质及细菌群落分布特征

作为重要的城市饮用水源地,水库是人工筑坝形成的特殊类型的水体,其水质直接影响居民的饮用水安全.为揭示北京市饮用水源地密云水库的秋季分层特征和细菌群落的垂直变化,于水体稳定分层期(秋季)在水库进行采样,应用16S rDNA末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)和定量PCR等方法研究了密云水库水体细菌群落的垂直分布特征,并利用聚类分析、多元统计分析揭示细菌群落与环境因子之间的响应关系.结果表明:(1)密云水库水体温跃层位于水深20～30 m处,水温范围在15～19℃,聚类分析将7个采样水层划分为好氧区(上层)和缺氧区(下层)两类,温度、DO、pH在15 m以下逐渐降低,电导率、氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮及总氮在15 m后发生显著变化,水体水质表现出明显的垂直分布特征;(2)RDA分析结果显示,上下水层的溶解氧、pH、电导率、氨氮、硝态氮和亚硝态氮存在较为明显的垂向变化,是影响密云水库细菌群落垂直分布的主要环境因子;(3)总细菌的数量随水深变化的波动较为明显,其中好氧区细菌的Shannon-Wiener指数和T-RFs片段数明显高于缺氧区,说明秋季密云水库水体中细菌群落分布存在显著的分层现象.本研究探究了水体热分层对水库水质及细菌群落的影响,可为预测水质变化和水库管理提供科学依据.     

农村黑臭水体沉积物细菌群落结构特征

沉积物微生物是农村黑臭水体物质循环和有机物降解等过程的主要驱动者,其群落结构组成常因外界环境的微小变化而变化.以菏泽市东明县29个农村黑臭水体为研究对象,测定农村黑臭水体上覆水和沉积物氮、磷及重金属等污染物指标,结合Illumina测序结果,分析农村黑臭水体沉积物细菌群落组成和多样性特征及其与环境因子的相关性.结果表明,该区域农村黑臭水体上覆水和沉积物中污染物分布范围均较广.与农业面源相比,以农村生活污水为主要污染来源的农村黑臭水体上覆水中氮、磷污染物浓度更高,分别是农业面源的3.1倍和1.5倍.此外,该区域农村黑臭水体沉积物中重金属含量处于较低水平,普遍低于菏泽市土壤元素背景值.该区域农村黑臭水体沉积物细菌群落的优势菌门为变形菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门、厚壁菌门和酸杆菌门,这5种优势菌门的序列总和占全部序列的70.3%～83.6%.γ-变形菌纲、α-变形菌纲、厌氧绳菌纲和放线菌纲是沉积物细菌群落的优势菌纲;硫杆菌属和假节杆菌属是其优势菌属.Spearman相关性分析结果表明,环境因子中DO、 COD、 TN、 TP和有机质对农村黑臭水体沉积物细菌菌属有显著影响(P<0.05),沉...     

鄱阳湖湿地淹水与非淹水状态下微塑料表面细菌群落分布特征

粒径小于5 mm的塑料微粒被称为微塑料,微塑料在环境中广泛存在且会造成许多负面影响.选取鄱阳湖碟形湖湿地为研究区,以碟形湖湿地淹水和非淹水状态下沉积物中的微塑料为研究对象,采集沉积物、水体以及淹水和非淹水状态下沉积物中微塑料样品.利用16S高通量测序技术分析沉积物、水体和微塑料表面细菌群落结构分布特征.α多样性分析结果表明,环境中细菌丰富度和多样性与微塑料表面存在显著差异,淹水和非淹水状态下微塑料表面细菌丰富度和多样性均低于周围环境.主坐标分析结果表明非淹水状态下微塑料表面细菌群落受沉积物影响较大,淹水状态下微塑料表面细菌群落受水体影响较大.微塑料表面细菌群落结构和周围环境亦表现出明显差异,与水体和沉积物样品相比,非淹水状态下微塑料表面变形菌门（Proteobacteria）相对丰度显著增加,而淹水状态下微塑料表面细菌拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）相对丰度增加.沉积物中细菌主要由大量丰度<1%的其他细菌属组成,而微塑料表面细菌群落有明显优势种.非淹水状态下微塑料表面细菌属水平主要由黄杆菌属（Flavobacterium）、马赛菌属（Massilia）和假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）组成,淹水状态下微塑料表面细菌属水平中黄杆菌属相对丰度最高.假单胞菌属是未来塑料生物降解的重点研究对象.研究可进一步提高对湖泊湿地生态系统微塑料污染的认识,并为湖泊环境管理提供理论依据.     

中国湖泊细菌群落的生物地理分布格局及驱动机制——基于文献数据的统计分析

为阐明中国湖泊细菌群落的生物地理分布格局及驱动机制,基于已发表文献,收集了228个湖泊的浮游或沉积物细菌门水平分类数据和环境因子数据进行分析.结果表明:中国湖泊浮游细菌群落的优势类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,35.92%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria,25.03%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,10.77%),沉积物中的优势类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,40.37%)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi,8.74%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,8.55%).中国湖泊浮游细菌距离衰减程度显著低于沉积物细菌;湖泊细菌群落结构在北方、南方、青藏高原的空间差异显著,北方水体及沉积物中细菌的距离衰减模式均不显著,南方水体中显著但沉积物中不显著,青藏高原水体及沉积物中均显著.浮游细菌优势类群中除Proteobacteria外,Actinobacteria (南方>北方>青藏高原)和Bacteroidetes (青藏高原>北方>南方)的丰度在三个地区均具有显著差异;沉积物细菌优势类群Proteobacteria (北方>南方>青藏高原)、Chloroflexi (南方>北方>青藏高原)、Bacteroidetes (青藏高原>北方>南方)的丰度在三个地区均具有显著差异.影响北方湖泊浮游细菌群落分布的主要环境因子是溶解性有机碳,南方是溶解氧,青藏高原是硝酸盐氮;影响北方湖泊沉积物细菌群落分布的主要环境因子是总氮和pH值,南方是总磷,青藏高原是pH值.空间扩散限制与环境筛选作用共同塑造了中国湖泊细菌的生物地理分布格局.扩散限制对浮游细菌的影响小于沉积物细菌,对青藏高原湖泊浮游及沉积物细菌影响最大,对北方湖泊浮游及沉积物细菌影响最小;环境筛选作用对青藏高原湖泊浮游及沉积物细菌影响最大,对南方湖泊浮游细菌及北方湖泊沉积物细菌影响较小.     

太湖不同湖区冬季沉积物细菌群落多样性

为了探究太湖不同营养水平湖区冬季沉积物细菌群落多样性,利用高通量测序对太湖水草区、湖心区和河口区共9个采样点表层沉积物细菌的16S rRNA基因进行序列测定.结果发现：不同湖区的物种丰富度和均匀度为水草区 > 湖心区 > 河口区;不同湖区优势细菌群落组成存在差异.其中,硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）和酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）2类门水平优势细菌以及厌氧绳菌纲（Anaerolineae）和硝化螺菌纲（Nitrospira）2类纲水平优势细菌在不同湖区之间差异显著.冬季太湖沉积物细菌优势类群为绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、蓝藻门（Cyanobacteria）和硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）;在属分类水平上,主要优势类群为unidentified_Chloroplast和微囊藻属（Microcystis）.Cyanobacteria和Microcystis在所有采样点均有检出,平均丰度均以湖心区最高.对沉积物细菌群落与环境因子的关系进行冗余分析,结果表明：营养盐水平、水温和pH值均能影响沉积物细菌群落结构,NO₃^--N和水温是Microcystis的主要影响因子.     

碧流河水库细菌群落结构特征及其关键驱动因子

为了解碧流河水库细菌群落结构及其多样性变化,探讨环境因子对其的影响,于2016~2017年应用16S r DNA高通量测序技术,分析比较了碧流河水库一年周期内4个季节的细菌群落结构及其多样性差异,使用冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)探讨水体环境因子与细菌群落结构及其多样性的关系.结果表明,全年碧流河水库细菌群落多样性指数(ShannonWiener指数)平均达6.9,冬季夏季春季秋季.序列比对结果显示,除了分类地位不明确的菌群和稀有菌群外,共发现了细菌44门115纲184目368科865属,优势菌门为变形菌门Proteobacteria 34.16%,蓝菌门Cyanobacteria 24.35%,放线菌门Actinobacteria 13.35%,拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes 12.42%.优势菌门变形菌门中优势菌纲为β-变形菌纲β-Proteobacteria18.34%,优势菌属为unidentified_Chloroplast 17.73%;RDA结果表明不同菌群受环境因子影响不同,悬浮物(TSS)、透明度(SD)、酸碱度(p H)、活性磷(ADP)、溶氧(DO)、总磷(TP)、亚硝酸氮(NO-2-N)为影响群落分布主要的环境因子,其中夏季菌群与NO-2-N、ADP、TP和TSS显著正相关.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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