基于空气耦合超声对储油罐液位的检测

随着石油在国民生产生活中的广泛应用,对储油罐油品液位的无损检测技术要求越来越高。针对储油罐罐壁厚度为5 mm的钢制储油罐为对象,探讨空气耦合超声检测技术对储油罐检测的可行性。利用数值计算和试验分析两种方法,使用空气耦合超声换能器激励出钢板中不同模态的兰姆波,对储油罐内不同介质中兰姆波传播进行模拟,分析不同参数对接收信号幅值以及储油罐内不同介质接收到泄漏兰姆波幅值大小的影响。结果表明,使用空气耦合超声泄漏兰姆波对几种不同介质的界面在10 mm范围内能够进行良好区分,其检测结果满足实际检测需求,可以利用泄漏兰姆波A0模式对储油罐液位进行检测。     

薄板腐蚀缺陷兰姆波成像检测的有限元模拟

基于A0模式兰姆波对薄板腐蚀缺陷进行成像检测,在频率一定时,由于腐蚀造成板厚的改变将进一步影响检测兰姆波速度的变化,通过检测兰姆波波速的变化可以对板材腐蚀类缺陷进行监测.根据A0模式兰姆波的频率特征,测量发射探头与接收探头之间的兰姆波走时,结合波的实际传播路径,计算出实际检测兰姆波的速度,采用联合迭代重建技术(SIRT)对走时数据进行群速度图像重建.基于有限元数值方法,采用A0模式兰姆波对薄铝板中的腐蚀类缺陷进行模拟检测,给出了成像检测结果.     

固-液-固3层结构板中超声兰姆波的频散特性

文章采用传统矩阵方法研究固－液－固3层结构板中兰姆波的传播,数值计算结果证明了用该方法分析层状材料中的兰姆波的有效性与实用性,文章计算出的多种频散曲线对超声兰姆波的应用是有益的。     

光纤布拉格传感器兰姆波检测的反射谱分析

传统的兰姆波多采用压电陶瓷换能器激发和接收。建立了新的超声兰姆波无损检测系统,其基本思想是采用布拉格光纤传感器作为兰姆波的接收器。光纤光栅传感的基本原理是通过检测光栅反射的中心波长移动实现对外界参量如超声的测量。超声作用下光纤光栅的反射谱发生变化,对超声作用下光纤光栅的反射谱变化进行了数值分析,结果表明,超声对光栅反射谱的影响与超声波长与光栅长度的比值是高度相关的。只有当这个比值相当大时,反射谱的形状才不会变化而中心波长发生偏移,此时光纤传感器可用来探测兰姆波。这个结论为利用新的兰姆波无损检测系统在布拉格光栅长度的设计和兰姆波波长的选择方面提供了有用的工具。     

表面裂纹的激光超声可视化兰姆波检测研究

兰姆波在板材的缺陷检测中具有重要的地位,但兰姆波在裂纹检测过程的可视化实验研究较少。通过激光超声可视化技术,观察了激光激励出的宽频兰姆波在0.4 mm深、0.2 mm宽的裂纹上的反射和透射现象;并利用带通滤波技术,研究了不同中心频率的兰姆波在裂纹上的散射特性。结果发现:兰姆波在裂纹上发生了模态转换现象,出现了传播速度较快的兰姆波模态;并随着兰姆波频率的增加,反射兰姆波的能量增强。该研究为板中裂纹的兰姆波检测提供了实验参考。     

电磁超声兰姆波换能器多目标优化设计

针对电磁超声兰姆波换能器激发的兰姆波存在多模式、频散现象和信号较弱的问题,结合铝合金板材检测背景,提出一种基于＂双交点法＂、＂零斜率准则＂和正交试验设计相结合的电磁超声兰姆波换能器多目标优化设计方法。其中,＂双交点法＂可有效削弱兰姆波多模式现象的影响,＂零斜率准则＂能够有效降低兰姆波的频散现象,而正交试验设计方法可有效提高电磁超声兰姆波信号的幅值。依据所提优化设计方法,对一个在铝板检测中常用的电磁超声兰姆波换能器的9个主要参数进行了多目标优化设计。实验表明,优化后,兰姆波信号中的多模式、频散现象得到显著抑制,而且信号幅值得到明显提升,有效改善了电磁超声兰姆波换能器的工程实用性。     

压电换能器对兰姆波影响的仿真

0引言兰姆波由于传输距离远、检测范围广,一直是国内外无损检测领域研究的热点。频散现象和模态混叠使兰姆波的传播特性十分复杂。解决办法之一就是通过换能器激发单一的模式[1]。考虑高效和低成本,采用压电换能器激励和接收兰姆波是无损检测的常用方法[2]。传统的兰姆波仿真通常不考虑传感器对兰姆波的影响。本文通过有限元软件COMSOL时域分析兰姆波在铝板中的传播状况,为无损检测提供参考。     

疲劳微裂纹的非线性兰姆波静态分量检测研究

为定量表征板状金属结构中的疲劳微裂纹扩展状态,采用非线性超声兰姆波静态分量方法,对含不同长度疲劳微裂纹的金属结构进行检测.实验采用低频超声换能器间接接收非线性兰姆波静态分量信号并进行时频域分析,获得非线性参数随微裂纹长度的变化趋势,并分析不同模式基频兰姆波生成的静态分量对疲劳微裂纹的敏感性.通过仿真模拟进一步分析非线性...     

超高压输电铁塔组合挂线角钢加工方法探讨

在输电铁塔加工行业中,因为挂线处为铁塔主要受力点,并对挂线金具的安装位置有精确的要求,所以在铁塔加工中一直都是一个重点。近年来,随着我国电网建设的迅速发展,500KV以上超高压及特高压线路明显增多,铁塔挂线处也由原来单一挂线板或挂线角钢,转变为角钢与板组合焊接的形式,结构较为复杂,对铁塔加工提出更高的要求。根据理论与生产实际相结合,围绕组合挂线角钢的加工定位,焊接处理,进行大量的分析及试验,总结出复杂组合挂线角钢在放样及在加工中的处理办法。     

光纤非本征法布里-玻罗传感器兰姆波检测灵敏度分析

基于兰姆波的结构工况检测技术在评估复合材料和金属结构的安全性和耐久性方面发挥着重要的作用。作为对传统的压电换能器（PZT）的一种很好的替代,光纤传感器在传感方面的应用正被广泛地挖掘出来,包括兰姆波检测。本文从理论上建立了超声兰姆波作用下光纤非本征法布里．玻罗（EFPI）传感器参数与其输出性能之间的关系。数值结果显示了传感器的性能与其相对于声源的方向角以及传感器的计量长度与超声波长的比值相关。所得出的结论对于EFPI传感器精确地探测兰姆波提供了理论依据。     

Lamb wave tomography and its application in pipe erosion/corrosion monitoring

Ultrasonic Lamb wave techniques are widely used in a number of NDE applications. To excite Lamb waves, mode conversion of bulk waves or photoacoustic excitation often are used. Both of these approaches suffer from the need for liquid couplant or ablation of materials to reach a good signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, we propose a novel technique that utilizes point source excitation and detection of Lamb waves through dry, elastic contacts to monitor velocity changes. A pair of pin transducers is used to excite and detect theA ₀ mode Lamb wave in the pipe wall, and the wave velocity is obtained by time-of-flight measurement. Any change in the pipe wall thickness can be detected by the change in the Lamb wave velocity due to the dispersive nature of theA ₀ mode. We demonstrate the power of this approach in ultrasonic pipe erosion/corrosion monitoring and its potential application in aircraft skin defect imaging. We present results of measurements of plate thickness and erosion/corrosion in a section of pipe that was removed from service, as well as imaging of defects in an aluminum thin plate.     

薄板钢结构超声检测Lamb波激励与模态分析

运用超声Lamb波对薄板钢结构进行检测,采用斜入射方式实施Lamb波的激励,并对检测信号进行模态分析。经实验发现选择合适的频率/入射角组合可实现对Lamb波模态的选择和控制,实现对检测对象的检测策略,并具有一定的工程应用价值。     

On the development and testing of a guided ultrasonic wave array for structural integrity monitoring

The prototype of a guided ultrasonic wave array for the structural integrity monitoring of large, plate-like structures has been designed, built, and tested. The development of suitably small transducers for the excitation and measurement of the first antisymmetric Lamb wave mode Ao is described. The array design consists of a ring of 32 transducers, permanently bonded to the structure with a protective membrane, in a compact housing with the necessary multiplexing electronics. Using a phased addition algorithm with dispersion compensation and deconvolution in the wavenumber domain, a good dynamic range can be achieved with a limited number of transducers. Limitations in the transducer design and manufacture restricted the overall dynamic range achieved to 27 dB. Laboratory measurements for a steel plate containing various defects have been performed. The results for standard defects are compared to theoretical predictions and the sensitivity of the array device for defect detection has been established. Simulated corrosion pitting and a defect cut with an angle grinder simulating general corrosion were detected.     

冷挤压变壁厚药筒件的超声兰姆波探伤

详细介绍了超声兰姆波的主要特点和多种传播模式,通过对小口径弹药筒壁厚尺寸与缺陷的分析和兰姆波特征曲线的求解,选择合理的药筒兰姆波探伤模式。采用3种标准伤样件验证了药筒管壁内、外表面探伤灵敏度的变化规律,内外表面探伤灵敏度差异,以及探伤灵敏度与标准伤刻痕深度的关系,论证了超声兰姆波单模式探伤的可行性和模式选择。     

混凝土分层缺陷的超声检测方法研究

为解决混凝土结构中分层缺陷的在线非接触检测难题,论文提出了利用空气耦合(简称:空耦)超声导波定量检测混凝土结构中分层缺陷的新方法。首先研究了空耦超声导波在混凝土结构中的传播特性,理论分析和实验表明,利用空耦超声波以入射角8.7°入射厚度为50 mm的混凝土板时,可以激发以A0模态为主的导波。然后构建了空耦超声导波扫查实验系统,在混凝土结构单侧利用一对倾斜8.7°的空耦探头激励和接收导波信号,通过分析发现A0模态对分层缺陷敏感,且其幅度与扫查路径中的分层缺陷尺寸存在单调变化关系;在此基础上,对检测区域进行扫查,利用不同位置处的导波信号幅度实现分层缺陷的二维成像。实验结果表明,该方法不仅可以避免耦合剂对检测结果的影响,同时可实现对服役状态下混凝土结构中分层位置及尺寸的定量检测。     

SH导波在钢板缺陷检测中的传播特性

水平剪切(Shear Horizontal,SH)导波在传播的过程中有对称模式和反对称模式,其相速度和群速度主要取决于试件的厚度和频率之积(频厚积)。利用COMSOL有限元分析软件,建立了钢板缺陷的3-D模型,仿真分析了SH0导波在钢板中的传播特性。仿真结果表明SH波在传播过程中很少发生波束方向的改变,无频散和模式转换,信噪比高。利用电磁超声方法激励SH波,对钢板中的裂纹和焊缝缺陷进行了实验,验证了仿真结果的正确性及可行性,为超声导波在板材缺陷检测中的应用提供基础。     

Estimation of ultrasonic guided wave mode conversion in a plate with thickness variation

The hybrid boundary element method aimed at analyzing Lamb wave scattering from defects can provide us with an excellent numerical tool for tackling complicated mode conversion phenomena under waveguide thickness variation. In this paper, utilization of hybrid boundary element modeling for specific Lamb wave mode incidence situations with special energy distributions along the structural cross section is proposed for estimating reflection and transmission from various scatterers, such as a step discontinuity and tapered parts of a waveguide, etc. Interaction of individual Lamb wave modes with scatterers that represent arbitrary thickness variation along the direction of guided wave propagation is investigated by calculating the scattered fields for varying incident modes, frequency, and scatterer shape. The mode conversion phenomena through step discontinuity in a plate are also experimentally explored. The theoretical predictions of reflection and transmission by boundary element methods and the utility of dispersion curves are compared with experiments for specific modes. Results in this paper can be used to improve inspection sensitivity and penetration power for a variety of practical NDE applications, notably those in which thickness variation is found. In addition, the feasibility of inspecting sections located behind a waveguide thickness variation region and subsequent mode control will also be discussed.     

界面剥离钢-混凝土组合结构应力波传播谱元法模拟研究

建立钢-混凝土组合结构截面二维谱元法模型,针对钢-混凝土界面完好以及存在界面剥离时模型在单点激励下弹性应力波场进行模拟分析,探究弹性应力波的传播规律。采用去除混凝土单元的方法反映组合结构中钢板与混凝土之间的界面剥离。通过对比分析表明界面剥离的存在对弹性应力波场以及模型上不同位置的位移响应产生影响。通过改变界面剥离程度,得到测点位移的变化规律。通过模拟,谱元法可以有效模拟钢-混凝土组合结构中弹性波的传播规律,为研究基于应力波测量的钢-混凝土组合结构界面缺陷检测机理提供帮助。     

悬索桥缆索钢丝损伤超声导波检测数值模拟

为了实现对大跨悬索桥缆索钢丝损伤的有效检测,采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,对超声导波无损检测技术进行研究。通过理论求解钢丝中导波的频散曲线,分析频散特性和波结构,选取中心频率为200 kHz的L(0,1)模态进行钢丝断丝损伤检测;利用有限元软件,研究了钢丝中导波的频散特性和波结构,通过二维傅里叶变换技术对钢丝中的低阶导波模态进行识别,进一步分析了缺陷尺寸和角度对L(0,1)模态缺陷反射系数的影响;最后,对L(0,1)模态在两根钢丝和七根钢丝的断丝处的缺陷回波进行了数值模拟。数值模拟与理论分析结果相吻合,说明低频L(0,1)模态可以有效地对缆索钢丝断丝损伤进行远距离检测。     

Guided lamb waves and L-SAFT processing technique for enhanced detection and imaging of corrosion defects in plates with small depth-to-wavelength ratio

The Lamb synthetic aperture focusing technique (L-SAFT) imaging algorithm in the Fourier domain is used to produce Lamb wave imaging in plates while considering the wave dispersive properties. This artificial focusing technique produces easy-to-interpret, modified B-scan type images of Lamb wave inspection results. The high level of sensitivity of Lamb waves combined with the L-SAFT algorithm allows one to detect and to produce images of corrosion defects with small depth-to-wavelength ratio. This paper briefly presents the formulated L-SAFT algorithm used for Lamb waves and, in more details, some experimental results obtained on simulated and real corrosion pits, demonstrating the benefit of combining L-SAFT with pulse-echo Lamb wave inspection. The obtained images of the real corrosion defects showed detection of pits with a depth-to-wavelength ratio of approximately 2/11.