辣木籽油的提取及其中神经酸的纯化工艺研究

为促进辣木籽油中神经酸的开发利用，以辣木籽为原料，采用低温压榨法、超临界CO₂萃取法、索氏抽提法提取辣木籽油，筛选合适的提油方法，再以辣木籽油为原料制备混合脂肪酸，通过低温结晶法纯化辣木籽油中的神经酸，通过单因素实验和响应面实验优化神经酸的纯化工艺。结果表明：低温压榨法提取的辣木籽原油中神经酸含量较高，达到0.88%;低温结晶法纯化辣木籽油中神经酸的最优工艺条件为料液比(混合脂肪酸与结晶溶剂质量体积比)1∶4.2、结晶温度-21℃、结晶时间2.3 h,该条件下所得产品中神经酸含量为(5.36±0.01)%,相比辣木籽原油中神经酸含量提升了5.1倍。通过低温压榨法提取辣木籽油，再采用低温结晶法纯化神经酸，能够获得神经酸含量较高的产品。     

尿素包合法富集文冠果油中神经酸的研究

以文冠果籽为原料,低温压榨制取文冠果油,对文冠果油脂肪酸组成进行分析;采用尿素包合法对文冠果油中的神经酸进行富集,以神经酸含量和回收率为考察指标,通过单因素实验和正交实验优化工艺条件。结果表明:文冠果油中含量在1%以上的脂肪酸共有8种,主要脂肪酸为油酸(27.76%)和亚油酸(44.87%),神经酸含量为2.59%;最佳尿素包含富集文冠果油中神经酸工艺条件为尿脂比1∶1、料液比1∶10、包合温度10℃、包合时间8 h,在此条件下神经酸回收率为74.01%,油脂中神经酸含量为9.49%,较未包合前提高约3倍,比稀缺的元宝枫籽油中神经酸含量(约5%)高出近1倍,是一种典型的功能性油脂。     

荆条籽油的理化性质和神经酸的分离提纯

索氏法提取荆条籽中的油脂,测定其理化指标,并通过气相色谱分析脂肪酸组成和含量.结果显示,荆条籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,其中神经酸占3.45%.使用金属盐沉淀法和溶剂结晶法从荆条籽油脂肪酸中分离提纯神经酸.结果表明,使用金属盐沉淀法可以得到16.45%的神经酸,采用丙酮2次结晶法能将神经酸含量提高至5.57%,金属盐沉淀法扣结晶法结合使用,神经酸含量提高至6.24%.     

双溶剂冷冻结晶法分离橡胶籽油中α-亚麻酸工艺研究

以橡胶籽油为原料,经皂化制得混合脂肪酸,采用双溶剂冷冻结晶法分离橡胶籽油中α-亚麻酸。通过正交实验确定了最佳的双溶剂冷冻结晶工艺条件为:以乙腈和丙酮为混合溶剂,乙腈:丙酮(v:v)为4:6,m(混合脂肪酸):v(乙腈与丙酮)=1:15,冷冻结晶时间为10 h,固液分离方式为-18℃、7000 r/min冷冻离心3 min。最佳条件下,橡胶籽油中α-亚麻酸的相对含量由16.32%提高到31.52%,总不饱和脂肪酸含量也达98.28%。     

低温溶剂结晶法富集鸦胆子油不饱和脂肪酸乙酯

以鸦胆子油为原料，经醇解制得脂肪酸乙酯，采用低温溶剂结晶法富集不饱和脂肪酸乙酯，以不饱和脂肪酸乙酯含量、得率为评价指标，分别考察溶剂种类、结晶温度、结晶时间、溶剂与脂肪酸乙酯体积比以及结晶次数对分离效果的影响。结果表明，低温溶剂结晶法富集鸦胆子油不饱和脂肪酸乙酯的最佳条件为：乙醇作为溶剂，溶剂与脂肪酸乙酯体积比3∶ 1，结晶温度-20 ℃，结晶时间7 d，结晶次数2次。在最佳条件下，鸦胆子油脂肪酸乙酯中不饱和脂肪酸乙酯含量由86.49%升高至95.32%，得率为85.4%。     

元宝枫种子含油率与脂肪酸组分多样性分析

为探索不同种源元宝枫种子含油率、脂肪酸变异程度与变异规律,并发掘元宝枫优良种质,提高元宝枫油用价值,采用脉冲核磁共振仪、气相色谱仪对元宝枫天然分布区内14个种源138个单株种子含油率与脂肪酸组分定量测定。结果表明:元宝枫种子含油率介于17.81%~36.56%,平均为28.57%,种源间差异极显著,以代钦塔拉种源(32.47%)、永寿种源(32.09%)较高,种子含油率存在随地理纬度、海拔升高而升高的趋势;元宝枫籽油中富含丰富不饱和脂肪酸(91.47%),依次为亚油酸(32.97%)、油酸(25.19%)、芥酸(16.49%)、花生一烯酸(7.90%)、神经酸(5.76%)、亚麻酸(2.76%),其中功能性脂肪酸-神经酸介于3.90%~7.85%,变异系数为12.62%,种源间差异极显著,以济源种源(6.54%)、平泉种源(6.29%)较高,具有筛选高神经酸特异种质资源的基础;各性状在种源地间表现出不同的变异性(5.18%~9.30%)和遗传多样性(1.22~1.60),以南京、临汾、永济种源较高;性状间相关性分析表明,种子含油率越高,种油不饱和脂肪酸含量越高,饱和脂肪酸含量越低;脂肪酸组分间不同相关性对优质籽油种质资源的筛选具有指导意义;测试指标与种源地理-生态因子间相关性分析表明,脂肪酸含量呈现出多样的地理变异趋势,海拔与温度影响最大。     

绵阳元宝枫种仁油脂成分分析研究

以绵阳江油元宝枫种仁为原料,提取油脂,对元宝枫种仁含油量和元宝枫油脂肪酸组成进行了分析研究。结果表明:元宝枫干种仁含油量为44.3%,元宝枫油中共检出16种脂肪酸,其中油酸含量为25.97%,亚油酸含量为35.83%,元宝枫油中还含有宝贵的神经酸(15-二十四碳烯酸)成分,其含量为5.21%。元宝枫油有很好的食用和保健功能,具有广阔的开发利用前景。     

元宝枫种仁营养成分分析

为明确元宝枫种仁的营养成分,对元宝枫种仁含油率、粗蛋白质含量,元宝枫种仁粕中氨基酸组成及含量、矿质元素组成及元宝枫种仁油的总脂肪酸、Sn-2位脂肪酸组成及含量、生育酚含量进行测定。结果表明：元宝枫种仁的含油率为43.7%,粗蛋白质含量为35.13%;元宝枫种仁粕中含有17种氨基酸,其中7种人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的33.78%,是理想的蛋白质资源;元宝枫种仁粕中含有丰富的矿质元素,常量元素中K含量为6 372.8μg/g, Na含量仅为346.5μg/g,属于高钾低钠食品,微量元素中Mn含量较高,为68.1μg/g,且未检出重金属元素;元宝枫种仁油主要由12种脂肪酸组成,神经酸含量达到5.89%,以亚油酸和α-亚麻酸为主的多不饱和脂肪酸主要分布在Sn-2位;元宝枫种仁油中生育酚总量为1 230.70 mg/kg,以γ-生育酚含量最高,达到792.62 mg/kg。元宝枫种仁营养丰富,可作为神经酸、生育酚和氨基酸的重要来源,其油脂可作为富含神经酸的保健食用油。     

神经酸新资源--元宝枫油

概述了神经酸研究现状,对元宝枫油的理化特性、脂肪酸组成和维生素E进行了分析.分析表明,元宝枫油中含有特长链脂肪酸--神经酸5%～6%,是值得重视的神经酸新资源.元宝枫油在食品、化妆品和药用方面的开发研究表明,元宝枫的利用有广阔前景.     

新资源食品——元宝枫籽油

为了促进木本油料元宝枫资源的开发利用,对元宝枫籽油的开发历史、特性及制取方法进行了介绍.元宝枫籽油含有功能性脂肪酸神经酸、高含量维生素E,具有抗菌、抗肿瘤等作用,目前已被卫生部批准为新资源食品,随着人们对元宝枫籽油认识的深入,其必然会得到快速发展.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.