蛋白基乳液模板法构建油凝胶的研究进展

传统塑性脂肪带来健康问题,液态油固化成为构建零反式、低饱和脂肪酸塑性脂肪替代品的新策略。蛋白质是优质的食品营养组分,是来源广泛的可再生资源,具有独特的界面特性。为扩大蛋白资源的应用范围及促进功能性油脂的开发,对蛋白质的结构化及蛋白基乳液模板法构建油凝胶(结构化油脂)研究进展进行了综述,同时介绍了蛋白基乳液模板法构建的油凝胶的应用。蛋白质在一定条件下可作为凝胶剂固化液态油;蛋白基乳液模板法构建油凝胶具有安全性高、对环境污染小等优点。采用蛋白基乳液模板法构建的油凝胶可应用于替代传统塑性脂肪、荷载生物活性成分方面。     

天然皂皮皂苷稳定高载量南极磷虾油粉的制备及其特性研究

南极磷虾油作为一种新型的海洋功能性油脂备受关注,具有极高的市场价值。然而,南极磷虾油的氧化以及不友好风味极大限制了其在食品、医药等行业的应用。本研究利用天然皂皮皂苷(QS)作为乳化剂,通过喷雾干燥法制备南极磷虾油微胶囊油粉,并结合油相结构化等手段改善其风味以及抗氧化特性。与商品对照的磷虾油粉相比,QS可稳定制备得到高荷载量(75%)的粉末油脂,其包埋率达到了90.01%。与商业磷虾油粉对比,使用QS可以有效掩蔽其腥味,在添加结构剂后其风味仍可以得到改善,添加植物甾醇和谷维素的效果最好。不仅如此,使用QS制备的油粉其氧化稳定性较商业磷虾油粉的稳定性要好,添加抗氧化剂后氧化稳定性较好,添加抗坏血酸棕榈脂的样品氧化稳定性最好。本产品具有良好的温度稳定性(120℃,30 min)、盐离子稳定性(500m M)及p H稳定性(p H 3～11)。通过添加食品级的Si O2可进一步改善其流动性和速溶性。     

羟丙基甲基纤维素和黄原胶浓度对初榨椰子油乳液及其模板油凝胶构建的影响

本实验采用乳液模板法制备了不同羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)和黄原胶(XG)浓度的初榨椰子油凝胶,对所得乳状液和油凝胶进行了粒径分析、微观结构观察、流变测定、油损失和X-射线衍射(XRD)分析,探讨HPMC和XG浓度对初榨椰子油凝胶形成和物理性能的影响.微观结构和粒径分析结果表明:高浓度HPMC具有较好的乳化性能,获得油...     

肉桂酸基油凝胶及其乳液的制备及理化性质表征

选择玉米油为溶剂,肉桂酸为凝胶剂制备油凝胶,探究其流变学、质构、持油性、热力学特性及凝胶剂晶体形态;以油凝胶为分散相,制备油凝胶乳液(O/W型),分析其粒径、流变学、稳定性等物理性质.结果 表明:肉桂酸临界成胶质量分数为4％,4℃条件下存放的油凝胶持油性较常温条件下更好;肉桂酸质量分数越大的油凝胶硬度越大,热稳定性越好...     

不同油相比例对黑豆分离蛋白乳液凝胶特性的影响

对黑豆分离蛋白添加不同油相比例(大豆油10%~60%)后制备的乳液表观黏度及由葡萄糖酸内酯(GDL)、CaCl_2、谷氨酰胺转氨酶诱导的黑豆分离蛋白乳液凝胶特性的变化进行了研究。结果表明:随着油相比例的增加,油脂与蛋白质之间作用,使蛋白质分子之间连接更加紧密,表观黏度增大;随着油相比例的增加,由GDL、CaCl_2和谷氨酰胺转氨酶诱导的黑豆分离蛋白乳液形成完整的三维结构时间缩短,凝胶强度增大,持水性增大。     

酪蛋白凝胶颗粒对水包油型乳液稳定性及体外消化的影响

研究酪蛋白凝胶颗粒对水包油型乳液的稳定性及体外消化特性的影响,并与商业乳化剂酪蛋白酸钠和吐温20作对比。采用马尔文激光粒度仪、纳米粒度电位仪及稳定性分析仪分别测定水包油乳液的粒径、电位和稳定性;通过模拟体外消化,研究酪蛋白凝胶颗粒稳定的乳液的消化情况并比较不同种类乳化剂对乳液体外消化特性的影响。结果表明,酪蛋白凝胶颗粒稳定的乳液不稳定性指数为0.71±0.09,显著低于酪蛋白酸钠和吐温稳定乳液的不稳定性指数(分别为1.43±0.09,1.62±0.15),稳定性最好。这与酪蛋白软颗粒能以完整的颗粒结构存在于油水界面后形成较强的空间位阻和静电作用有关。体外消化结果表明,酪蛋白凝胶颗粒稳定的乳液脂肪酸的释放量为(86.13±3.91)%,而酪蛋白酸钠和吐温20稳定的乳液脂肪酸释放量分别为(86.79±3.61)%,(91.62±1.31)%,三者并没有显著性差异,表明酪蛋白凝胶颗粒对乳液消化不产生抑制作用。乳化剂种类虽对初始消化速率有影响,但不影响消化终点。结论:酪蛋白凝胶颗粒能够较好地稳定水包油乳液且不影响其消化。     

大豆蛋白稳定乳液油凝胶的制备及其在肉糜中的应用

以大豆蛋白为稳定剂,葵花籽油为油相,通过高速剪切乳化技术制备乳液油凝胶,研究载油量、大豆蛋白浓度和热处理时间对乳液油凝胶的影响,并将乳液油凝胶应用于肉糜中替代动物脂肪。结果表明：大豆蛋白颗粒可以承载体积分数达70%的油相,且在大豆蛋白浓度超过1%的条件下,能形成稳定的乳液油凝胶,其粒径随着大豆蛋白浓度的增加而略微变小。乳液油凝胶经80 ℃热处理后,粒径大小随加热时间基本不变,显示良好的热稳定性。流变分析表明乳液油凝胶的黏度随剪切速率升高而下降,不同加热时间下的储能模量均比损耗模量高,表明乳液形成了弹性的类凝胶网络,且加热处理45 min 的乳液油凝胶黏弹性最为突出。肉糜经高温蒸煮后,肉糜蒸煮得率随乳液油凝胶替代比例的升高而提高,当乳液油凝胶完全替代猪油脂时,油脂和水分的渗出率明显降低。     

蓝莓皮提取物及油脂凝胶化对水飞蓟油氧化稳定性的影响

本文预期通过添加蓝莓皮提取物和油脂凝胶化来提高水飞蓟油的氧化稳定性,基于过氧化值(POV)和硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBA)等化学方法与电子鼻技术和核磁共振技术(_¹H NMR)相结合,监测水飞蓟油氧化稳定性、气味和脂肪酸、色泽等变化。结果表明,蓝莓皮提取物能够有效的抑制水飞蓟油的氧化且具有剂量依赖关系,0.06%的蓝莓皮提取物对水飞蓟油的氧化抑制作用最佳;蓝莓皮提取物会影响水飞蓟油的气味但不影响其色泽;蓝莓皮提取物对水飞蓟油凝胶的色泽和气味均无影响,但制备成水飞蓟油脂凝胶明显提高了水飞蓟油氧化稳定性。     

油相浓度对姜黄素纳米乳液稳定性的影响

以中链甘油三酯为油相,卵磷脂为乳化剂,采用高压均质技术制备出含不同油相浓度的姜黄素纳米乳液,于4、25和55℃条件下贮藏30 d,研究不同油相浓度对姜黄素纳米乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明:油相浓度较低(5%、10%)时,姜黄素纳米乳液具有较高的稳定性,姜黄素保留率分别达到48.50%和48.99%,粒径增加了0.79%和15.78%;且4℃贮藏时,其理化稳定性表现最好,30 d后姜黄素损失率仅为14.98%。      

负载虾青素的油凝胶纳米乳液的构建及体外消化研究

为提升虾青素的生物利用率,构建了油凝胶基纳米乳液,并以此为输送体系来递送虾青素.以小烛树蜡作为凝胶剂制备油凝胶,小烛树蜡的最低添加量为1.2％(质量分数,下同).2.0％的小烛树蜡油凝胶比1.2％的具有更高的凝胶相变温度、硬度以及弹性.流变学研究表明,两者均表现出凝胶网络结构,而2.0％的小烛树蜡油凝胶网络更强.以2....     

Deformation and fracture of emulsion-filled gels: Effect of gelling agent concentration and oil droplet size

The effect of the ratio between the modulus of the oil droplets and that of the gel matrix (varied by changing gelling agent concentration and oil droplet size) on the large deformation properties of gelatine, κ-carrageenan and whey protein isolate (WPI) gels was studied at different compression speeds. The effect of gelling agent concentration and oil droplet size on strain-dependency of modulus and viscoelastic properties was also studied. An increase in the concentration of gelling agent resulted in denser gels with more bonds between structural elements. This induced an increase of both Young's modulus and fracture stress for all gels. With increasing gelling agent concentration, polymer gels (gelatine and κ-carrageenan) became less strain-hardening, and the particle gels (WPI) even became strain-softening. The effect of a decrease in the oil droplet size on the Young's modulus was generally according to the Van der Poel theory, unless when the oil droplets were aggregated. Moreover, a decrease in oil droplet size induced a decrease of the fracture strain in gels with non-aggregated bound droplets. The extent of these changes was shown to depend on the gelling agent concentration. The effect of a decrease of the oil droplet size on other fracture parameters and in other gel systems was minor. With decreasing oil droplet size gelatine gels with unbound droplets and WPI gels became more viscous and less elastic.     

Rheology and microstructure of myofibrillar protein-plant lipid composite gels: Effect of emulsion droplet size and membrane type

Composite gels were prepared from 2% myofibrillar protein (MP) with 10% imbedded pre-emulsified plant oils (olive and peanut) of various particle sizes at 0.6 M NaCl, pH 6.2. Dynamic rheological testing upon temperature sweeping (20-70 °C at 2 °C/min) showed substantial increases in G′ (elastic modulus) of MP sols/gels with the addition of emulsions, and the G′ increases were inversely related to the emulsion droplet size. Furthermore, gels containing emulsified olive oil had a greater (P < 0.05) hardness than those containing emulsified peanut oil. Regardless of oil types, MP-coated oil droplets exhibited stronger reinforcement of MP gels than Tween 80-stablized oil droplets; the latter composite gels had considerable syneresis. Light microscopy with paraffin sectioning revealed a stable gel structure when filled with protein-coated oil droplets, compared to gels with Tween 80-treated emulsions that showed coalesced oil droplets. These results suggest that rheological characteristics, hardness, texture, and water-holding capacity of MP gels were influenced by type of oils, the nature of the interfacial membrane, and the size of emulsion droplets.     

高内相Pickering乳液荷载生物活性物质的构建

目的 构建稳定荷载生物活性物质的高内相Pickering乳液。方法 通过简单的反溶剂纳米沉淀法制备玉米醇溶蛋白/果胶复合颗粒,再通过均质乳化技术,成功构建荷载姜黄素的高内相Pickering乳液,研究在不同pH条件下该乳液体系的储藏稳定性、外观、粒径和流变学特性。结果 该荷载姜黄素的高内相Pickering乳液（油相占比高达80%）能稳定储藏两个月以上不变质,乳液粒径较小,基本在100~200 μm之间,其流变学行为表明该乳液具有较好的粘弹性和凝胶特性,并且随着pH值的降低,胶体颗粒的三相接触角越接近90°,乳液的凝胶性越强,乳液越稳定。结论 本方法制备简单,操作方法,成功的构建了荷载姜黄素的高内相Pickering乳液,为高内相Pickering乳液在食品、药品和化妆品等领域的应用提供了一个方向。     

Influence of different parameters on droplet size and size distribution of sprayable sunscreen emulsions with high concentration of UV-filters

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible influence of different formulation and technological parameters such as sunscreen type and concentration, viscosity, propellant gas, actuator and valve type on size and size distribution of droplets in emulsions of waterproof sunscreens conditioned in aerosol cans. Different kinds of emulsion, W/Si and W/O, were prepared with high concentrations of organic and inorganic UV-filters. These formulations were incorporated in aerosol cans with gas (a blend of butane, propane and isobutane). The size and size distribution of the droplets were analysed by laser diffraction using a Malvern Spraytec. The results showed that the sprayability of the formulation and the particle size characteristics of the emitted sprays are dependent on the physicochemical properties of the formulations. Sprayable waterproof sunscreen emulsions, with a high sun protection factor and negligible percentage of emitted droplets below 30 mum, were successfully developed by optimizing formulation parameters and using appropriate actuators and valves.     

脱脂芝麻粕稳定高内相乳液的制备及特性

分别以去皮和带皮脱脂芝麻粕为稳定剂制备了高内相乳液(HIPEs),研究了该乳液的基本性质,探讨了脱脂芝麻粕添加量、油相体积分数、体系pH以及离子浓度对HIPEs微观结构、粒径及流变性质的影响。结果表明:油相体积分数为0. 75时,去皮和带皮脱脂芝麻粕稳定HIPEs的最低添加量分别为5. 0%和3. 0%;去皮和带皮脱脂芝麻粕添加量为5. 0%时,其稳定HIPEs的最高油相体积分数分别为0. 75和0. 85;脱脂芝麻粕在中性pH以及添加适量NaCl下,制备的HIPEs更稳定。流变性质研究表明,HIPEs内部存在以弹性为主的凝胶网络结构,随着脱脂芝麻粕添加量的增大,HIPEs粒径逐渐减小且呈均匀分布,黏弹性能逐渐增大。     

Properties and thermal stability of Pickering high internal phase emulsion prepared by TGase cross-linked collagen fibres

In this study, high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) were prepared by algal oil and transglutaminase (TGase) cross-linked collagen fibres, and the properties and thermal stability (90 °C, 40 min) of HIPEs were also investigated. Under 1.0 wt % collagen fibres without TGase, the emulsion prepared by centrifugation could achieve an oil phase volume up to 60%, the non-centrifuged emulsion could only come up to 50% oil phase volume, however, with the addition of TGase, the HIPEs could be formed with 72% oil phase volume. The obtained HIPEs showed gel-like morphology. The droplets size of unheated HIPEs decreased as the TGase concentration increased, but the change was not significant when TGase was more than 20 U g⁻¹ collagen fibres. The droplets size of heated HIPEs increased, but it was almost the same as the unheated samples when TGase was more than 30 U g⁻¹ collagen fibres, suggesting good thermal stability.     

乳液凝胶的构建及应用研究进展

食品级乳液凝胶是一种半固体性材料,具有原材料来源广、无毒性、生物相容性高、可降解等优势,同时其独特的三维网状结构具有保护及控制生物活性物质释放的能力,这些优点引起了人们极大的关注.本文综合近些年国内外相关研究,综述了多糖基、蛋白基及复合基质构建的不同乳液凝胶类型,从消化吸收、保护生物活性物质、提高药物利用率3个方面简述...     

Response surface methodology and multivariate analysis of equilibrium headspace concentration of orange beverage emulsion as function of emulsion composition and structure

The influence of emulsion composition (i.e. Arabic gum, xanthan gum and, orange oil) and structural emulsion properties (i.e. average droplet size and apparent viscosity) on equilibrium headspace concentration of beverage emulsions was investigated. Increase in average droplet size led to increase the equilibrium headspace concentration of more hydrophilic volatile compounds (i.e. lower log P) such as ethyl acetate and octanal, but decrease in more hydrophobic volatile compounds such as 3-carene, myrcene and limonene. In most cases, apparent viscosity had significant positive effect on equilibrium headspace concentration. Principle component analysis (PCA) score discriminated the beverage emulsions containing the same orange oil content but different contents of emulsifiers in different classes, thus indicating the significant (p < 0.05) effect of emulsifier fraction on equilibrium headspace concentration. Beverage emulsion containing 22.2% (w/w) Arabic gum, 0.52% (w/w) xanthan gum and 14.21% (w/w) orange oil was estimated to provide the highest equilibrium headspace concentration.     

南瓜籽分离蛋白颗粒稳定的高内相皮克林乳液的 制备及应用研究

为了得到一种性能优异的天然来源的颗粒稳定剂,以南瓜籽为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法制备了南瓜籽分离蛋白（PSPI）,利用反溶剂法制备了南瓜籽分离蛋白颗粒（PSPI Ps),并以PSPI Ps为稳定剂制备了高内相皮克林乳液（HIPPEs）。考察了水相PSPI Ps质量分数、油相体积分数和水相pH对HIPPEs微观结构、粒径和流变性能的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜以及激光共聚焦扫描显微镜对HIPPEs的界面结构进行了表征。另外,探究了HIPPEs的耐酸碱能力、常温储存稳定性、热稳定性和光稳定性。结果表明：制备的HIPPEs为O/W型微米级乳液;水相PSPI Ps质量分数在0.2%～2.0%范围时,随着PSPI Ps质量分数的增加,乳液液滴粒径显著减小,凝胶强度显著增加;油相体积分数在50%～84%范围时,随着油相体积分数的增加,乳液液滴粒径增加,而凝胶强度减小;水相pH在3～9范围时,随着水相pH的增加,乳液液滴粒径先增大后减小,凝胶强度先减小后增加;所制备的HIPPEs具有良好的耐酸碱能力、常温储存稳定性、热稳定性以及光照稳定性。综上,PSPI Ps是一种性能优异的高内向乳液稳定剂。