异基因造血干细胞移植在白血病治疗中的疗效与安全性分析

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo—HSCT)在白血病治疗中的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析我院2013年3月～2019年12月67例使用allo—HSCT治疗的白血病患者临床资料,分析不同类型白血病患者近远期疗效,术后并发症及随访情况。结果 67例患者造血功能均获得重建;3例(4.5%)患者发生急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD),25例(37.3%)患者发生慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD);18例(26.87%)患者出现感染,3例(4.5%)患者出现肝静脉阻塞综合征;20例(29.85%)患者出现口腔粘膜炎;随访至2019年1月30日,患者中位生产时间为18.6个月(2.8～63.2)个月,死亡13例,包括复发死亡5例,GVHD死亡2例,颅内出血死亡1例,继发性肿瘤死亡2例,无病生存8例。结论 allo—HSCT在白血病治疗中效果较好,相关并发症较高,但通过治疗后恢复较好,值得在临床白血病治疗中进一步探讨。     

造血干细胞移植治疗骨髓增生异常综合征20例疗效分析

目的评价造血干细胞移植（HSCT）治疗骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者的疗效，探讨MDS患者接受HSCT治疗的适应证和时机。方法1993年11月～2007年4月对20例MDS及MDS转急性髓系白血病（AML）患者（男性12例,女性8例,中位年龄39岁）行HSCT治疗。其中18例接受同胞供者异基因外周血干细胞移植（allo—PBSCT）；1例为同基因骨髓移植（Svn—BMT）；1例为无关脐带血移植（CBT），＋25d时移植失败行自体骨髓移植。预处理主要采用修改的Bu／Cv方案。结果3年总生存率（SO）及3年无病生存率均为53.3％±12％；3年复发率（RR）10．8％±7％，移植相关死亡率（TRM）42．6％±12％。截止随访日期，存活11例，中位生存时间16．5（2.0～112）个月。结论HSCT是治疗MDS的有效方法,如有HLA匹配的同胞供者,HSCT可作为MDS患者的一线治疗。     

移植物抗宿主病中调节性T细胞作用研究进展（文献综述）

在异基因造血干细胞移植（Allogeneic hemeatopoietic stem cell transplantation，allo—HSCT）临床应用中，尽管供受者间主／次要组织相容性抗原配型精确度和支持治疗已有很大的改进，但由供者T细胞介导的急、慢性移植物抗宿主病（graft vessus host disease，GVHD）仍然是异基因造血干细胞移植的主要并发症和死因之一。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后的相关并发症及危险因素

背景：有效预防和治疗异基因造血干细胞移植后并发症是提高患者存活率的重要因素。 目的：分析异基因造血干细胞移植后相关并发症的发生和危险因素。 方法：应用文献检索的方法获取异基因造血干细胞移植后相关并发症研究的文献,对符合研究标准的文献进行深入的数据分析,文章选取异基因造血干细胞移植后极易发生的并发症进行分析,如肺部并发症、真菌性败血症、巨细胞病毒感染以及中枢神经系统并发症等。 结果与结论：异基因造血干细胞移植后易出现肺部并发症,而且死亡率较高,肺部并发症的发病机制可能与移植物抗宿主病和巨细胞病毒抗原血症相关。异基因造血干细胞移植后真菌性败血症病原菌以假丝酵母菌属为主,死亡率较高,应二级预防性和早期经验性抗真菌治疗。更昔洛韦、膦甲酸钠对异基因造血干细胞移植后巨细胞病毒感染的治疗有效。中枢神经系统并发症在异基因造血干细胞移植后发生率较低,但在治疗过程也不容忽视。异基因造血干细胞移植后相关并发症的发生与多种危险因素有关,在临床治疗过程中要对相关因素采取预防措施,减少并发症的发生,提高患者的存活率。     

HLA匹配同胞供者和半倍体供者异基因造血干细胞移植治疗多次输血的重型再生障碍性贫血

目的 研究HLA匹配同胞供者和半倍体供者异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)治疗多次输血的重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)患者的疗效。方法 回顾性分析11例多次输血的SAA患者移植疗效与并发症发生率。11例患者中8例接受HLA匹配同胞供者HSCT，3例接受半倍体(母亲)HSCT。供、受者之间HLAA，B，DR抗原全相合者7例，1个位点不相合者3例，3个位点不相合者1例。结果 所有11例患者移植后均获得造血重建，其中3例患者发生Ⅰ-Ⅱ度急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)，2例发生慢性局限型GVHD，2例发生移植物排斥，1例死亡，1例因自身造血功能恢复而生存；1例患者移植后5个月死于间质性肺炎。中位随访13个月(3～71个月)，9例患者生存(包括3例半倍体供者植入HSCT)，其中8例患者供体细胞持久植入。结论 HLA匹配同胞供者和半倍体供者allo-HSCT是治疗SAA的一种有效方法。     

造血干细胞移植后非感染性肺部并发症:研究与进展

背景:造血干细胞移植为血液系统肿瘤、实体肿瘤、免疫性及遗传性疾病患者带来了生存的希望,但移植后非感染性肺部并发症发生及死亡率高,诊断、治疗困难。目的:对造血干细胞移植后非感染性肺部并发症的发病时间、危险因素、临床表现、高分辨CT特征、组织病理、相关基因及治疗方案作一综述。方法:在标题和摘要中,以"造血干细胞移植、肺部并发症、非感染性、吡非尼酮"或"HSCT,Pulmonary complications,Non-infectious,Pirfenidone"为检索词,检索维普数据库、Pub Med数据库和Sciencedirect数据库中2005年1月至2014年10月关于造血干细胞移植后非感染性肺部并发症方面的文献。最终选择31篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:造血干细胞移植后非感染性肺部并发症发生率逐渐增多,临床症状不典型,诊断及治疗手段有限,临床上可根据其不同的发病时间、临床表现、相应的诊断标准、合适的实验室检查作出早期诊断并早期干预,尤其是胸部高分辨CT、纤支镜灌洗的应用及新型药物的及时干预,可提高患者生存率。     

老年患者胰十二指肠切除术后并发症及其危险因素分析

目的 探讨老年患者胰十二指肠切除术（PD）后并发症及其危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年1月接受胰十二指肠切除术的老年患者的临床资料,对患者术后并发症的发生情况及其危险因素进行统计分析。结果 本组共65例,均顺利完成手术,术后并发腹腔感染13例、胰漏9例、腹腔出血4例、胆漏4例、胃排空障碍2例、切口感染2例、肺部感染2例、上消化道出血1例、胸腔积液1例,术后总并发症发生率41.5%（27/65）。患者PD术后1个月内死亡5例,病死率7.7%（5/65）。多变量logistic回归分析显示术后总并发症发生的独立危险因素为胰腺质软和胰管直径＜3 mm（P＜0.05）;腹腔感染的独立危险因素为术中出血≥400 ml和胰腺质软;胰漏的独立危险因素为手术时间＞360 min、胰腺质软和胰管直径＜3 mm（P＜0.05）。结论 老年并非是胰十二指肠切除术禁忌,胰腺质软和胰管直径＜3 mm是术后并发症发生的独立危险因素。     

以FCA预处理的造血干细胞移植治疗SAA的临床研究

目的探讨以氟达拉滨（Flu）、低剂量环磷酰胺（CTX）和抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG）为预处理的FCA方案异基因造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血（SAA）的疗效及安全性。方法用FCA预处理方案预处理移植治疗SAA-Ⅰ型和SAA-Ⅱ型患者各2例,其中同胞供者人类白细胞抗原（HLA）低分辨配型（6/6位点）全相合的骨髓联合外周血造血干细胞移植3例、非血缘关系高分辨HLA配型（10/10位点）全相合的外周血造血干细胞移植1例。同胞供者的预处理方案：Flu30mg·m-2d-1×5d,CTX50～60mg·kg-1d-1×5d,ATG3mg·kg-1d-1×3d。非血缘关系的预处理方案：CTX20mg·kg-1d-1×2d,ATG5mg·kg-1d-1×3d,Flu30mg·m-2d-1×4d。移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的预防：均采用低剂量环孢素A（CsA）联合低剂量短程甲氨蝶呤（MTX）,非血缘关系移植加用霉酚酸酯（MMF）0.5gbid,＋1d～＋28d。观察移植并发症、输血量、造血重建、嵌合体和生存状态。结果 4例患者均获得造血干细胞的成功植入,移植后中性粒细胞绝对值（ANC）〉0.5×109/L的时间为＋10d～＋15d,血小板（PLT）〉20×109/L的时间为＋10d～＋20d,移植后输注红细胞3～6U,血小板4～10U,随访7～42个月,完全供者嵌合体,血液学完全缓解;患者1出现广泛型慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD）,死于多脏器功能衰竭,其余3例无病生存,其中非血缘关系移植的患者4发生轻度局限型cGVHD和巨细胞病毒血症,经过治疗很快控制。结论 Flu、低剂量CTX和ATG的FCA预处理方案的异基因造血干细胞移植治疗SAA的疗效肯定,患者耐受性好,值得推广。     

不同方法治疗重型再生障碍性贫血儿童临床不良反应分析

目的 探讨HSCT和IST治疗儿童重型再生障碍性贫血的不良反应。方法 回顾性分析2011年10月~2017年11月我院收治的113例SAA及vSAA患儿的临床资料,其中接受HSCT治疗的30例设为HSCT组,接受IST治疗的83例设为IST组,比较两组不良反应发生率,HSCT组内不同供体状态不良反应发生率、IST组内应用p-ALG与r-ATG不良反应发生率。结果 治疗后HSCT组感染发生率（60.00%）总体较IST组（35.92%）高（P＜0.05）;其中HSCT组疱疹病毒感染发生率（23.33%）较IST组（3.61%）高（P＜0.05）;两组脓毒血症、肺部感染及真菌感染发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;HSCT组中,非MSD治疗与MSD治疗其Ⅰ度aGVHD发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）; 非MSD治疗较MSD治疗发生Ⅱ度及以上aGVHD、cGVHD的发生率高（P＜0.05）;药物应用时主要不良反应为类过敏反应,r-ATG发生率高于p-ALG（P＜0.05）;药物应用后主要不良反应为血清病样反应,两种药物发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 感染是SAA治疗中最常见不良反应,HSCT组更易发生,尤其是疱疹病毒感染比例高;HSCT治疗应注意供体选择,减少GVHD发生率;IST组应用r-ATG更易出现类过敏反应,需引起重视。     

树突状细胞亚群与急慢性移植物抗宿主病的关系

目的探讨树突状细胞（DCs）亚群在急慢性移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）中的作用。方法通过三色流式细胞仪检测异基因造血干细胞移植患者7例发生aGVHD前后和8例cGVHD治疗前后外周血DC1、DC2变化。结果发生aGVHD时患者DC1、DC2百分数及绝对数均明显低于发生aGVHD前水平，二者相比DC1、DC2百分数及绝对数均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。GVHD（＋）组DC1、DC2水平均低于GVHD（-）组，其中DC2百分数和绝对数两组相比具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。aGVHD治疗后DC1、DC2百分数和绝对数均较发生aGVHD时有所增加，aGVHD治疗后与发生aGVHD时DC1、DC2百分数和绝对数对比较，均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。发生cGVHD患者DC1、DC2百分数与正常健康人外周血DC1、DC2百分数相比具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗后cGVHD患者DC1、DC2百分数明显下降，与治疗前相比具有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论aGVHD患者外周血DC1、DC2是减少的，而cGVHD患者外周血DC1、DC2是增加的，尤其以DC2为显著。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.