股腘动脉粥样硬化病变腔内治疗的疗效分析

目的评价股腘动脉硬化病变腔内治疗的近期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年1月～2009年6月收治的55例(57条患肢)TASCC型股腘动脉病变患者的临床资料,其中50例(52条患肢)施行经皮血管腔内球囊成形术和支架植入术,应用踝/肱指数(ABI)、Fontaine分期、保肢率和通畅率综合评估治疗效果。结果腔内治疗技术成功率91.2%,围手术期死亡率5.3%,截肢率3.5%。腔内治疗明显提高患肢足背动脉AB(I0.38±0.17vs0.68±0.39,P0.01)和胫后动脉的AB(I0.41±0.18vs0.72±0.50,P0.05)。重症下肢缺血(CLI)的患肢数由治疗前的36条(63.2%)减少至治疗后的19条(36.5%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。平均随访(11.4±6.4)个月,随访期足背动脉和胫后动脉ABI分别为0.48±0.38和0.61±0.47,与术前和术后相比,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);随访期CLI的患肢数(12条,29.3%)与治疗前(36条,63.2%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),与治疗后(19条,36.5%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腔内治疗TASCC型股腘动脉硬化病变创伤小,近期临床疗效满意。     

微球囊血管腔内成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性疾病

目的 观察微球囊血管腔内成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性疾病的疗效.方法 对采用微球囊血管腔内成形术治疗的32例(37条肢体)膝下动脉闭塞性疾病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.按Fontaine分期:Ⅲ期22条患肢(59.5%),Ⅳ期15条患肢(40.5%).术前踝/肱指数(ABI)为0.22±0.20.结果 技术成功35条肢体,成功率94.6%.35条肢体中术后静息痛消失21条肢体(60.0%),明显缓解12条肢体(34.3%),减轻2条肢体(5.7%);8例足部溃疡患者中愈合3条肢体,缩小5例.膝下截肢1条肢体,半足切除2条肢体.术后ABI 0.73±0.21,较术前有显著提高(P<0.01).手术成功的35条肢体均行术后随访,随访时间1～29个月,平均13.6个月.随访中2条肢体分别于术后6,14个月再次出现静息痛,经二次经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)治疗后症状消失;其余33条肢体症状、体征均无加重或复发.结论 微球囊血管腔内成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性疾病安全可行,且创伤小、恢复快、近期疗效确切.远期效果有待进一步观察.     

膝下动脉狭窄或闭塞血管腔内成形术的治疗

目的探讨血管腔内成形术(PTA)治疗膝下动脉狭窄或闭塞的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年6月至2009年7月我科采用PTA治疗的34例(38条患肢)膝下动脉狭窄或闭塞患者的临床资料。结果 35条患肢PTA治疗成功,技术成功率为92%(35/38),平均随访8(3～18)个月,踝肱指数(ABI)由术前的0.41±0.12上升至0.82±0.05(P0.01),总的肢体保全率为91.4%。无住院死亡,并发症发生率为13%(5/38)。结论 PTA治疗膝下动脉狭窄或闭塞短期内具有较好的临床疗效,可以明显减少截肢率,是一种治疗膝下动脉病变至下肢缺血有效且安全的方法。     

腔内介入治疗膝下动脉缺血性疾病

目的 回顾性分析血管腔内介入治疗膝下动脉缺血性疾病的疗效,初步总结其技术要点、主要并发症防治与应用价值.方法 对2004年11月至2007年7月期间收治的60例(65条肢体)膝下动脉缺血性疾病的患者行膝下病变段动脉球囊扩张(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)和/或支架植入(stenting)治疗,观察症状的改善,踝肱指数(ankle/brachial index,ABI)的变化,保肢率以及近期通畅率.结果 60例患者(65条肢体)中,技术成功51例,成功率83.3%;临床成功53例,成功率88.3%.症状完全缓解40例(66.7%),部分缓解13例(21.7%),无改善7例(11.6%);ABI从术前0.40±0.18增加到术后0.91±0.22,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).2例膝下截肢,4例足趾截趾,出院时保肢率为91%.随访54例,随访时间10 d至30个月,平均(14.5±1.2)个月.2例膝上截肢,2例膝下截肢,2例足趾截趾,保肢率88.9%(48例/54例);症状复发5例,复发率9.2%,血管再闭塞或再狭窄10例,通畅率81.5%,1年累积通畅率为57.3%.结论 腔内介入治疗膝下动脉缺血性疾病安全、可行,近期疗效确切,是该类疾病重要的治疗选择.     

TASCⅡ C、D型股腘动脉闭塞腔内治疗的操作技巧与疗效分析

目的观察TASCⅡ C、D型股腘动脉闭塞腔内治疗的临床疗效,分析影响治疗效果的可能因素与操作技巧。方法 2009年1月～2010年6月,89例(113条患肢)TASCⅡ C、D型股腘动脉闭塞患者接受腔内治疗。对患者术后3、6和12个月时的临床症状、踝肱指数(ABI)、并发症发生率和累计通畅率进行分析。结果成功开通病变肢体共106条,技术成功率93.8%。36条(34.0%)患肢出现并发症。75例患者(共92条下肢)获得随访,随访率为86.8%。平均随访时间12.5个月。术后3、6和12个月时的平均ABI分别为0.74±0.39、0.68±0.38和0.66±0.31,与术前比较(0.43±0.39),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后12个月的一期通畅率、辅助通畅率和二期通畅率分别为64.6%、72.4%和81.5%。结论 TASCⅡ C、D型股腘动脉闭塞腔内治疗是一种安全有效的方法。熟练的腔内操作技术和规范的术后指导是提高技术成功率和维持动脉早中期通畅的关键。     

TASCⅡC、D型股胭动脉闭塞腔内治疗的操作技巧与疗效分析

目的 观察TASCⅡC、D型股胭动脉闭塞腔内治疗的临床疗效,分析影响治疗效果的可能因素与操作技巧.方法 2009年1月～20lO年6月,89例(113条患肢)TAsCⅡC、D型股胭动脉闭塞患者接受腔内治疗.对患者术后3、6和12个月时的临床症状、踝肱指数(ABI)、并发症发生率和累计通畅率进行分析.结果 成功开通病变肢体共106条,技术成功率93.8%.36条(34.0%)患肢出现并发症.75例患者(共92条下肢)获得随访,随访率为86.8%.平均随访时间12.5个月.术后3、6和12个月时的平均ABI分别为0.74±0.39、0.68±0.38和0.66±0.31,与术前比较(0.43±0.39),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).术后12个月的一期通畅率、辅助通畅率和二期通畅率分别为64.6%、72.4%和81.5%.结论 TASCⅡC、D型股腘动脉闭塞腔内治疗是一种安全有效的方法.熟练的腔内操作技术和规范的术后指导是提高技术成功率和维持动脉早中期通畅的关键.     

股腘动脉闭塞腔内治疗的彩色多普勒超声随访检查

目的 评价彩色多普勒超声在股腘动脉闭塞腔内治疗患者随访中的临床应用价值.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声对57例股腘动脉闭塞腔内治疗患者进行随访,检测腔内治疗术后动脉内血流动力学变化.结果 本组57例均获随访,随访率100％.随访时间3～33个月,平均(13±7)个月.经彩色多普勒超声检查后发现患肢动脉轻度狭窄31例,中度8例,重度6例,完全闭塞12例;57例中FontaineⅠ期7例,Ⅱ期42例,Ⅲ期6例,Ⅳ期2例;ABI≥1.0有2例,0.8≤ABI＜ 1.0有10例,0.5≤ABI ＜0.8有31例,ABI＜0.5有14例.动脉狭窄程度与Fontaine分期和ABI指数均呈正相关性(r =0.47,P＜0.01;r =0.66,P＜0.01).29例同时接受DSA检查,超声和DSA检查结果具有显著一致性(Kappa值=0.61,P＜0.01),超声诊断股腘动脉闭塞的敏感性92.0％ (23/25),特异性75.0％ (3/4),准确性89.7％(26/29).结论 彩色多普勒超声可实时监测腔内治疗术后股腘动脉血流动力学变化,是评估临床疗效有效的无创检查方法.     

膝下动脉闭塞症的腔内治疗

目的探讨腔内术对膝下动脉闭塞疾病的治疗价值。方法回顾性分析2006年2月至2008年5月复旦大学附属中山医院血管外科收治的86例患有膝下动脉闭塞症的住院病人的病史资料和术后随访资料。结果86例病人（90条患肢）经经皮腔内血管成形术（PTA）治疗,82条患肢获得影像学成功（残留狭窄率＜30%）。技术成功率为911%（82/90）。术前1周和术后1周行下肢节段测压,踝肱指数（ABI）由术前的034±016提高到085±023。1年累计初次通畅率为612%,24月累积初次通畅率为495%,肢体保全率978%,存活率978%。结论PTA治疗膝下动脉闭塞症临床成功率高,并发症少,保肢率高,可以作为膝下动脉闭塞特别是重症肢体缺血的首选。     

糖尿病肢体动脉闭塞症中医临床路径研究

目的:观察中医临床路径方案治疗糖尿病肢体动脉闭塞症的疗效。方法:90例糖尿病肢体动脉闭塞症患者辨证分为血瘀证组和湿热下注证组,分别应用中医临床路径方案治疗28 d,观察两组的疗效,检测治疗前后的踝肱指数(ABI)和足背、胫后动脉平均血流速度。结果:血瘀证组显愈率为78.05%、总有效率为100%,湿热下注证组显愈率为61.22%、总有效率为97.96%;血瘀证组较治疗前ABI值升高(P0.05),两组足背、胫后动脉血流速度均较治疗前升高(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:中医临床路径方案治疗糖尿病肢体动脉闭塞症疗效显著,并能有效改善ABI和足背、胫后动脉平均血流速度。     

膝下动脉球囊血管成形术治疗重症下肢缺血的临床研究

目的 评价膝下动脉闭塞首选球囊血管成形术的临床治疗效果.方法 2005年12月至2009年5月,对于连续收治且符合手术指征的54例(61条肢体)膝下动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的重症下肢缺血患者,采用膝下动脉球囊血管成形术进行治疗.其中男性37例,女性17例,平均年龄66岁.术前踝肱指数平均0.43±0.27.根据病变部位选择手术方法,膝下动脉病变首选球囊血管成形术,合并髂股动脉病变同时进行血管重建(支架置入或动脉旁路术).结果 髂股动脉重建(28条肢体行支架置入,5条肢体行动脉旁路术)均一期成功.膝下动脉球囊血管成形术57条肢体获得一期成功,技术成功率93.4%.围手术期主要并发症为小腿血肿3例(4.9%),膝下截肢2例(3.3%).术后踝肱指数增加至0.86±0.21,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).本组平均随访时间(16±11)个月,一期通畅率61.1%,21条肢体发生再狭窄(38.9%),其中10条肢体再次接受外科干预,二期通畅率75.9%.截肢3条肢体,总的救肢率91.8%.结论 球囊血管成形术是治疗重症下肢缺血安全有效的方法,可以作为膝下动脉病变首选的外科干预手段.     

Angiosome指导下膝下动脉成形术治疗合并糖尿病的Fontaine1V级下肢动脉缺血

目的探讨Angiosome指导下膝下动脉成形术的临床价值。方法2011年1月～2012年2月20例合并糖尿病的FontaineIV级缺血（ABI：0．10～0．22,平均0．15）,按照Angiosome概念评价足部破损区域的靶血管并开通,其中胫前动脉7例,胫后动脉10例,胫前后动脉3例。患肢股浅动脉顺行穿刺,应用V18导丝及Reekross18球囊导管开通闭塞的靶血管,AmphirionDeep球囊行成形术。术后即时测定患肢踝肱指数（anklebrachialindex,ABI）,术后1、3、6个月采用血管多普勒和CTA／NCMRA以及局部切口愈合情况评价血管开通、通畅性和创面修复情况,同时记录有无截肢事件发生。结果20例均成功开通靶血管,无相关并发症发生。术后即时AB10．86±0．06,较术前0．154-0．03显著提高（t=-45．603,P=0．000）。术后1、3、6个月时靶血管的通畅率分别为100％（20／20）、95％（19／20）、75％（15／20）。术后6个月保肢率为100％,85％（17／20）的患肢6个月时完全愈合。结论Angiosome指导下膝下动脉成形术治疗合并糖尿病的FontaineIV级缺血安全可行,有助于保肢及促进创面愈合的治疗。     

Duplex-guided balloon angioplasty and subintimal dissection of infrapopliteal arteries: early results with a new approach to avoid radiation exposure and contrast material

OBJECTIVE: Balloon angioplasties of stenotic or occluded infrapopliteal arteries may be helpful in selected high-risk patients threatened with limb loss. Thus far, these procedures have demanded fluoroscopy and the injection of potentially nephrotoxic contrast material. Herein, we proposed a new alternative to avoid the harmful effects of radiation exposure and the risk of acute renal failure. METHODS: Over the last 16 months, 30 patients (57% male) aged 74 +/- 9 years (mean +/- SD) had a total of 52 attempted balloon angioplasties of the infrapopliteal arteries in 32 limbs under duplex guidance. Indications for the procedure were critical ischemia in 20 limbs (63%), including rest pain, ischemic ulcers, and gangrene in 4 (13%), 10 (31%), and 6 (19%) limbs, respectively. Severe disabling claudication was an indication in the remaining 12 limbs (37%). All patients had concomitantly performed balloon angioplasties of the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries (28 cases) or the popliteal artery alone (4 cases). Balloon angioplasty of the infrapopliteal arteries was performed as an adjunct to improve runoff. Hypertension, diabetes, renal insufficiency, smoking, and coronary artery disease were present in 77%, 73%, 50%, 47%, and 37% of cases, respectively. There were 42 cases (81%) with infrapopliteal arterial stenoses (25 tibioperoneal trunks, 9 peroneal arteries, 4 anterior tibial arteries, and 4 posterior tibial arteries) in 26 limbs. The remaining 10 cases (19%) had infrapopliteal arterial occlusions (4 tibioperoneal trunks, 5 peroneal arteries, and 1 anterior tibial artery) in 6 limbs. All these cases were combined with more proximal endovascular procedures (21 femoropopliteal stenoses and 11 femoropopliteal occlusions). All patients had preprocedure duplex arterial mapping and ankle/brachial index (ABI) measurement. Local anesthesia with light sedation was used in all cases. The common femoral artery was cannulated under direct duplex visualization. Still under duplex guidance, a guidewire was directed into the proximal superficial femoral artery and distally, beyond the infrapopliteal diseased segment. The diseased segment was then balloon-dilated. Balloon diameter and length were chosen according to the arterial measurements obtained by duplex guidance. Completion duplex examinations were performed and postprocedure ABIs were obtained in all cases. RESULTS: Although the overall technical success was 94% (49/52 cases), it was 95% for those with stenoses (40/42 cases) and 90% for those with occlusions (9/10 cases; P < .5). Intraoperative thrombosis occurred in three infrapopliteal cases (two tibioperoneal trunks and one peroneal artery) and in one popliteal artery. All four cases were successfully managed with intra-arterial infusion of thrombolytic agents under duplex guidance. Overall, the preprocedure and postprocedure ABIs ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 (mean +/- SD, 0.58 +/- 0.15) and 0.7 to 1.1 (mean +/- SD, 0.9 +/- 0.16), respectively (P < .0001). Twenty-two (88%) of 25 patients experienced a significant (> 0.15) postoperative ABI increase. Overall 30-day survival and limb salvage rates were 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed technique eliminates the need for radiation exposure and the use of contrast material, and it seems to be an effective alternative approach for the treatment of infrapopliteal occlusive disease. Additional advantages include accurate selection of the proper size of balloon and confirmation of the adequacy of the technique by hemodynamic and imaging parameters.     

个体化血管重建术治疗下肢多平面动脉硬化闭塞症

目的 观察序贯立交搭桥或结合腔内技术治疗下肢多平面动脉硬化闭塞症的临床效果。方法 2004年4月～2005年7月，对11例14条下肢多平面动脉硬化闭塞症患者，采用序贯立交搭桥或动脉内膜剥脱术或腔内外结合手术治疗。其中男10例，女1例；年龄62～79岁，平均70．5岁。表现为间歇性跛行8例（FontaineⅡ期），静息痛3例（Fontaine Ⅲ期），足趾溃疡、坏疽1例（FontaineⅣ期）。彩色多普勒检查示14条下肢均为多平面动脉硬化闭塞，踝肱指数（ankle brachialindex，ABI）为0．36±0．11。下肢数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography，DSA）显示双侧髂总动脉闭塞2em、髂外动脉闭塞、双侧股浅动脉闭塞3例，右侧髂总动脉狭窄、髂外动脉闭塞、双侧股浅动脉闭塞1例，单侧髂外动脉狭窄、股浅动脉闭塞7例。术后行DSA、彩色多普勒检查及ABI测定，观察血管通畅情况。结果 术后无死亡。患者均获随访3～26个月，平均14．5个月。间歇性跛行、静息痛等症状均消失，ABI术后为0．89±0．13，与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。肢体获救率100％。术后3～280d行下肢DSA显示转流血管通畅率为92．86％（13／14）。结论 序贯立交搭桥或腔内外手术结合，是治疗严重下肢多平面动脉硬化闭塞症的一种可靠、安全、相对微创的治疗方法。     

Clinical effects of single or double tibial artery revascularization in critical limb ischemia patients with tissue loss

Objective

The achievement of single vessel inflow to the wound is an acceptable end point of peripheral vascular intervention for patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) with tissue loss. However, CLI patients often have multitibial artery lesions. We evaluated the clinical effects of single or double tibial artery revascularization for CLI patients.

56例腘动脉以下肢体动脉缺血的血管重建术分析

目的总结腘动脉水平动脉闭塞血运重建术治疗的临床疗效。方法对2001年7月至2005年8月56例累及腘动脉及腘动脉以下三分支病变重建肢体血运进行回顾性分析。根据病变阻塞平面不同,采用不同的血管架桥,对多平面、多节段动脉闭塞采用聚四氟乙烯人工血管和自体静脉桥复合序贯架桥血运重建。结果术后平均随访17个月,移植血管一期通畅率67．3％,二期通畅率78．8％。结论复合序贯搭桥术治疗累及股浅-腘动脉水平以下多节段（平面）动脉闭塞症是一种较实用的方法,可有效解决自体血管不足和单纯使用人工血管腘动脉以下血管重建通畅率差的问题。     

Distal polytetrafluoroethylene bypasses in patients older than 75 years

HYPOTHESIS: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) alone is justified for infrapopliteal arterial grafting in elderly patients with critical ischemia of the lower limbs who lack a suitable, autogenous saphenous vein. DESIGN: A consecutive sample clinical study with a mean follow-up of 16 months. SETTING: The surgical department of an academic tertiary care center and an affiliated secondary care center. PATIENTS: Thirty-one patients older than 75 years with critical ischemia of the lower limbs received 34 PTFE bypass grafts to the infrapopliteal arteries: 12 patients to the anterior tibial, 8 to the peroneal, 8 to the posterior tibial, and 2 to the dorsalis pedis artery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cumulative survival, primary graft patency, and limb salvage rates expressed by standard life-table analysis. RESULTS: Operative mortality rate was 3%. Cumulative survival rate was 80% at 2 years (SE, 9.2%) and 43% at 3 years (SE, 11.4%). Cumulative primary patency rate was 67% at 2 years (SE 9.1%), and 61% at 3 years (SE, 12.7%). Cumulative limb salvage rate was 77% at 2 years (SE, 8.7%) and 70% at 3 years (SE, 12.8%). CONCLUSION: Polytetrafluoroethylene alone is justified as graft material for infrapopliteal bypass grafts in elderly patients with critical ischemia of the lower limbs and without a suitable autogenous saphenous vein.     

腘以远动脉闭塞所致下肢严重缺血的血供重建

目的 评价腘以远动脉闭塞所致下肢严重缺血(critical limb ischemia,CLI)的血供重建.方法 回顾性分析2003年12月至2009年1月,腘以远动脉闭塞所致CLI行经皮血管腔内成形(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)和开放性重建(open reconstruction,OR)术的患者,详细记录患者的病史、病变特点、手术过程、并发症和随访信息.采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析重建血管通畅率和救肢率.结果 本组腘以远动脉闭塞所致CLI患者共167例,182条患肢.123条动脉硬化闭塞(arterios-clerosis occlusions,ASO)的患肢行腘以远动脉PTA治疗,33条血栓闭塞性脉管炎(thromboangiitis obliterans,TAO)和23条ASO患肢行腘以远动脉OR手术.PTA再管化通道6、12、24个月的通畅率分别是67%、54%和49%,其救肢率分别是91%、85%和78%,OR术后移植物6、12、24个月的通畅率分别是90%、83%和79%,其救肢率分别是92%、87%和80%,PTA重建血管的通畅率低于开放性手术(P＜0.05),但PTA和OR术的救肢率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对腘以远动脉ASO的CLI患者,PTA有效、安全,可作为首选治疗方式.PTA治疗失败可选择OR术.对TAO患者腘以远动脉闭塞者OR术仍是最好的治疗选择.

Abstract：

Objective To assess reconstructive options for critical limb ischaemia in infrapopliteal arteries. Methods A retrospective review of all CLI patients who underwent infrapopliteal reconstruction was carried out. Patient history, demographics, procedure details, complications, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed. Patency, limb salvage rate was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results During the period (from December 2003 to January 2008 ), 123 CLI patients with arteriosclerosis occlusions were treated on an intention-to-treat basis with infrapopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).Thirty-three thromboangiitis obliterans and twenty-three arteriosclerosis occlusions suffering CLI were treated by infrapopliteal bypass procedures. Primary patency and limb salvage rate of infrapopliteal PTA at 6, 12 and 24 months was 67%, 54%, 49% and 91%, 85%, 78% respectively, Primary patency and limb salvage rate of infrapopliteal surgical bypass at 6, 12 and 24 months was 90%, 83%, 79% and 92%,87%, 80% respectively, the patency of infrapopliteal PTA was lower than infrapopliteal surgical bypass (P ＜0. 01 ), but the limb salvage rate of infrapopliteal PTA and open surgery was no significant difference (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Endovascular treatment (PTA) in patients with infrapopliteal arteriosclerosis occlusions and critical ischaemia is safe, effective. Infrapopliteal PTA can be used as the choice of therapy and surgical bypass reserved in those endovascular treatment failed. While in CLI patients with thromboangiitis obliterans infrapopliteal artery bypass remains the best treatment option.