HEAT-CLEARING DRUGS—Selected from A Practical English-Chinese Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine

HEAT-CLEARING ANDBLOOD-COOLING DRUGSMost drugs of this type are bitter,sweet,salty,and cold.They have the effectsof dispelling pathogenic heat from the yingand blood systems,and are chiefly indicatedfor epidemic febrile diseases with thepathogenic heat already in the ying and     

PURGATIVE DRUGS——Selected from A Practical English—Chinese Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Drugs which can induce diarrhea andpromote laxation of the bowels are definedas purgative or purgativest drugs.Purgative drugs have the effects of re-laxing the bowels,clearing away heat,purg-ing fire,dispelling retained fluid and re-ducing edema.They are indicated for interi-or syndromes of excess type marked by drystool,constipation,food stagnation,accu-mulation of heat of excess type in the interi-or,edema and fluid retention.Purgative drugs are divided into three     

HEAT-CLEARING DRUGS—Selected from A Practical English—Chinese Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Drugs used for clearing away the inter-nal heat are called heat-clearing drugs.Heat-clearing drugs are cool or cold inproperty with the effects of clearing awayheat,purging fire,removing heat from theblood,detoxicating,and clearing away heatof the deficiency type.They are chiefly indi-cated for febrile diseases with high fever,dys-entery of the heat type,suppurative infec-     

DRUGS FOR CLEARING HEAT OF DEFICIENCY TYPE——Selected from A Practical English—Chinese Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine

DRUGS FOR CLEARING HEATOF DEFICIENCY TYPEThis type of drugs have the effect ofclearing heat away from the blood andcleansing heat of deficiency type.They areprincipally indicated for hectic or tidal feverdue to yin deficiency,feverish sensation inthe palms and soles,or nocturnal and linger-ing low-grade fever.These drugs are often     

HEAT-CLEARING DRUGS——Selected from A Practical English-Chinese Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine

HEAT-CLEARING ANDDETOXICATING DRUGSThis type of drugs have the actions ofclearing away pathogenic fire and heat andsubduing pyogenic infections.They aremainly indicated in syndromes caused bynoxious heat,such as epidemie febrile dis-     

THE CHARACTERS AND FUNCTIONS OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE DRUGS——Selected from A Practical English——Chinese Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine

THE PROCESSING ANDAPPLICATION OF DRUGSDrug processing is the process of treat-ing natural drugs in accordance with thetherapeutical,dispensing andpharmaceutical requirements before they areused or further made into various prepara-tions.All the traditional Chinses drugs must     

DRUGS FOR RESOLVING HEAT-PHLEGM——Selected from A Practical English-Chinese Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Most drugs of this kind are cold inproperty and have the effects of resolvingheat-phlegm.They are indicated for cough,thick and yellow sputum,difficulty inexpectoration,epilepsy,convulsions,scrofula,and multiple or metastatic ab-scesses,and are often combined withheat-clearing drugs.     

THE CHARACTERS AND FUNCTIONS OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE DRUGS——Selected from A Practical English-Chinese Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Each drug has its own specific charac-ters.In traditional Chinese medicine,the dif-ferent characters of drugs are employed totreat diseases,rectify the hyperativity orhypoactivity of yin or yang,and help thebody restore its normal physiological func-tions,consequently curing the diseases andrestoring health.The various characters andfunctions of the drugs concerning medicaltreatment include drugs′ properties,     

Screening of Epstein—Barr Virus Early Antigen Expression Inducers from Chinese Medicinal Herbs and Plants

Ethern extracts of 1693 Chinese medicinal herbs and plants from 268 families were studied for the induction of Epstein-Barr viral(EVB)early antigen(EA)expression in the Raji cell line.Fifty-two from 18 families were found to have inducing activity.Twenty-five and seven of them were from Euphorbiaceae and Thymelaeaceae,respactively.Some of them,such as Croton tiglium,Euphorbia kansui,Daphne genkwa,Wikstroemia chamaedaphen,Wikstroemia indica,Prunus mandshurica Koehne and Achyranthes bidentata are commonly used drugs.The significance of these herbs in the activation of EBV in vivo and their relation to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were discussed.     

THE EARLIEST MONOGRAPH ON PHARMACEUTICS IN CHINA

Many Chinese traditional drugs are crudepreparations,taken from plant or animal partsor simply minerals.Some of them are too vio-lent in action for direct use.Some are suscepti-ble to deterioration and cannot be safely storedfor long.And some are mingled with‘impuri-ties’which would produce side effects if notremoved.For many drugs,the functions of theirprocessed forms are quite different from those oftheir crude forms.As a result,processing is of     

Progress of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine in Treating Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Caused Infertility

Polycystic ovarian syndrome （PCOS） is one of the most popular diseases that cause menstrual dysfunction and infertility in women. The present paper is a brief retrospection on the progress in treatment of PCOS caused infertility with integrative Chinese and Western medicine （ICWM）. It can be seen from these materials that using traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） recipes formulated by Shen-replenishing herbs or acupuncture to reinforce Gan-Shen, regulate Chong-Ren Channels in treating PCOS, stable clinical efficacy could be obtained, with less adverse reaction, though the effect initiated somewhat late. Whereas, when Shen-replenishing recipe and acupuncture are combined with hormone or ovulation promoting drugs of Western medicine, the above-mentioned shortcomings would be overcome. So, this combined therapy is frequently used in clinical practice.     

Protein found to promote DNA repair, prevent cancer

Background It is uncertain whether genotypes of Candida albicans （C. albicans） are associated with colonizing body locations or variant conditions of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are significant associations between strain genotypes and body sites of infection and to determine the potential pathogenesis of cutaneous candidiasis at multiple locations. Methods A total of 151 strains of C. albicans were isolated from 74 infant patients with cutaneous candidiasis and 61 female patients with vaginal candidiasis. Patients were grouped according to the body sites and underlying conditions of infection. Genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） of the 25S rDNA and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） of ALT repeats digested with EcoRI and Clal. Results Ten genotypes were detected. There were significant differences in genotype frequencies between the two groups. However, we found no clear association between genotypes and the sites of cutaneous infection or the underlying conditions of vaginal candidiasis （VVC）. In addition, strains of C. albicans from multiple cutaneous locations of the same patient had identical genotypes. Conclusions Populations of C. albicans from patients with cutaneous and vaginal candidiasis were genetically different. However, the lack of genetic difference between strains from different body sites with cutaneous infections or from different underlying conditions for VVC suggests no evidence of genotype selection for different skin surfaces or patients with different underlying conditions for VVC.     

Short-term safety and effects of a novel fully bioabsorable poly-L-lactic acid sirolimus-eluting stents in porcine coronary arteries

The role of drug-eluting stent (DES),which prevents acute or subacute recoil and elutes drugs to prevent smooth muscle cell proliferation,is temporary and limited within a few weeks after its implantation.Beyond that,there is no utility or advantages but only limitations just like foreign materials in patients' body.All of these problems can be solved with the use of fully bioabsorbable stent (BAS),which will disappear from the vessel wall after complete degradation and leave a "clean" vessel.Numerous BASs are currently undergoing pre-clinical and clinical trials.1'2 The purpose of the present study was to assess the short-term effects of a novel,fully bioabsorbable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) made in China compared with a metallic durable polymer-coated sirolimus-eluting Cypher stent in healthy porcine coronary arteries.     

Chinese Medicine in Fighting against Covid-19: Role and Inspiration

Covid-19 pandemic has caused hundreds of thousands deaths and millions of infections and continued spreading violently.Although researchers are racing to find or develop effective drugs or vaccines,no drugs from modern medical system have been proven effective and the high mutant rates of the virus may lead it resistant to whatever drugs or vaccines developed following modern drug development procedure.Current evidence has demonstrated impressive healing effects of several Chinese medicines(CMs)for Covid-19,which urges us to reflect on the role of CM in the era of modern medicine.Undoubtedly,CM could be promising resources for developing drug candidates for the treatment of Covid-19 in a way similar to the development of artemisinin.But the theory that builds CM,like the emphasis of driving away exogenous pathogen(virus,etc.)by restoring self-healing capacity rather than killing the pathogen directly from the inside and the'black-box'mode of diagnosing and treating patients,is as important,yet often ignored,an treasure as CM herbs and should be incorporated into modern medicine for future advancement and innovation of medical science.     

Drug Discovery Enters A New Era with Multi-Target Intervention Strategy

In the past century,as medical research has become increasingly precise,it has become clear that the incidence and progression of many diseases involve multiple factors and pathologies;this is particularly true for the degenerative and metabolic diseases facing industrialized societies.At the same time,it becomes increasingly clear that single-target action drugs cannot effectively treat these diseases.Researchers are looking toward the chemical industry as well as traditional herbal medicines to find multi-target interventions. Thus,a new era in drug discovery has begun.Specifically,three approaches have proven effective in seeking multi-target drugs.These are:(1) designing drugs with multiple components;(2) discovering drugs through the study of synergistic compound-compound interactions in medicinal herbs or among chemical drugs and herbal components;and(3) developing drugs to tackle complex multi-component diseases.The authors conclude that there is an increasing need for multi-component remedies to treat the complex chronic diseases afflicting modern populations.Given this situation and the growing body of evidence that these new approaches are effective, multi-target intervention appears to have great potential for discovering,designing,and developing effective new drugs for today’s diseases.     

Study on Active Principle and Modernization of Chinese Drugs

The people as a whole cannot live for one day without drug, and the requirement of drugs would never come to an end or stay on the same level. Pharmaceutical industry, being of great significance, has become a new and important one in economic growth in the 21st century. Therefore, the modernization of Chinese drugs has also become a hot spot in public opinion in recent years.     

Auditory pre-attentive processing of Chinese tones

Background Chinese tones are considered important in Chinese discrimination. However, the relevant reports on auditory central mechanisms concerning Chinese tones are limited. In this study, mismatch negativity （MMN）, one of the event related potentials （ERP）, was used to investigate pre-attentive processing of Chinese tones, and the differences between the function of oddball MMN and that of control MMN are discussed.
Methods Ten subjects （six men and four women） with normal hearing participated in the study. A sequence was presented to these subjects through a loudspeaker, the sequence included four blocks, a control block and three oddball blocks. The control block was made up of five components （one pure tone and four Chinese tones） with equiprobability. The oddball blocks were made up of two components, one was a standard stimulus （tone 1） and the other was a deviant stimulus （tone 2 or tone 3 or tone 4）. Electroencephalogram （EEG） data were recorded when the sequence was presented and MMNs were obtained from the analysis of the EEG data.
Results Two kinds of MMNs were obtained, oddball MMN and control MMN. Oddball MMN was obtained by subtracting the ERP elicited by standard stimulation （tone 1） from that elicited by deviant stimulation （tone 2 or tone 3 or tone 4） in the oddball block; control MMN was obtained by subtracting the ERP elicited by the tone in control block, which was the same tone as the deviant stimulation in the oddball block, from the ERP elicited by deviant stimulation （tone 2 or tone 3 or tone 4） in the oddball block. There were two negative waves in oddball MMN, one appeared around 150 ms （oddball MMN 1）, the other around 300 ms （oddball MMN 2）. Only one negative wave appeared around 300 ms in control MMN, which was corresponding to the oddball MMN 2. We performed the statistical analyses in each paradigm for latencies and amplitudes for oddball MMN 2 in discriminating the three Chinese tones and reported no significant differences. But     

DRUGS FOR RELIEVING COUGH AND ASTHMA——Selected from A Practical English——Chinese Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Drugs of this category have the effectsof nourishing the lung to relieve cough andlowering the adverse flow of q(?) to relieveasthma.They are indicated for syndrome ofcough and dyspnea which is very complicat-ed and may be manifested as cough withoutsputum,cough with watery thin sputum orwith yellow thick sputum,cough withdyspnea due to affection by exopathogens,or cough with dyspnea due to consumptivediseases.Appropriate drugs should be chos-en with regard to the different syndromes,     

从"乐活"角度用音乐和食物疗法改善"未病"症状

It has been known that music therapy is considered geatly useful for people with a lot of diseases or disorders in body or mind called mibyou.In a modern society, since there are uncomfortable stresses caused by external stimuli with worse influences on body physiological and psychological functions in human,it is of great importance to find out an easy and effective methods to reduce such stresses and anxiety in maintaining healthy state.In particular,as it is a big problem that type-1 allergy such as hay fever(pollinosis)or disorders related to human life style are increasing recently in the developed countries,I have long focused on the music therapy as well as food therapy that will be useful in improving mibyou state.Here,the aim of my presentation is to explain or talk about the effectiveness of music therapy and food therapy in improving mibyou from viewpoints of LOHAS (Lifestyle Of Health And Sustainability).     

Mechanism of action of natural products used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a metabolic disorder caused by insufficient or inefficient insulin secretary response and it is characterized by increased blood glucose levels(hyperglycemia).DM is a heterogonous group of syndromes.Glucose is the main energy source for the body,and in the case of DM,management of glucose becomes irregular.There are three key defects in the onset of hyperglycemia in DM,namely increased hepatic glucose production,diminished insulin secretion, and impaired insulin action.Conventional drugs treat diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity,increasing insulin production and/or decreasing the amount of glucose in blood.This article provides a comprehensive review of the mode of action of most popular hypoglycemic herbs,such as ginseng,bitter melon,fenugreek,banaba, Gymnema sylvestre and Coptis chinensis.The herbs act by increasing insulin secretion,enhancing glucose uptake by adipose and skeletal muscle tissues,inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption and inhibiting hepatic glucose production.Although evidence from animals and humans consistently supports the therapeutic effect of these phytomedicines,multicenter large-scale clinical trials have not been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these herbal medicines and their interaction with conventional drugs when administered simultaneously.