共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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对于大厚度焊接试件的超声衍射时差法检测(time of flight diffraction, TOFD),常规超声激励难以同时满足信噪比、检测距离以及检测分辨率的要求.文中将线性调频脉冲压缩技术应用在超声TOFD检测中,线性调频(linear frequency modulated, LFM)激励可综合改善检测信噪比(signal to noise ratio, SNR)与分辨率.首先对试验用10 MHz超声换能器进行了LFM信号参数测试,选择了合适的时宽和带宽.对埋藏3 mm高的横槽缺陷的钢板分别进行了超声LFM激励的TOFD检测及常规超声TOFD检测,对比发现超声LFM激励的TOFD检测精度高达0.01μs,可准确区分缺陷上下端衍射波.在较低的激励电压和系统增益下,实现了较高的检测信噪比及分辨率. 相似文献
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混凝土的超声检测中,由于混凝土材料的非均质结构而造成的结构噪声是影响超声检测效果的重要因素之一。为了进一步提高超声检测信号的信噪比,提出应用具有良好的自相关特性以及噪声抑制优势的巴克码信号作为激励信号。设计和建立混凝土结构模型,进行仿真测试及检测结果的成像处理与分析,将本研究所提方法的成像结果与常规高斯脉冲反射法的成像结果进行对比。结果表明,通过对检测信号的脉冲压缩处理以及旁瓣抑制处理,有效压缩了脉冲宽度,提高了检测信号的时空分辨率,从而增强成像结果的信噪比;采用本研究方法处理后的成像结果信噪比提高了8.3 dB,成像质量明显提升。 相似文献
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焊接过程的复杂性与对象的多样性对焊缝视觉识别与跟踪提出了较高要求,依靠单一特征难以保证识别算法的稳定性与可靠性.文中提出了基于置信度加权的信息融合方法,对获得的不同光照条件下的同视场图像分别进行结构光条形状特征与灰度特征的提取,并分别根据两者的结果进行焊缝边缘的识别,将结果表示为位置的概率密度与置信度的形式,采用置信度加权的方法对概率密度进行叠加,得到融合结果,并针对算例进行了融合算法的验证.结果表明,算法能够实现稳定准确的焊缝边缘识别. 相似文献
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对Nd:YAG激光束与Al合金相互作用产生的光学信号进行了研究,并开发了一套可对光信号进行提取和分析的检测系统.在同一条焊缝上焊接速度保持恒定,使激光功率线性增加,检测激光焊接过程中从焊缝表面刚开始熔化到全熔透的整个过程的光学信号.利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜确定焊缝横截面的特征量.试验结果表明,焊缝横截面的特征量同光学信号具有较好的匹配关系.为激光焊接过程中的通过光学信号对焊缝成形的在线控制奠定基础.此外本文对表面熔透、表面反射率和熔池曲率对光信号的影响作了解释和分析. 相似文献
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针对目前角焊缝外形检测方法中存在的缺点,提出了一种基于编码结构光的角焊缝外形尺寸检测方法,采用安装在机器人手臂末端的投影结构光视觉传感机构对焊缝进行测量.投影仪在测量位置向焊缝投射一幅伪随机编码彩色条纹图像与一幅用于彩色补偿的空白图像,通过彩色补偿消除焊缝表面彩色纹理信息对结构光解码的干扰,将补偿后的变形条纹图像恢复出焊缝表面三维数据,并通过几何关系计算出角焊缝的焊缝宽度、焊脚长度等尺寸参数.结果表明,基于编码结构光的角焊缝视觉检测方法能够实现角焊缝外形尺寸的非接触式高速测量,并且测量稳定性好,测量可靠度高,在焊缝视觉检测领域将会成为一种十分有效的方法. 相似文献
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焊接过程中焊接区域亮度范围大,而且随机变化,导致采集的焊缝区域图像干扰大,特征难以提取.文中利用激光条纹良好的方向特性,以及图像中结构光与熔池的亮度特征,提出一种基于视觉注意的焊接区域清晰图像获取方法.针对采集的焊缝区域图像,首先获取在不同检测方向下结构光条纹的单方向特征图,再进行加权融合得到多方向特征图.其次,利用高通巴特沃斯滤波器对原始图像加强,获取亮度特征图.接着提出一种改进的显著性度量方法实现了显著性区域与复杂背景图像区域的较好分割.最后,通过图像融合归一化得出结构光与熔池的清晰图像,并采用聚类中心距离客观评价了图像显著性检测效果.结果表明,试验结果显示提出的方法是有效的. 相似文献
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Pulse-compression infrared thermography is an emerging nondestructive testing and evaluation technique. An analysis of the main issues hampering the full exploitation of this technique is presented from both theoretical and experimental point of view and various strategies are introduced to overcome these problems and optimize the defect detection performance. A comparison between conventional pulse-compression thermography procedures and the proposed one is reported, using an LED modulated with a Barker sequence as coded excitation, and a carbon fibre composite benchmark sample containing artificial defects at different depths. The experimental results show that the suggested signal processing procedure assures a higher SNR and hence an improved defect detection capability. In addition, a time-analysis of such signals allows the correlation between the depth of defects and heat diffusion time to be more clearly identified. 相似文献
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《中国焊接》2021,(1)
The application of ultrasonic vibration in the welding process can effectively suppress the pore defects of the weld. The different ultrasonic application methods own different effects on the weld pore. In this paper, the ultrasonic frequency vibration in the weld pool is excited by the coupling of the ultrasonic frequency electrical signal and the welding electrical signal. The influence of ultrasonic excitation voltage and excitation frequency on porosity, number, location, and size of pore in weld was investigated. The results show that the variation of ultrasonic excitation voltage and frequency has a direct influence on the pore distribution. The pore defects can be decreased by the coupling of ultrasonic frequency electrical signal with reasonable parameters or increased by the coupling of ultrasonic frequency electrical signal with unreasonable parameters. The ultrasonic excitation frequency is fixed at 30 kHz and the ultrasonic excitation voltage is changed.The porosity of the weld is close to that of the weld without ultrasonic action when the ultrasonic excitation voltage is 25 V and 75 V. The porosity of the weld is significantly lower than that of the weld without ultrasonic action when the ultrasonic excitation voltage is 50 V and100 V. The ultrasonic excitation voltage is fixed at 100 V and the ultrasonic excitation frequency is changed. The porosity of the weld is the largest and exceeds that of the weld without ultrasonic action when the ultrasonic excitation frequency is 20 kHz. The porosity of the weld is lower than that of the weld without ultrasonic action when the ultrasonic excitation frequency is 25, 30, 35, and 40 kHz. The pores were mainly concentrated on the upper part of the weld and the number of pores of small size increased significantly after the coupling of an ultrasonic frequency electrical signal, indicating that ultrasonic promoted the rise and escape of bubbles in the weld pool. 相似文献
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针对阀控液压对称执行机构频率响应数据模型辨识问题,提出了一种功率谱估计闭环间接辨识方法,并分析了传感器分辨率、信号数据长度、窗函数、数据分段对辨识精度的影响。该方法首先使用改进的扫频信号对阀控液压对称执行机构进行扫频测试,然后对数据进行功率谱估计闭环间接辨识得到液压执行机构开环频率特性,最后对各种因素对辨识精度的影响进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明:使用功率谱估计进行参数辨识时,传感器分辨率和精度越高、激励数据越长,使用hamming窗函数、2分段数据进行辨识信号前处理可得到更高的参数辨识精度。 相似文献
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通过调节焊接电源的多组脉冲波形参数进行一系列焊接试验,对比并分析了脉冲电流峰值系数、脉冲电流峰值时间系数、脉冲电流基值系数、脉冲电流上升系数和脉冲电流下降系数发生改变后焊接电流信号的变化情况.采用集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition, EEMD)方法对焊接过程中实时采集到的焊接电流信号进行分解,并对焊接电流信号和一系列本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function, IMF)进行时频域分析.随后,根据分析结果和焊缝表面形貌对焊接过程稳定性进行评估.结果表明,使用EEMD方法能够从焊接电流信号中分解出与短路过渡过程密切相关的特征IMF,稳定的焊接过程与不稳定的焊接过程相比,其特征IMF频谱分布区别明显,特征IMF频率分布范围越窄,焊接过程越稳定性,焊接飞溅越小,焊缝表面成形越好. 相似文献
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This paper deals with the combination of several techniques to improve the ultrasonic pulse echo testing of concrete elements when a laser doppler interferometer is used as the ultrasonic receiver. This techniques involves specially designed ultrasonic probes, a pulse compression technique, random speckle modulation and space time signal processing methods. The pulse echo technique is carried out by sending frequency modulated chirp signals and performing a cross-correlation between the received and the transmitted signals. In combination with the application of recently available ultrasonic concrete probes as transmitter, this leads to an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio. A laser doppler interferometer, equipped with a random speckle modulator, is used as detector of the ultrasound. Finally, the data sets are processed with various methods, involving time signals of several space points. Examples are the space averaging and the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). The advantage of the suggested technique is demonstrated by practical measurements on a test specimen. The improvement in results as compared to standard laser interferometric measurements will increase the feasibility of laser interferometric detection for non-destructive testing in civil engineering. 相似文献