直肠癌机器人手术与腹腔镜手术的肿瘤学和功能学结果比较

直肠癌腹腔镜手术的环周切缘阳性率较高,近年来发展起来的机器人手术有望改善患者的预后。为比较机器人手术与腹腔镜手术的治疗效果,D’Annibale A等遵循全直肠系膜切除（TME）原则对100例直肠癌患者施行了微创前切除术,其中50例患者行机器人全直肠系膜切除术（R—TME）,另50例行腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术（L—TME）。     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术治疗直肠癌短期疗效及并发症的临床研究(附32例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术(TME)治疗直肠癌的短期临床疗效及并发症的预防。方法:回顾分析2001年至2004年行腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术的直肠癌32例临床资料。结果:除1例外均在腹腔镜下完成手术,保肛率为90.6％,总并发症发生率为21.8％,局部复发率为6.2％,无手术死亡、术后肝转移及远处转移。平均术后胃肠功能恢复时间1.5d,平均住院时间12.4d。结论:腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术治疗直肠癌的短期临床疗效可靠。严格掌握手术适应证、中转开腹指征及TME手术原则,提高腹腔镜技术水平是降低并发症发生率,提高短期手术疗效的关键。     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除治疗直肠癌257例疗效分析

目的 对比分析腹腔镜和开腹全直肠系膜切除术后直肠癌患者的远期预后.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,收集2000年至2003年接受腹腔镜和开腹全直肠系膜切除术(TME)的患者(共257例)的随访资料,对比分析两组患者的局部复发率、远处转移、生存率的差别:结果 腹腔镜组和开腹组的局部复发率分别为:16.8%和17.3%;远处转移率分别为15.2%和17.9%;3年累积生存率为79.7%和62.8%.结论 腹腔镜手术应用于直肠癌的外科治疗是安全可行的,其长期疗效与开腹手术效果相当.     

腹腔镜直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术90列报告

目的 评价腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析2007年4月至2012年4月90例腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术患者的临床资料.结果 82例用腹腔镜完成手术,手术时间180 ～ 260 min,平均205 min,术中平均出血150 ml,清除淋巴结总数平均为15个.术后均无严重并发症发生,随访1～4年,无肿瘤复发,穿刺部位及造瘘口均无肿瘤种植.结论 腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术具有较高的实用价值,在严格掌握手术适应证、不断提高手术技巧的基础上,腹腔镜直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术是可行的.     

直肠癌腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术对排尿功能的影响研究

目的:评价直肠癌腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术(TME)对患者排尿功能的影响。方法:对168例全直肠系膜切除术患者进行回顾性分析,其中112例行腹腔镜手术(腹腔镜组),56例行开腹手术(开腹组),通过术后留置导尿时间、术后30 d内尿潴留发生率、术后第7至10天尿流动力学指标以及术后3个月国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)来评价患者排尿功能。结果:两组患者术前一般资料具有可比性。腹腔镜组术后平均留置导尿时间短于开腹组(P0.05)。尿流动力学指标检测显示,腹腔镜组最大尿流率和最大逼尿肌收缩压均高于开腹组(均P0.05),排尿量两组无明显差异(P0.05),腹腔镜组膀胱残余尿量少于开腹组(P0.05)。两组术后3个月IPSS评分无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:掌握术中操作要点,腹腔镜TME对术后短期排尿功能的影响明显小于开腹手术。     

腹腔镜同时性多原发结直肠癌根治术

同时性多原发结直肠癌(SCC)临床较少见,其发病率呈上升趋势,目前无固定外科手术模式,需根据肿瘤的位置、范围、间距及患者的综合情况等决定.全直肠系膜切除术(TME)及完整结肠系膜切除术(CME)已被公认为是直肠癌及结肠癌的标准化手术方式.2010年8月至2013年5月惠州市第一人民医院运用腹腔镜技术结合TME及CME手术技术,开展了3例腹腔镜SCC根治术,总结出默契的团队配合、精准的手术平面把握、熟练的血管裸化技术及完整的结直肠系膜切除是手术成功的保障,腹腔镜SCC根治术安全可行.     

腹腔镜辅助经肛门全直肠系膜切除术治疗中低位直肠癌的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助经肛门全直肠系膜切除术治疗中低位直肠癌的临床价值.方法:选取2018年5月至2019年3月为5例中低位直肠癌患者行腹腔镜辅助经肛门全直肠系膜切除术的相关临床资料.结果:5例均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹,2例行预防性回肠外置,手术时间平均(302.20±51.72)min,术中出血量(102.35±20...     

机器人辅助与腹腔镜下低位直肠癌手术短期结果的配对分析

为比较低位直肠癌患者机器人辅助的(RAP)与腹腔镜下的(LAP)全直肠系膜切除术(TME)的短期结果及手术质量,Park JS、Choi GS、Lim KH等对2007年12月至2009年6月期间的123例低位直肠癌患者进行了1∶2配对分析,其中41例接受机器人辅助的TME(RAP组),82例接受常规腹腔镜下TME(LAP组)。结果发现:2组术后开始常规饮食的时间、住院时     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术保肛治疗低位直肠癌

目的:探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)行低位(超低位)直肠癌保肛治疗的方法与可行性。方法:按TME原则,用双吻合器技术在腹腔镜下对26例低位(超低位)直肠癌患者实行TME低位(超低位)结肠-直肠(肛管)吻合术。结果:手术均获成功,无中转开腹,手术时间180-240min,平均210min;术中出血30-100ml,平均70ml;术后2d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动;住院7-14d,平均8d,无严重并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜TME低位(超低位)吻合术保肛治疗低位直肠癌具有创伤小、并发症少、出血少、肠功能恢复快等优点,安全可行。     

单吻合器法腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术的临床应用研究

目的:探讨直肠癌患者行免切割闭合器单吻合器法腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)的可行性及临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2009年1月至2011年12月为9例直肠癌患者使用免切割闭合器单吻合器法行腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术的临床资料。结果:9例均顺利完成腹腔镜手术,无一例中转开腹及脏器损伤。术中、术后病理检查提示残端无肿瘤细胞残留。手术时间180～305 min,平均(243.9±43.4)min;术中出血量30～100 ml,平均(51.1±20.0)ml;淋巴结清扫数量5～12枚,平均(7.9±2.7)枚;术后住院10～17 d,平均(13.4±1.9)d;胃肠功能恢复时间平均(44.0±12.3)h,无吻合口漏及吻合口出血。术后随访3～20个月,无局部复发及远处转移。结论:免切割闭合器单吻合器法行腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术治疗早中期直肠癌是安全、可行的,可降低医疗费用。     

保留盆腔自主神经的腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术治疗男性中低位直肠癌

为探讨保留盆腔自主神经的腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术（TME）治疗男性中低位直肠癌的可行性和手术路径,回顾分析42例腹腔镜下行保留盆腔自主神经的TME的男性中低位直肠癌患者资料。结果显示,全组无中转开腹,手术时间120～285min,平均（217．1±53．9）min;出血量5～550ml,中位数65（32～100）ml。切除淋巴结2～38枚,平均（12．0±5．0）枚。肛门排气时间为1～7d,平均（3．3±0．9）d。可下地行走时间为2～4d,平均（2．5±0．4）d。术后住院时间为8～54d,平均（14．9±6．1）d。术后并发症总发生率为28．6％。随访6～42个月,中位随访时间为20（16．3～31．8）个月,随访率92．9％（39／42）。全组除5例出现短期（1个月内）尿潴留外,均无远期排尿功能障碍;2例出现射精功能障碍,1例出现勃起功能障碍。全组无手术死亡病例,1例出现骨转移,现带瘤生存。结果表明,保留盆腔自主神经的腹腔镜TME治疗男性中低位直肠癌在技术上是安全可行的,且具有视野清楚、准确解剖定位的优势。     

Laparoscopic sphincter-preserving total mesorectal excision with colonic J-pouch reconstruction: five-year results

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the oncologic and functional outcomes of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) with colonic J-pouch reconstruction. BACKGROUND: TME is considered the established gold standard in rectal cancer surgery. However, data on laparoscopic sphincter-preserving TME are limited. METHODS: Patients with mid or low rectal cancer underwent laparoscopic TME with colonic J-pouch reconstruction by a single surgical team. Clinical and oncologic data were prospectively recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: From March 1999 to September 2004, 105 patients underwent laparoscopic TME with colonic J-pouch reconstruction. The mean operating time was 170.4 minutes and mean blood loss was 91.5 mL. The mean anastomotic distance from the anal verge was 3.9 cm. Conversion was required in 2 cases. The mean circumferential and distal margins were 17.1 mm and 3.4 cm, respectively. There was 1 case of microscopic circumferential margin involvement and 1 case of microscopic distal margin involvement. There was no 30-day mortality, and 6 patients underwent reoperation for major complications. There was no port-site metastasis. The mean follow-up time was 26.9 months (range, 1.3-65.6 months). The actuarial 5-year cancer-specific survival and local recurrence rates were 81.3% and 8.9%, respectively. Erectile dysfunction occurred in 13.6% of males, while 2 patients developed incomplete bladder denervation. Bowel function after ileostomy closure was satisfactory, with an average bowel motion of less than 3 times per day at 2 years after ileostomy closure. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic TME with colonic J-pouch reconstruction is a safe procedure with reasonable operating time and does not appear to pose any threat to the oncologic and functional outcomes.     

腹腔镜辅助TME直肠癌根治性切除前路吻合术:附42例报告

目的：探讨腹腔镜辅助全直肠系膜切除在直肠癌根治中的效果和方法。方法：对42例腹腔镜辅助全直肠系膜切除直肠癌根治前路吻合术的临床资料进行分析总结。结果：手术均经腔镜完成TME及保肛手术,术中直肠远端使用反复闭合器闭合,前路吻合采用吻合器完成。手术时间170~230 min,平均195 min。术中出血10~30 mL,平均15 mL。术后肠功能恢复平均时间32 h。1例术后并发排尿困难,1例术中并发皮下气肿。无切口感染,无吻合口漏。结论：腔镜辅助行TME直肠癌根治性切除前路吻合术是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除保肛治疗低位直肠癌

目的：探索腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除（TME）低位、超低位前切除治疗低位直肠癌的可行性。方法：按TME原则、用双钉合技术（DST）,在腹腔镜下对62例低位直肠癌患者实施TME、DST低位、超低位结肠-肛肠吻合术。结果：手术时间11-210min,平均125min;术中出血5-80ml,平均20ml;术后1-2d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动,住院时间5-14d,平均8d。1例患者因凝血障碍中转开腹,其他61例患者手术顺利。术后疼痛剂应用28例,除1例吻合口漏、1例尿潴留外,其余患者未见术中及术后并发症。结论：腹腔镜TME、低位、超低位吻合术治疗低位直肠癌,创伤小、保肛率高、术后疼痛轻、恢复快,是极具应用前景的微创新技术。     

腹腔镜下全直肠系膜加经内外括约肌间切除用于超低位直肠癌保肛手术

目的:探讨腹腔镜下全直肠系膜加经内外括约肌间切除术治疗超低位直肠癌的可行性及优势。方法:回顾分析2004年11月至2005年11月7例腹腔镜下全直肠系膜加经内外括约肌间切除治疗超低位直肠癌的临床资料。结果:本组7例术中出血量30~80m l,手术时间3.5~5h,无术中死亡病例,术后持续胃肠减压24h,术后24~48h开始饮食,术后3d拔除尿管下床活动,术后1~2d开始排便。术后住院7~10d。随访3~6个月,无局部复发。结论:腹腔镜下按全直肠系膜切除术(TME)要求游离直肠至盆底耻骨直肠肌水平,经肛门于齿状线水平切断直肠,再经肛门手工行结肠-肛管吻合的方法治疗超低位直肠癌,能够保证完整切除直肠系膜,术中减少出血,住院天数缩短,在降低手术难度、提高保肛率等方面有其优势。患者对本术式的耐受性较好。     

Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision: a consecutive series of 100 patients

OBJECTIVE: To analyze total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer by the laparoscopic approach during a prospective nonrandomized trial. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Improved local control and survival rates in the treatment of rectal cancer have been reported after TME. METHODS: The authors conducted a prospective consecutive series of 100 laparoscopic TMEs for low and mid-rectal tumors. All patients had a sphincter-saving procedure. Case selection, surgical technique, and clinical and oncologic results were reviewed. RESULTS: The distal limit of rectal neoplasm was on average 6.1 (range 3-12) cm from the anal verge. The mean operative time was 250 (range 110-540) minutes. The conversion rate was 12%. Excluding the patient who stayed 104 days after a severe fistula and reoperation, the mean postoperative stay was 12.05 (range 5-53) days. The 30-day mortality was 2% and the overall postoperative morbidity was 36%, including 17 anastomotic leaks. Of 87 malignant cases, 70 (80.4%) had a minimum follow-up of 12 months, with a median follow-up of 45.7 (range 12-72) months. During this period 18.5% (13/70) died of cancer and 8.5% (6/70) are alive with metastatic disease. The port-site metastasis rate was 1.4% (1/70): a rectal cancer stage IV presented with a parietal recurrence at 17 months after surgery. The locoregional pelvic recurrence rate was 4.2% (3/70): three rectal cancers stage III at 19, 13, and 7 postoperative months. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic TME is a feasible but technically demanding procedure (12% conversion rate). This series confirms the safety of the procedure, while oncologic results are at present comparable to the open published series with the limitation of a short follow-up period. Further studies and possibly randomized series will be necessary to evaluate long-term clinical outcome in cancer patients.     

Laparoscopic rectal resection with anal sphincter preservation for rectal cancer

Background Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the surgical gold standard treatment for middle and low third rectal carcinoma. Laparoscopy has gradually become accepted for the treatment of colorectal malignancy after a long period of questions regarding its safety. The purposes of this study were to examine prospectively our experience with laparoscopic TME and high rectal resections, to evaluate the surgical outcomes and oncologic adequacy, and to discuss the role of this procedure in the treatment of rectal cancer. Methods Between December 1992 and December 2004, all patients who underwent elective laparoscopic sphincter preserving rectal resection for rectal cancer were enrolled prospectively in this study. Data collection included preoperative, operative, postoperative and oncologic results with long-term follow-up. Results A total of 218 patients were operated on during the study period: 142 patients underwent laparoscopic TME and 76 patients underwent anterior resection. Of the TME patients, 122 patients were operated using the double-stapling technique, and 20 patients underwent colo-anal anastomosis with hand-sewn sutures. Mean operative time was 138 min (range, 107–205), and mean blood loss was 120 ml (range, 30–350). Conversion to open surgery occurred in 26 cases (12%). Mortality rate during the first 30 days was 1%. Anastomotic leaks were observed in 10.5% of the patients. Of these, 61.9% needed reoperation and diverting stoma, and the rest were treated conservatively. Three patients had postoperative bleeding requiring relaparoscopy. Other minor complications (infection and urinary retention) occurred in 9.1% of patients. Mean ambulation time and mean hospital stay were 1.6 days (range, 1–5) and 6.4 days (range, 3–28) , respectively. Patients were followed for a mean period of 57 months. No port site metastases were observed during follow-up. The recurrence rate was 6.8 %. Overall survival rate was 67% after 5 years and 53.5% after 10 years. Conclusion Laparoscopic anterior resection and TME with anal sphincter preservation for rectal cancer is feasible and safe. The short- and long-term outcomes reported in this series are comparable with those of conventional surgery.     

Laparoscopic resection with intraoperative radiotherapy: a new step in the multimodal treatment of advanced colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND: Local recurrence is one of the most important problems related to resection of rectal cancer in locally advanced cases (T3-T4). Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the mainstay of surgical therapy, although many articles have been published about the availability of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for the control of locally advanced rectal cancers. METHODS: The authors describe six patients affected by advanced rectal cancer (T3N1) whom they treated with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and laparoscopic rectal resection combined with TME and IORT. RESULTS: The operative time did not exceed 6 h in any case with IORT treatment. The procedure itself and the transfer of patients to the radiotherapy room accounted for about 2 h. The postoperative course was uneventful in every case, and all the patients were discharged within the first 8 postoperative days. CONCLUSIONS: This report describes the technical aspect and the feasibility of IORT associated with laparoscopic surgical resection for rectal cancer.