不同LET碳离子对V79细胞辐射敏感性的影响

以中国仓鼠肺V79细胞为材料,利用兰州近代物理研究所重离子研究装置（HIRFL）产生的碳离子,研究了不同线性能量传递（LET）的重离子对体外培养细胞的存活效应,并与γ射线的结果作了比较。结果表明,不同LET碳离子引起细胞失活效应由大到小的顺序依次为125、200、700keV/μm。碳离子表现为无肩区的存活曲线,属单靶单击模型,γ射线表现为有肩区的存活曲线,属多靶单击模型。LET值为125、200、700keV/μm时得到的失活截面分别为35、12、8μm^2。当细胞存活比率为0.1和0.37,在LET为125keV/μm时得到相对生物学效应（RBE）值为1.47和2.19。     

Killing effect of Chinese hamster V79 cells exposed to accelerated carbon ions and RBE determination

Survival curves of Chinese hamster V79 cells exposed to accelerated carbon ions with linear energy transfers of 125.5, 200 and 700keV/μm were measured, respectively. Inactivation cross sections corresponding to the irradiation above were deduced from the V79 cell survival curves. They are 7.86±0.17, 10.44±1.11 and 32.32±3.58μm2 in turn. With the surviving response of V79 cells to 60Co γ-rays as a reference value, relative biological effectiveness at 10%, 20%, 50% and 80% survival levels were given for the accelerated carbon ions. The results showed that carbon ions with LET of 125.5keV/μm had a higher value of RBE at all the four survival levels than the carbon ions with other LETs. It was prompted that the maximum value of RBE for the V79 cell surviving as the biological endpoint emerged at the LET below 200 keV/μm for carbon ions.     

氚的相对生物效应

随着氚在工业、农业、医学、水文和生物学研究中应用愈来愈广泛,氚的相对生物效应(RBE)已受到各国的重视。相对生物效应是指以相同的剂量照射时,一种射线的生物作用对通常X射线作用的比值。RBE值随辐射的线能量传递(LET)而变化,通常能量为200～250keV的X射线在组织中的LET为2.5keV/μ,25keV的软X射线的 LET约为6keV/μ,氚的β射线(平均能量为5.6keV)的LET为 9.3keV/μ,较X射线的LET为大。     

12C6+离子辐照诱发人类肝L02细胞hprt基因突变的研究

本文研究12C6 离子辐照人类肝细胞系L02细胞诱发hprt基因突变与剂量的效应关系,为正确评价重离子对人体正常组织细胞的辐射风险及危害提供基础数据和依据.分别用12C6 离子束(LET为30 keV/μm)和X射线(LET为0.2 keV/μm)对L02细胞进行0～6Gy照射后,用克隆形成法检测细胞的存活分数,另外在含有6-TG的培养基中克隆、筛选hprt突变细胞株,测定突变频率.结果表明:12C6 离子辐照后L02细胞的存活分数明显小于X射线照后.两种射线照射后,每106个存活细胞中突变克隆的个数随照射剂量增大而增大,受照细胞的突变频率也都在1Gy处最大.但相对于X射线,人类肝细胞系L02细胞对高LET重离子辐射更敏感,而且12C6 离子束诱发更多的存活细胞hprt基因突变.     

加速重离子辐射对水稻的生物学效应研究——Ⅰ.加速重离子及~(60)Coγ射线辐照水稻干种子的当代生物学效应

用高传能线密度(LET)的~(56)Fe(190keV/μ)、~(40)Ar(90keV/μ)离子束及低LET的~(60)Coγ射线(0.27keV/μ)照射水稻干种子,对当代幼苗生长、根尖微核细胞率和染色体畸变率的效应,进行了实验分析。结果表明:对比三种辐射源,微核细胞率与染色体畸变率均随处理剂量增加而增加,且呈线性关系。以幼苗的生长半抑制剂量(D_(50))为指标,三种电离辐射(~(56)Fe、~(40)Ar离子束和~(60)Coγ射线)的相对生物学效应(RBE)比值为6.3∶1.9∶1。以微核细胞率为指标,三者的RBE比较值为11∶4∶1。可见高LET的~(56)Fe和~(40)Ar比低LET的~(60)Co有较高的辐射生物学效应,尤其是在诱发细胞核染色体畸变和微核出现方面,高LET离子束有很高的效率。     

重离子照射肿瘤细胞的相对生物学效应值

对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721细胞和黑色素瘤细胞A375细胞,进行80.55MeV 12C6 离子、X射线和γ射线照射,通过克隆存活实验获剂量-存活曲线,以X射线或γ射线为标准,计算重离子的相对生物学效应(Relative biological effectiveness,RBE ).结果显示,两种细胞的重离子RBE值都大于1,且分次照射的RBE大于单次照射.重离子照射SMMC-7721细胞的RBE高于A375细胞,分次照射的差异更明显.重离子具有独特的物理特性及高传能线密度(Line energy transfer,LET)下的强杀伤作用,可有效杀伤不同肿瘤细胞,减弱了细胞间的敏感性差异.临床的分次照射重离子治疗时,细胞的亚致死修复明显降低,可采取较少的照射次数达到杀伤肿瘤的目的,提高肿瘤治疗效率,减轻病人痛苦.     

单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测碳离子束和X射线照射对Lewis肺癌细胞的DNA损伤

比较研究了 89.63 MeV/u 的碳离子束和 6 MeV 的 X 射线照射 Lewis 肺癌细胞所致的细胞克隆存活和DNA 损伤效应,以探讨单细胞凝胶电泳检测细胞辐射敏感性及重离子束治疗肿瘤的优势.结果表明,在 10%细胞存活水平上碳离子束的相对生物学效应(Relative biological effectiveness,RBE)值达到1.77.单细胞凝胶电泳检测损伤 DNA 尾部百分含量(Tail DNA,TD)和Olive尾矩(Olive tail moment,OTM)的剂量效应曲线表明,X射线的剂量效应曲线为线性,而碳离子束诱导出-个包含线性和指数项的双阶段效应曲线.碳离子束辐照剂量大于8 Gy后TD和OTM都存在饱和效应.在2 Cy的剂量点,高传能线密度(LET)碳离子束比X射线产生更低的存活分数和更高的初始 OTM.本研究提示:在Lewis肺癌细胞中,碳离子束照射比x射线产生更为强烈的细胞致死和DNA损伤效应,可使肿瘤治疗具有更高效率.     

基于染色体畸变的细胞存活模型研究

为评估质子和重离子的辐射生物效应,建立了基于染色体畸变的细胞存活机理模型。开发了纳剂量生物物理蒙特卡罗模拟程序（NASIC）的DNA损伤修复模块,用于模拟不同射线类型、不同传能线密度（LET）辐射所致细胞核内染色体畸变产额。在分析辐射所致染色体畸变产额规律的基础上,建立了基于染色体畸变的细胞存活机理模型,并根据细胞存活实验数据拟合模型参数。以V79细胞为例,对于X射线和不同LET的质子,细胞存活分数的模型计算值与实验数据符合得很好,相关系数为0.985 3。采用⁴He离子的实验数据对模型及参数进行了验证,模型计算值与实验数据的相关系数为0.931 1。可见,模型能较好地区分不同射线类型、不同LET辐射在细胞致死效应上的差异。     

中能碳离子束对不同贯穿深度上黑色素瘤B16细胞的辐照存活效应

测量了49．30MeV/u及经脊形过滤器展宽的Bragg峰的74.55MeV/u^12C离子束在不同贯穿深度上辐射后黑色素瘤B16细胞的存活率。结果显示,在以存活为终点的B16细胞生物学效应与碳离子束能量沉积同步增大。即Bragg或展宽的Bragg峰区内细胞存活率远低于离子束入射或出射通道处的细胞存活率。通过实验测量与剂量平均LET结合的线性平方模型理论计算存活曲线的比较,发现在实验测量误差范围内两者符合较好。提示：剂量平均LET结合线性平方模型可能是预测中能重离子束贯穿深度上B16细胞存活效应的一种有效的方法。     

生防菌BJ1离子辐照突变高效菌株筛选及对黄瓜枯萎病的生防效果

枯草芽孢杆菌BJ1是一种在真菌病害防治中发挥重要作用的生防因子,为进一步提高它的抑菌能力,获得生防效果更好的高效菌种,利用不同能量和剂量的12C6+对生防菌BJ1进行了离子辐照处理。研究结果表明:离子辐照生防菌BJ1的最适宜剂量为200~400 Gy,传能线密度(LET)为60 keV/μm;突变菌株的抑菌能力比BJ1提高了2%~21%;不仅防病效果比BJ1提高了17.48%,而且对植物具有更好的促生长作用。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.