GNSS联合全站仪应用于村庄改造的测量方案设计与实施

为配合新农村建设的需要,对上海某地区的村庄改造进行了测量工作。分别对道路、管道和桥梁进行测量方案设计,采用GNSS联合全站仪采集区域内相关地形数据,充分利用两种方法在实际测量中的优势,在满足工程精度要求的基础上,提高了作业效率。     

RTK在公路改造控制测量中的应用

载波相位差分技术是一种实时高效快捷的定位枝术,已在测绘领域得到了广泛的应用。介绍了RTK技术在公路改造控制测量中的应用,结合实际工作中的作业方法与作业模式,总结出在提高控制点精度方面应该注意的一些事项。     

浅谈隧道施工中的测量方法

为了保证隧道的贯通精度,在作业前必须先进行洞内控制测量的设计、精度估算工作。本文详细描述了隧道内平面控制测量和高程控制测量的设计方案,并对相应的精度估计给出了估计公式。最后根据实际作业经验,给出了提高隧道内控制测量精度的几种方法。     

数字地籍测量有关作业流程及精度控制的探讨

本文着重探讨了作业流程这一数字地籍测量的核心内容 ,给出了作业流程框图 ,并就地籍测量的精度问题从理论上进行了深入细致的探讨 ,破除了人们漫无目的地提高仪器精度的片面观念 ,在此基础之上提出了真正能提高和控制外业测量精度的方法。     

基于CORS的网络RTK技术在宅基地确权中的应用

介绍了农村宅基地确权的意义和测量要求,阐述了基于CORS网络RTK技术的作业方法,通过应用实例对该技术的测量精度及可靠性进行了分析,验证了基于CORS的网络RTK技术在农村宅基地确权中的可行性,该方法大大提高了作业效率和成果精度。     

GPS-RTK测量精度的影响因素研究与实验分析

实时动态测量技术（RTK）是GPS技术的一项飞跃。介绍了RTK测量的基本原理与影响RTK测量精度的因素,通过实验对比分析在作业模式中两种点位校正方式对RTK测量精度的影响,在作业过程中采用合适的点位校正方式可以提高RTK作业效率和测量精度。     

两种大面阵航空摄影测量数字相机的误差分析

本文首先介绍航空摄影测量数字相机相对于传统的胶片相机所具有的优点，然后重点分析了市场上最新流行的两种大面阵航空摄影测量数字相机的等效中心投影像片的形成方法及其测量精度。实验分析表明：航空摄影测量数字相机系统用于平坦地区作业时能获得较高的精度，但用于山区作业时，作业精度明显下降，因此在地形起伏较大的地区，若作业精度要求较高，则应谨慎使用这两种数字相机。     

多种近景测量方法在石窟寺调查中的应用

介绍无人机、数码相机、三维激光扫描等近景摄影测量手段在石窟寺调查中的相关测量手段的应用研究,首先对比分析了传统测量手段和现有多种近景摄影测量手段的优缺点,并分别介绍了3种方法的测量技术作业流程、数据处理分析流程和成果精度验证分析等,验证了3种文物立面施测方法在不同环境中作业的可行性与精度等级.     

差分三角高程测量在水利工程勘测中的应用

针对水利水电测量中需要采集大量的地面数据特征点,提出了用差分电磁波测距三角高程测量作业模式,并进行了精度分析,试验表明,该方法可大大提高数据采集的测量精度和工作效率。     

城市轨道交通工程精密施工测量技术的应用与研究

以多年城市轨道交通工程建设的实际测量作业为背景,通过分析、研究与总结,从城市轨道交通工程测量精度设计的主要原则和要求、地面控制测量技术方法、竖井联系测量技术方法、隧道施工控制测量及贯通测量技术方法四个部分,论述轨道交通工程施工测量的精度要求及主要测量的手段和方法.     

Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world

Abstract

Cultures throughout the world are associating with the rivers. People depend upon the rivers and their tributaries for food, water, transport, and many other aspects of their daily lives. Unfortunately, human beings have not calculated the accurate lengths for the great rivers even today. The lengths of the rivers are very different in popular textbooks, magazines, atlases and encyclopedias, etc. To accurately determine the lengths of the principal rivers of the world, the combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions is proposed in this paper. The lengths of the Nile, Amazon, Yangtze, Mississippi, Yellow, Ob, Yenisey, Amur, Congo and Mekong, with lengths over or close to 5000 km, were calculated using the proposed method. The results may represent the most reliable and accurate lengths of the principal rivers of the world that are currently achievable.     

世纪之交的沉思--论21世纪软科学的发展

软科学这一术语是70年代在国外提出的.然而30多年以来,它在国外不仅未得到普遍的承认,而且对软科学的定义也还未能达成大体上一致的共识.而在改革开放后的中国,出于决策科学化和民主化的需要,经过一些领导人的提倡和支持,特别是通过1986年召开的软科学座谈会及1994年召开的全国软科学工作会议,软科学事业得到了蓬勃的发展.据初步统计,截止1998年底全国共有软科学研究机构1224个,研究人员32655人,初步形成了一支较为强大的研究队伍,并取得了数百项覆盖多个领域的研究成果,为支持各级各类的决策发挥了一定的作用.     

Improving the modeling of the atmospheric delay in the data analysis of the Intensive VLBI sessions and the impact on the UT1 estimates

The very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Intensive sessions are typically 1-h and single-baseline VLBI sessions, specifically designed to yield low-latency estimates of UT1-UTC. In this work, we investigate what accuracy is obtained from these sessions and how it can be improved. In particular, we study the modeling of the troposphere in the data analysis. The impact of including external information on the zenith wet delays (ZWD) and tropospheric gradients from GPS or numerical weather prediction models is studied. Additionally, we test estimating tropospheric gradients in the data analysis, which is normally not done. To evaluate the results, we compared the UT1-UTC values from the Intensives to those from simultaneous 24-h VLBI session. Furthermore, we calculated length of day (LOD) estimates using the UT1-UTC values from consecutive Intensives and compared these to the LOD estimated by GPS. We find that there is not much benefit in using external ZWD; however, including external information on the gradients improves the agreement with the reference data. If gradients are estimated in the data analysis, and appropriate constraints are applied, the WRMS difference w.r.t. UT1-UTC from 24-h sessions is reduced by 5% and the WRMS difference w.r.t. the LOD from GPS by up to 12%. The best agreement between Intensives and the reference time series is obtained when using both external gradients from GPS and additionally estimating gradients in the data analysis.     

Movements of the protoplanetary superconducting particles in the magnetic field of the Saturn lead to the origin of the rings

In this letter, we are trying to resolve the electromagnetic problem for the movements of the superconducting particles of the protoplanetary cloud in the magnetic field of Saturn. The force of levitation (Meissner-Ochsenfeld phenomenon) is introduced to the field of planetary science for the first time. It is shown from our theoretical analysis that rings of Saturn might have a superconducting origin, and rings might levitate within magnetic equator plane of the planet.     

省直管市（县）体制下建设用地监管技术研究

面向解决省直体制下市（县）建设用地管理业务监管难度大问题,研究建设用地全过程监管关键技术,设计该模式下的监管模式、技术架构、业务模型和数据模型,实现省直管市（县）模式下的建设用地批前、批中、批后＂批-供-用-补-查-登＂全过程监管。