河流水团示踪试验数据分析的线性回归法

在示踪剂的一级速率常数Ｋ１及河流平均流速Ｖ均未知的条件下，将反映河流示踪试验中示踪浓度变化规律的解析表达式进行适当变化，得到二元线性方程。该方程的自变量和因变量中仅含有原始观测数据，线性常数吟吸Ｋ１、Ｄ和Ｖ三个参数，故在通过最小二乘法求出线性方程中三个常数之后，即可求了三个参数的值。     

河流水团示踪试验数据分析的线性回归法

在示踪剂的一级反应速率常数Ｋ１及河流平均流速Ｖ均未知的条件下，将反映河流示踪试验中示踪浓度变化规律的解析表达式进行适当变化，得到二元线性方程。该方程的自变量和因变量中仅含有原始观测数据，线性常数中含有Ｋ１、Ｄ和Ｖ三个参数，故在通过最小二乘法求出线性方程中三个常数之后，即可求出三个参数的值     

应用非线性回归法分析一维河流水团示踪试验数据

<正> 进行一维河流水团示踪试验的目的之一是为了估算河流纵向弥散系数。由于描述试验河段不同位置在不同时刻示踪剂浓度变化规律的数学表达式是弥散系数的隐函数,故无法由浓度观测数据直接求算出参数,于是人们提出了诸如矩量法,演算法等求参方法。在实际试验工作中,采取示踪剂浓度数据的方式与分析方法有着直接的联系。也就是说,室内分析数据的方法不同决定了野外现场采取数据工作量的大小和计算成果的准确性。例如,矩量法中的     

河流水团示踪试验数据分析新方法

在示踪剂的一级反应速率常数K1及河流平均流速V均为未知的条件下，本文将反映河流示踪试验中示踪浓度变化规律的解析表达式进行适当变化，得到一个二元线性方程。该方程中的自变量和因变量仅含有原始观测数据，三个线性常数中含有K1、D、V三个参数，故在通过最小二乘法求出线性方程中三个常数之后，即可求出三个参数的数值。     

分析河流水团示踪试验数据的改进直线图解法

文中对作者原提出的分析一维河流不团示踪试验数据，确定河流纵向弥散系数Ｄ和河流平均流速煌直线图解法进行了改进。与直线图法相比较，改进方法具有：（１），在示踪剂一级反应速率常数Ｋ１为未知的情况下仍可以应用，进一步拓宽了水团示踪试验的适应范围；（２）在原始数据处理过程中，避免了计算计算浓度的差商值，可能会提高参数计算结果的精度等特点。     

基于正态模糊线性回归确定河流横向扩散系数

为寻求水质污染时河流扩散参数的计算方法,以确定河流横向扩散系数的直线图解法为基础,在模糊数的基础上分析河流水团示踪试验数据,建立正态模糊线性回归模型,通过模糊集的隶属函数计算不同置信水平下河流横向扩散系数和河流平均流速等河流水质参数的取值区间。实际算例验证结果表明,应用正态模糊线性回归模型确定的河流水质参数值与真值非常接近,说明该方法是可行的,并且是可靠、合理的。该方法能够反映河流系统自身的不确定性以及实际中存在的各种不确定因素对其的影响。     

分析二维水动力弥散试验数据的线性回归法

文中将描述瞬时投放示踪剂，一维流动二维地下水弥散过程的解析解进行了适当数学变换，得到一个二元线性回归方程。该方程中的自变量和因变量中仅包含着试验数据，回归系数中包含着待求参数。通过对两个观测孔中的观测数据进行分析，可以得出五个包含待求参数的方程。由这些方程，推导出了计算ａＬ、ａＴ、ｕ、ｎｅ和λ五个参数值的公式。线性回归法的主要优点为在示踪剂不论是否为惰性的情况下均可以应用。     

河流水团示踪试验数据分析的双站直线解析法

本文提出了一种分析瞬时投放示踪剂条件下的一维河流水团示踪试验数据的新方法.该方法利用2个观测断面的示踪剂浓度观测数据,确定河流纵向离散系数、河流断面平均流速与释放参数等水质参数,并能够根据一级反应速率常数的计算结果判断示踪剂是否为惰性.通过实例应用表明,与利用直线图解法确定河流纵向离散系数相比较,新方法不仅能同时分析2个断面的观测数据,能够在预先不知示踪剂是否为惰性的情况下进行判断,而且具有计算结果可靠,计算过程比较简单、易于应用等特点.     

分析河流水团示踪试验数据的改进直线图解法

文中对作者原提出的分析一维河流水团示踪试验数据，确定河流纵向弥散系数Ｄ和河流平均流速的直线图解法进行了改进。与直线图解法相比较，改进方法具有：１）．在示踪剂一级反应速率常数Ｋ１为未知的情况下仍可以应用，进一步拓宽了水团示踪试验的适用范围；２）．在原始数据处理过程中，避免了计算浓度的差商值，可能会提高参数计算结果的精度等特点．     

A multiobjective fuzzy linear programming model for sustainable integrated operation of a multireservoir system

Irrigated agriculture is the largest consumer of water, with high significance in India as the majority of its people depend on it. Rainfall uncertainties, and uneven distribution of utilizable water over space and time, have presented a serious challenge to irrigation water management and crop production. Surface water reservoirs play a major role in supplying irrigation water and also addressing uneven water distribution to some degree. Varying water requirements for different crops under multiple canals, however, requires that planners develop an optimal crop planning for the efficient operation of a multireservoir irrigation system. The spatial and temporal water transfer within a multireservoir irrigation system necessitates integrated operation of all the involved reservoirs. Thus, integrated operation of a multireservoir system is a fundamental requirement for efficient irrigation water management, and also become a key issue for sustainable agricultural development. This study derived an optimal crop plan for the integrated operation of a complex multireservoir system with intrabasin water transfer, using a multiobjective fuzzy linear programming (MOFLP) approach. The MOFLP model resulted in a level of satisfaction of 0.46, with an irrigation intensity of 102.18%, and a total crop area of 149 232.10 ha. The optimal policies were furthermore assessed with various statistical indicators with a simulation model, indicating they are performing well, with high reliability and resilience for longer periods.     

Bi-objective analysis of waste load allocation using fuzzy linear programming

Because of its complexity from both a legal and economic standpoint, the problem of optimal waste load allocation is multiobjective by nature and should be treated accordingly. To perform this task, an optimization technique known as fuzzy linear programming is utilized in solving a multiple-discharge, two-objective waste load allocation problem. The two objectives considered are: (1) the maximization of waste discharge and (2) the minimization of the largest difference in equity measure between the various dischargers. Results from this study reveal that fuzzy linear programming is a valuable tool for solving the multiple-objective water quality management problems. Moreover, it is shown that the selection of a linear or logistic membership function in providing preference criteria between the two objects, has no effect on the best compromising solution.     

广东丘陵区小型河流生态需水量多种方法估算

目前国内河流生态需水量研究多针对干旱半干旱地区和生态已退化的河流,而较少研究南方河流,对广东丘陵地区中小型河流研究更是匮乏。广东水资源相对丰富,但水资源开发强度不断增大,加上水质污染,河流生态退化已成为亟需解决的问题。根据泗合水双桥水文站1980~2010年日径流和实测断面资料,采用6种常用方法计算了泗合水的生态需水量,并分析计算结果。结果表明,NGPRP法、最小月平均流量法、逐月最小生态径流法的结果相对较为理想,但全年采用同一个生态需水量不符合广东河流汛期水量充足生物繁育栖息地要求高,而非汛期河流水量少生物越冬栖息地要求低的自然规律。将汛期和非汛期的径流独立排频,分别计算两个时段的生态需水量,其结果可满足河流径流和生物繁育的自然规律。研究为估算广东丘陵地区河流生态需水量提供了思路和方法。     

A new ‘momentum method’ for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of Polish rivers

There is a tendency in water management to identify the resources of surface waters with river discharge expressed by the intensity of the flow. However, such an evaluation is insufficient because of the difficulties in the water-economic balancing of the basin resources, since it does not take into account the volume of water contained in the river channel. With heavy pollution of the water flowing in the river channel, this fact may have a considerable influence on the representativity of the balance.The above reasons have become a basis for the introduction of a new measure for the evaluation of pollution resources of flowing water. The quantity of water in motion in a river channel is expressed by the momentum equation.Evaluation of water resources has been carried out for 83 rivers in the Vistula Basin and 52 rivers in the Odra Basin by means of the stream momentum method.     

多元线性回归与GM（1，1）模型耦合预测城市用水量

合理预测城市用水量对于城市的发展有着极其重要的意义。本文首先应用多元回归的方法，采取向前选择变量法进行优选，得到相对最优的回归预测模型。然后利用灰色GM（1，1）模型，预测出规划年每个变量的值，代入多元回归模型，这样充分利用了两种模型的优点，预测精度高，结果更为合理可靠。     

多元线性回归在月最高水位预报方程中的应用

文中应用多元线性回归原理,运用EXCEL表格软件的数据分析功能,建立不同月份月最高水位的预报方程,并对结果进行了分析。     

结合昌马水库渗压计观测数据探讨一元线性回归法在坝体渗压分析中的应用

本文采用一元线性回归对昌马水库2002—2012年渗压计观测结果进行了统计分析,建立了水库水位与孔隙水压力之间的线性关系,并采用相关系数对数据进行稳定性检验,同时对存在线性关系的线性模型给予一定的置信度。应用所建模型的预测功能,可对观测值进行预测,得到不同水位时渗压计监测结果的预测区间,为以后的日常观测提供一定的参考范围。     

利用单纯形-混沌优化算法确定河流水质模型参数

针对混沌优化算法收敛速度较慢的缺点,将单纯形算法和混沌优化算法结合,构造单纯形-混沌优化算法,并将该方法应用于分析一维河流水团示踪试验数据,求解河流水质模型参数的函数优化问题。结果表明,该算法可以有效确定河流水质模型参数,较单纯形法具有更好的收敛性、较混沌优化算法具有更快的收敛速度。     

Comparison of methods for analysing salmon habitat rehabilitation designs for regulated rivers

River restoration practices aiming to sustain wild salmonid populations have received considerable attention in the Unites States and abroad, as cumulative anthropogenic impacts have caused fish population declines. An accurate representation of local depth and velocity in designs of spatially complex riffle‐pool units is paramount for evaluating such practices, because these two variables constitute key instream habitat requirements and they can be used to predict channel stability. In this study, three models for predicting channel hydraulics—1D analytical, 1D numerical and 2D numerical—were compared for two theoretical spawning habitat rehabilitation (SHR) designs at two discharges to constrain the utility of these models for use in river restoration design evaluation. Hydraulic predictions from each method were used in the same physical habitat quality and sediment transport regime equations to determine how deviations propagated through those highly nonlinear functions to influence site assessments. The results showed that riffle‐pool hydraulics, sediment transport regime and physical habitat quality were very poorly estimated using the 1D analytical method. The 1D and 2D numerical models did capture characteristic longitudinal profiles in cross‐sectionally averaged variables. The deviation of both 1D approaches from the spatially distributed 2D model was found to be greatest at the low discharge for an oblique riffle crest with converging cross‐stream flow vectors. As decision making for river rehabilitation is dependent on methods used to evaluate designs, this analysis provides managers with an awareness of the limitations used in developing designs and recommendations using the tested methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

灰关联分析与多元线性回归模型联合应用研究

依据50年(1954~2003)和田绿洲的气象资料,应用灰关联分析,发现影响绿洲蒸发能力的主要因子是相对湿度与平均气温;在此基础上建立了回归模型。该模型模拟预测绿洲蒸发能力的变化精度较高,但需进一步改进。这种途径比逐步回归分析减少了分析工作量和上机时间。