AP1000全失流事故DNBR计算分析

AP1000反应堆冷却剂强迫流动全部丧失事故(简称全失流事故)可能导致堆芯发生偏离泡核沸腾(DNB)。使用美国核安全管制委员会(NRC)的TRACE程序和法国子通道分析程序FLICAⅢ-F,对AP1000电厂系统和堆芯进行建模,使用TRACE程序给出的全失流事故瞬态参数作为FLICAⅢ-F程序的输入条件,进行全失流事故DNB分析。计算结果表明:在瞬态过程中,堆芯内偏离泡核沸腾比(DNBR)数值始终高于安全分析限值,满足DNB设计基准。通过与安全分析报告中的计算数据进行对比,证明本文用TRACE和FLICAⅢ-F程序建立的DNB分析计算模型是合理的,能够用于AP1000电厂的工程设计。     

止回阀对EPR反应堆主泵卡轴事故后果的影响

分析计算欧洲先进压水堆(EPR)反应堆主泵卡轴事故,并对比在主泵出口安装止回阀和没有安装止回阀模型的卡轴事故安全分析.结果表明,在EPR主泵卡轴事故中,止回阀可增加模型堆芯进口流量约4％,有利于堆芯的冷却.止回阀可显著地提高堆芯最小偏离泡核沸腾比(DNBR),降低堆芯偏离泡核沸腾(DNB)份额,降低包壳温度约14℃.模型分析结果表明,在主泵卡轴事故工况下,主泵出口安装止回阀可更好地维持堆芯的完整性.     

基于抽样统计的CPR1000全失流事故分析

CPR1000反应堆发生全失流事故后,冷却剂流量迅速下降,一回路温度和压力升高,可能导致堆芯发生偏离泡核沸腾(DNB)的危险。本文使用中广核自主开发的系统程序GINKGO和子通道程序LINDEN分别对CPR1000的电厂系统和堆芯部件进行了建模,再使用GINKGO进行系统分析、LINDEN根据系统分析结果进行子通道分析后确定偏离泡核沸腾比(DNBR)达到最小值的时刻,并在该时刻使用抽样统计方法对部分相关输入参数进行不确定性分析,同时考虑系统程序、子通道程序以及CHF关系式的不确定性,最终得到满足双95下的最小偏离泡核沸腾比(MDNBR)。结果表明:CPR1000全失流事故进程中,并未发生DNB,且具有较大裕量,同时也证明将抽样统计应用到CPR1000全失流事故分析中是可行的。     

基于堆芯模型耦合过渡方法的严重事故模拟机开发研究

采取系统分析程序耦合过渡一体化严重事故（SA）分析程序的方法，对严重事故模拟机的开发进行研究。该方法首先使用系统分析程序计算事故早期响应，当满足耦合条件时，系统程序停止计算，切换至严重事故程序计算模拟事故中晚期。为实现切换时参数平滑过渡，以全范围模拟机常用程序RELAP5和严重事故程序MAAP4为例，主要分析了两程序热工水力模型重叠部分的堆芯区域的物理模型，选择传递了堆芯节点的芯块温度、包壳温度和堆芯功率。基于通用百万千瓦级压水堆小破口失水事故（SBLOCA）模型，使用该方法计算和SA程序单独计算进行对比验证。结果表明，过渡参数的选取是正确的，该系统分析程序耦合过渡SA程序的方法不仅能成功平滑地过渡参数，还保证了后续计算的准确性。      

部分参数统计方法在30万kW核电厂应用的初步研究

偏离泡核沸腾(DNB)设计基准是反应堆热工水力设计中的重要基准之一,为评价该设计基准是否满足热工水力设计要求,需确定堆芯偏离泡核沸腾比(DNBR)设计限值。本文研究了使用统计学方法确定不确定性的部分参数统计方法原理,并应用该方法和堆芯子通道分析程序对30万kW核电厂DNBR设计限值进行计算。计算结果表明,反应堆冷却剂流量全部丧失事故最小DNBR分析采用部分参数统计较STDP额外获得了约5%的裕量。本文结果为DNBR设计基准的验证提供了关键判据。     

非能动压水堆热工水力多尺度耦合计算分析研究

本文为了更加真实准确的模拟非能动核电机组复杂的热工水力工况,提高事故分析计算精度,开展了非能动压水堆热工水力多尺度耦合计算分析研究。首先应用热工水力系统分析程序RELAP5对AP1000机组进行系统建模,并开展冷却剂强迫流动完全丧失事故(全失流事故)的分析计算,得到堆芯相关热工水力参数。然后将RELAP5程序的计算结果作为边界条件,分别利用子通道程序COBRA-Ⅳ、计算流体力学程序FLUENT以及基于两个程序的耦合程序对AP1000堆芯组件进行建模,并分别开展全失流事故过程中堆芯热工水力分析计算。最终通过三个程序计算结果的对比,表明应用耦合程序开展堆芯热工水力分析的方法可行,建立的堆芯组件模型合理,计算结果更加接近真实情况,有效减少了单一程序计算的过度保守性。     

压水堆核电站堆芯物理/热工水力耦合特性研究

采用RELAP5-HD作为堆芯耦合计算程序,以秦山核电二期工程反应堆堆芯为研究对象,建立堆芯活性区的物理/热工水力耦合模型,在此基础上进行了稳态计算和掉棒事故仿真研究。结果表明,使用RELAP5-HD计算得到的结果与电厂实测值符合较好,获得的掉棒事故参数曲线能准确反映事故工况下的参数变化趋势。稳态和事故工况的计算结果均符合堆芯物理/热工水力反馈效应的理论分析,证实了所建立的堆芯耦合模型的准确性,为下一步进行核电站系统的仿真分析提供基础。     

基于TRACE/FLICA III-F程序的国产先进压水堆全失流事故分析研究

国产先进压水堆相比于传统压水堆,系统设备与运行参数均有较大变化,对其开展事故分析研究非常必要.本文首先应用最佳估算系统分析程序TRACE对国产先进压水堆机组进行详细建模,之后根据机组安全分析报告中的分析假设,选取全失流事故进行瞬态分析研究,然后应用FLICA III-F程序进行事故瞬态堆芯DNBR分析研究,最终得到的结果可以满足全失流事故验收准则最小DNBR限值1.19的要求.接下来以上研究基础上,选取更加保守的全失流事故分析假设,进一步开展事故分析研究,发现研究结果仍然满足全失流事故验收准则的要求,表明国产先进压水堆机组在全失流事故下安全可靠.     

岭澳核电站延伸运行工况下的功率能力分析

本文主要分析了岭澳核电站延伸运行工况下的功率能力。利用中子学计算程序对岭澳核电站延伸运行I类工况和II类工况下可能的堆芯功率分布进行了模拟,论证了I、II类工况下反映堆芯安全性的线功率密度裕度和偏离泡核沸腾比(DNBR)裕度。与自然循环相比,延伸运行工况下的功率能力具有更大的裕度。     

基于TRACE/FLICA Ⅲ-F程序的国产先进压水堆全失流事故分析研究

国产先进压水堆相比于传统压水堆,系统设备与运行参数均有较大变化,对其开展事故分析研究非常必要。本文首先应用最佳估算系统分析程序TRACE对国产先进压水堆机组进行详细建模,之后根据机组安全分析报告中的分析假设,选取全失流事故进行瞬态分析研究,然后应用FLICA Ⅲ-F程序进行事故瞬态堆芯DNBR分析研究,最终得到的结果可以满足全失流事故验收准则最小DNBR限值1.19的要求。接下来以上研究基础上,选取更加保守的全失流事故分析假设,进一步开展事故分析研究,发现研究结果仍然满足全失流事故验收准则的要求,表明国产先进压水堆机组在全失流事故下安全可靠。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

微型X射线管空气比释动能和能谱的测量

为研究微型X射线管的特性,通过电离室测量光管出射口30 cm远处的空气比释动能,使用高纯锗探测器分别测量了Ag过滤和Cu过滤下的X射线能谱。结果表明,空气比释动能随电流的增加有线性增加的趋势,能谱图明显的观察到银的两个特征X射线。完成了微型X射线管空气比释动能和能谱的测量方法以及实验测量的工作,为微型x射线管下辐射质的建立提够了条件基础。     

Gamma-ray attenuation technique for measuring void fraction in horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow

The measurement of void fraction is of importance to the oil industry and chemical industry. In this article, the principle and mathematical method of determining the void fraction of horizontal gas-liquid flow by using a single-energy γ-ray system is described. The γ-ray source is the radioactive isotope of 241Am with γ-ray energy of 59.5 keV. The time-averaged value of the void fraction in a 50.0-mm i.d. transparent horizontal pipeline is measured under various combinations of the liquid flow and gas flow. It is found that increasing the gas flow rate at a fixed liquid flow rate would increase the void fraction. Test data are compared with the predictions of the correlations and a good agreement is found. The result shows that the designed γ-ray system can be used for measuring the void fraction in a horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow with high accuracy.