多孔金属氧化物半导体薄膜的制备及光催化性能

以垂直蒸发沉积法制备的聚苯乙烯(PS)胶态晶体为模板,采用溶胶–凝胶法制备多孔ZnO和TiO_2薄膜,分别考察其对罗丹明B(Rh B)溶液的光催化降解效果。使用扫描电子显微镜观察PS胶态晶体以及多孔ZnO和TiO_2薄膜的形貌,以紫外–可见吸收光谱仪表征光催化降解效果。结果表明:PS微球分散液浓度为0.025%时,胶态晶体为单层和多层结构,随着浓度增加至0.100%,胶态晶体呈现完善的多层结构;PS微球分散液浓度为0.100%、ZnO溶胶浓度为0.3 mol/L制备的多孔ZnO薄膜对Rh B降解效果较好;PS微球分散液浓度为0.025%、TiO_2溶胶浓度为0.1 mol/L获得的多孔TiO_2薄膜对Rh B降解效果较好。多孔ZnO薄膜对Rh B的降解效果优于多孔TiO_2薄膜。     

用聚苯乙烯微球模板组装有序多孔氧化锌薄膜

在洁净的玻璃基片上通过浸提法组装了有序的聚苯乙烯微球(polystyrene spheres,PS)阵列模板.将PS模板再用浸提法垂直浸渍到ZnO溶胶中,在毛细管力的作用下ZnO溶胶进入到微球的间隙中形成凝胶,最后经煅烧除去PS模板而得到多孔ZnO薄膜.模板的反射光谱证实其堆积方式为面心立方结构.用扫描电镜观察了ZnO薄膜的表面形貌.用X射线衍射和紫外/可见光分光光度计对薄膜的性能进行了表征.结果表明:溶胶的浓度和PS模板在溶胶中的浸渍时间对薄膜的形貌有显著的影响,多孔薄膜孔径较微球直径收缩约30%.得到的ZnO薄膜经500℃煅烧后为六方纤锌矿结构,在波长大于550nm后其光谱透过率可达80%以上,禁带宽度约为3.22eV.     

电沉积法制备固态染料敏化太阳能电池(英文)

本文采用一步电化学沉积的方法在导电玻璃上先后沉积了ZnO/染料复合薄膜以及CuSCN薄层,实现仅以电沉积法制备结构为ZnO/染料/CuSCN的固态染料敏化太阳能电池,电池的光电转换效率达到0.1%。在电沉积CuSCN前,脱附电沉积制备的ZnO/染料复合薄膜中的染料以形成多孔ZnO薄膜,然后通过染料再吸附得到染料敏化ZnO纳晶多孔薄膜。在电沉积过程中,ZnO和CuSCN的晶体尺寸、晶体取向和膜层形貌都可以进行比较精准的控制。探讨了影响沉积薄膜形貌和光电转换效率的因素,如旋转圆盘电极的旋转速度、电沉积温度以及染料敏化剂的选择。本文报道的低温电沉积制备全固态太阳能电池的方法为制备柔性染料敏化太阳能电池提供了一种新的思路。     

恒电位法电沉积聚8-羟基喹啉薄膜

采用恒电位法在镀镍工件表面制备聚8-羟基喹啉薄膜。研究了沉积电位、8-羟基喹啉浓度、Na OH浓度、沉积时间等工艺条件对薄膜耐蚀性的影响。分别采用盐水周浸泡试验、三氯化铁缝隙试验和Tafel极化曲线法对比研究了恒电位法电沉积试样、循环伏安法电沉积试样和空白工件的耐蚀性。采用扫描电镜表征了聚8-羟基喹啉薄膜的表面形貌。恒电位法沉积的最佳工艺条件为:8-羟基喹啉2 mmol/L,Na OH 0.4 mol/L,电位0.5 V,时间300 s,室温。采用最佳工艺所得薄膜的耐蚀性略优于循环伏安法试样,远优于空白工件。     

聚乙二醇对FTO基底上电沉积?热氧化制备的ZnO薄膜光电化学性能的影响

通过先电沉积后热氧化的方法在氟掺杂Sn O2(FTO)基底上制备了多孔ZnO薄膜。研究了聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)质量浓度对ZnO薄膜的形貌、结构及可见光光电流的影响。结果表明,在恒定电流密度7.0 mA/cm~2沉积300 s的条件下,于含有0.4 mol/L Zn Cl2、5.0 mol/L NH_4Cl和0.4 mol/L H3BO3的镀液中添加10～200 mg/L的PEG-6000,有利于在FTO基底上得到结合良好的金属Zn沉积层,热氧化后转变为有基底Sn自发掺杂的多孔ZnO薄膜。其中PEG质量浓度为50 mg/L时制得的ZnO薄膜厚度最大、孔隙最多,表现出良好的光电化学性能。     

电沉积方式对制备氧化锌薄膜的影响

利用恒电位与恒电流两种电沉积方式,在Zn(NO3)2水溶液中制备了ZnO薄膜,研究了沉积方式对氧化锌薄膜性能的影响。实验结果表明,电沉积的初始阶段即氧化锌种子层生成期,对沉积有很大影响;恒电流沉积的氧化锌种子层生成迅速且致密,制备的薄膜表面粗糙度小且透光率高;荧光光谱表明,采用不同沉积方式制备ZnO薄膜的内部缺陷不同。     

电化学沉积制备V_2O_5薄膜电极的表面结构及储钠性能

以含有CTAB的V_2O_5溶胶为电解液,采用电沉积法在不锈钢基体上沉积V_2O_5薄膜前体,经300℃烧结处理后制备了无黏结剂和导电剂的V_2O_5纳米薄膜电极。XRD测试表明该方法制备的V_2O_5薄膜是含水相的V_2O_5·n H2O,与未添加CTAB制备的薄膜相比,其层间距明显变大。FESEM和AFM测试发现CTAB辅助电沉积制备的V_2O_5薄膜具有粗糙多孔的表面形貌;XPS测试表明CTAB辅助电沉积制备的V_2O_5薄膜中含有更多的低价钒离子(V4+)。电化学测试发现该方法制备的V_2O_5薄膜具有优异的嵌/脱Na+循环稳定性;与未添加CTAB制备的薄膜相比,CTAB辅助电沉积制备的V_2O_5薄膜具有更好的电化学反应可逆性、更强Na+扩散性能和更高的储钠比容量,是一种非常有应用前景的钠离子电池正极材料。     

以多孔氧化铝为模板钴纳米线阵列的制备

以多孔氧化铝为模板,采用交流电沉积的方法制备了钴纳米线阵列膜.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对电沉积钴纳米线前后的多孔氧化铝模板的形貌进行表征,通过透射电子显微镜(TElM)观察钴纳米线的表面形貌.结果表明:金属钴沉积到多孑L氧化铝模板的纳米孑L中,钴纳米线的平均直径约为50n/n,与氧化铝模板的孔径相一致.     

CdS量子点敏化ZnO纳米片的制备与光电性质

采用电化学沉积法在透明导电玻璃(FTO)基底上制备氧化锌(ZnO)纳米片,用KOH溶液刻蚀ZnO纳米片,得到多孔纳米片薄膜,再用化学浴沉积法(CBD)使CdS量子点沉积在ZnO纳米片表面,得Cd S敏化的多孔ZnO纳米片薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、高分辨率透射电子显微镜、电化学工作站研究了复合薄膜的晶体结构、形貌和光电性能。结果表明:KOH溶液刻蚀后的多孔ZnO纳米片光阳极的光电化学转换性能比ZnO纳米片有了明显的提高,光电化学转换效率随着刻蚀时间的延长先增大后减小,刻蚀时间30 min时,样品的光电转换效率提高为原来的7.2倍。多孔ZnO纳米片用Cd S量子点敏化后,Cd S量子点可以紧密、均匀地生长在多孔ZnO纳米片表面,并与ZnO纳米片形成异质结,其光电转换效率均有大幅度的提高,刻蚀60 min时的复合薄膜的光电转换效率最高,为1.176%,为量子点敏化太阳能电池的潜在应用提供实验基础。     

镍基电沉积制备聚8-羟基喹啉薄膜

采用8羟基喹啉的碱性水溶液,分别通过循环伏安法和恒电位法在镍基体上电沉积制备了聚8羟基喹啉薄膜。探讨了2种方法制备聚8羟基喹啉薄膜的电化学行为,并对比研究了不同方法所得试样的表面形貌和耐蚀性。结果表明,循环伏安法电沉积聚8羟基喹啉的氧化峰为0.563 V和0.481 V,还原峰则位于0.318 V;恒电位法电沉积聚8羟基喹啉包含聚合物成核和长大2个过程。恒电位法所得聚8羟基喹啉薄膜较循环伏安法所得膜更平整,耐蚀性更好。聚8羟基喹啉薄膜增大了基体表面的电荷转移电阻,隔绝了腐蚀介质,从而有效增强了镍基体的耐蚀性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.