婴幼儿骨性鼻泪管的影像解剖学测量

目的:应用螺旋CT三维重建技术观察正常婴幼儿鼻泪管的解剖学特征.方法:应用螺旋CT对27例(54侧)正常婴幼儿和15例(30侧)成人骨性鼻泪管三维重建,再测量骨性鼻泪管长度,鼻泪管长轴与正中矢状切面,水平切面,冠状切面投影的夹角等解剖学数据,同时用解剖学方法测量7例(14侧)儿童尸头骨性鼻泪管长度作对照,应用SPSS13.0软件进行统计学处理.结果:螺旋CT三维重建测量婴幼儿骨性鼻泪管长度为(10.06±0.29)mm,儿童尸头骨性鼻泪管长度为(9.95±0.31)mm,成人骨性鼻泪管长度为(11.51±1.54)mm,前两者之间的差异无统计学意义,而前两者与成人鼻泪管长度之间的差异有统计学意义.婴幼儿鼻泪管长轴与正中矢状切面投影的夹角为7.96°±1.62°,与水平切面投影的夹角为73.24°±6.75°,与冠状切面投影的夹角为12.31°±2.03°;成人鼻泪管长轴与正中矢状切面,水平切面,冠状切面投影的夹角分别为8.08°±0.63°,72.69°±3.85°,12.09°±1.21°,两者之间的差异无显著性.结论:螺旋CT三维重建技术是测量婴幼儿鼻泪管解剖学数据的一种有效方法,所得解剖学数据对婴幼儿泪道疾病的手术治疗有重要的指导作用.     

磁共振静脉血管成像(MRV)对上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的临床应用价值

目的:探讨磁共振静脉血管成像(MRV)对上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的临床应用价值.方法:对15例上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的MRV图像进行分析,观察瘤体对上矢状窦的压迫、侵蚀和闭塞程度,并与手术结果对照分析.结果:15例上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤中,6例瘤体与一侧静脉窦壁外层附着,5例瘤体侵蚀静脉窦,4例瘤体长入上矢状窦内,窦腔完全闭塞,MRV所示与手术病理结果完全相符.结论:MRV对上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤与上矢状窦关系的显示十分敏感,能够精确提供上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的手术治疗信息.     

急性高容量血液稀释联合控制性降压在上矢状窦破裂修补术中的应用

目的：探讨急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)联合控制性降压(CH)用于上矢状窦破裂修补术的临床效果.方法：将22例ASA Ⅱ～Ⅲ级在全麻下行上矢状窦破裂修补术患者随机分成2组(I组：AHH+CH,Ⅱ组：AHH),均于打开骨瓣前行AHH,I组同时用硝普钠行CH.记录AHH前(T0)、骨瓣打开时(T1)、骨瓣打开后10 min (T2)、上矢状窦修复完毕(T3)和术毕(T4)的MAP,HR,Hb,Hct和血气值,计算2组的出血量、输血量、尿量、总输液量及AHH扩容量.结果：2组的CVP值在T1时均较T0明显升高,在T2和T3时I组的与T0比较无显著变化,Ⅱ组的明显低于T0时和I组同时点;在T1时I组的Hct值显著低于Ⅱ组;I组较Ⅱ组扩容量显著增大,输血量明显减少.结论：AHH+CH用于上矢状窦破裂修补术可增加扩容量,增强术中血流动力学的稳定,减少输血量.     

头皮静脉留置针反向穿刺输液的临床观察

为探讨临床输液时限长且血管条件较差的患儿采用头皮静脉留置针反向穿刺的可行性,以400例年龄从出生2天至2岁的患儿作为研究对象,随机分为试验组和对照组,选择头皮额前正中静脉、颞浅静脉进行穿刺,试验组采用留置针反向穿刺,对照组采用正向穿刺。比较了两组穿刺的成功留置率和穿刺成功后的回血率。结果显示,试验组成功留置率和成功穿刺后回血率均优于对照组,因此得出结论:临床输液时限长且血管条件差患儿,采用头皮静脉留置针逆向穿刺是一种有效可行的方法。     

瘢痕疙瘩的超声检查

采用高频探头(5.0MHZ)对43例瘢痕疙瘩超声检查并与正常皮肤比较,前者表皮平均厚度0.5±0.1mm,真皮平均厚度4.9±0.6mm;后者表皮不均厚度0.6±0.1mm1,真皮平均厚度1.4±0.6mm。两组有显著性差异(P<0.001)。认为超声检查瘢痕疙瘩有实用价值。     

土家族成年女性头面部中线软组织厚度测量

目的 研究中国土家族成年女性头面部软组织特点.方法 随机抽取76名中国湖南省西部土家族成年女性,拍摄其头面部侧位X线片,选取正中矢状面上5个部位10个测量点软组织进行厚度测量,并对数据进行统计学处理.结果 土家族成年女性头面部中线10个测量点的软组织厚度范围为(3.29±0.16)～（9.05±0.18）mm.方差分析表明,头面部软组织厚度不同部位之间、同一部位不同年龄段之间有显著性差异;土家族与汉、壮、白、傣等民族成年女性头面部软组织厚度也有显著性差异.结论 土家族成年女性头面部软组织厚度存在部位和年龄差异.     

封闭式套管针的临床应用及护理

封闭式套管针又名头皮式套管针 (Intim a) ,在减少穿刺次数、减轻病人反复穿刺带来的痛苦等方面优于头皮针输液 ,我院自 1999年 3月起临床应用此针收到良好的效果 ,现将该技术的应用体会介绍如下。1　方法Intim a分为直型、Y型两型 ,采用美国生产的 Vialon材料制成。(1)选择血管 :选择粗、直、弹性好、血流量丰富的血管。(2 )消毒范围 :头皮针一般皮肤消毒范围直径为 5 cm,In-tima皮肤消毒范围直径为 8cm以上。(3)进针 :Intim a与皮肤呈 15°～ 30°在血管的上方直刺血管 ,速度要慢。角度太小 ,套管与血管壁接触面积太大 ,易引起渗漏 ;角…     

侧脑室—上矢状窦分流术治疗脑积水14例

本文对14例脑积水患者施行了侧脑室—上矢状窦分流术,并对其手术方法、治疗效果进行总结分析,同时对不同分流方法进行分析比较,我们认为侧脑室—上矢状窦分流术具有疗效好、简单易行、创伤性小、更适合于生理要求等优点。     

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池实验研究

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(MCFC)是第2代燃料电池,工作温度650°C.组装了12cm×10cm的MCFC单体电池,开发了电池的关键材料、烧结及升温程序.电池以多孔陶瓷板材料γ-LiAlO2作为电解质支持体,其厚度为0.8mm,孔径分布0.1～0.8μm,孔隙率50%;阴极采用多孔板Ni,厚度为0.8mm,平均孔径为12μm,孔隙率55%;阳极采用多孔板Ni,厚度为0.8mm,平均孔径为8μm,孔隙率50%.电池的开路电压达到1.10V,电流密度达到120mA/cm2,工作时输出电压为0.65～0.70V,输出功率5～10W.     

胸骨的形态学观测及其临床意义

目的:提供胸骨测量与观察的地方性资料,为临床胸骨穿刺术提供解剖学依据.方法:使用游标卡尺测量胸骨的有关数据.结果:胸骨长(137.03±20.20)mm;胸骨柄长(48.17±6.04)mm,柄最大宽(53.96±7.25)mm,柄最小宽(29.56±5.35)mm,柄厚(12.57±1.46)mm,柄前皮质厚(1.23±0.14)mm,柄后皮质厚(1.20±0.12)mm;体长(87.59±23.62)mm,体最大宽(31.67±6.57)mm,体厚(13.69±6.28)mm,体前皮质厚(1.28±0.15)mm,体后皮质厚(1.23±0.13)mm,胸骨体前软组织厚(2.04±0.46)mm.胸骨长宽指数23.1,胸骨体长宽指数36.1,胸骨体柄长指数55.0,胸骨宽厚指数42.5,胸骨长柄长指数35.2.胸骨柄体分离79例,占78.2%;带有胸骨体裂孔7例,占6.9%;带有骨性剑突10例,占9.8%.结论:本组胸骨长与柄长、体长之间有高度相关性(P<0.01).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~