大豆异黄酮对去卵巢兔动脉粥样硬化的影响及其机制探讨

目的　探讨大豆异黄酮对卵巢切除 (OVX)兔血脂、内皮素 - 1(ET - 1)、肿瘤坏死因子 -α(TNF -α)、白细胞介素 - 6 (IL - 6 )水平及动脉粥样硬化斑块面积的影响。方法　 4 0只 5月龄雌兔随机分 4组 ,各 10只。除A组行假手术 ,余各组均行OVX ,并饲以胆固醇饮食 ,C组予大豆异黄酮 ,D组予雌二醇 ,12周后测定血脂、ET - 1、TNF -α、IL - 6及动脉粥样硬化斑块面积。结果　与B组比较 ,C、D组总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL -C)均除低 ,C组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL -C)增高 (P <0 0 1) ;C、D组血浆ET- 1、TNF -α、IL - 6均降低 (P <0 0 1) ,且动脉粥样硬化斑块面积占主动脉总面积的百分比明显降低 (P <0 0 1)。结论　大豆异黄酮能改善去势兔血脂 ,并降低ET - 1、TNF -α、IL -6水平 ,从而预防及减轻动脉粥样硬化。     

萘哌地尔对慢性心力衰竭患者神经内分泌的影响

目的 观察萘哌地尔对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者神经内分泌的影响.方法 贵阳医学院附属医院2002年3月至2003年5月用放射免疫法测定47例CHF患者(CHF组)与24例健康者(对照组)血肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、肾上腺髓质素(Adm)、神经肽Y(NPY)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、A型利钠肽(ANP)、B型利钠肽(BNP)和C型利钠肽(CNP)水平,超声心动图测定左心室射血分数(LVEF).CHF组再随机分为常规治疗组(A组)24例,给予常规心衰治疗;萘哌地尔治疗组(B组)23例,在A组药物治疗基础上加服萘哌地尔,1月后重复上述测定.结果 (1)CHF患者血TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、ET-1、Adm、NPY、ANP、BNP、CNP水平均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),而CGRP水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).(2)A组和B组治疗前后比较,血TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、ET-1、Adm、NPY、ANP、BNP、CNP水平均显著降低(P＜0.01),而CGRP水平增高(P＜0.01);(3)B组治疗后与A组治疗后比较,TNF-α、ET-1、ANP、BNP降低更明显(P＜0.05),NPY水平下降更显著(P＜0.01),而CGRP水平升高更明显(P＜0.05),NYHA分级改善更明显(P＜0.05),但IL-1、IL-6、Adm、CNP和LVEF差异无显著性(P＞0.05).(4)LVEF与TNF-α、IL-6、ET-1、BNP呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、ET-1、Adm、NPY、CGRP、ANP、BNP和CNP可能与CHF发生发展有关,萘亮哌地尔治疗可能进一步降低CHF患者TNF-α、ET-1、ANP、BNP、NPY水平和提高CGRP水平并改善临床症状.     

参芪柔脉合剂对颈动脉粥样硬化病人血脂、血清炎症因子及颈动脉内中膜厚度的影响

目的探讨参芪柔脉合剂对颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)病人血脂、血清炎症因子及颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的影响。方法选取CAS病人87例,采用随机数字表法分为两组。对照组43例采用辛伐他汀胶囊治疗,观察组44例采用参芪柔脉合剂联合辛伐他汀治疗。比较两组血脂四项、炎症因子水平、IMT与颈动脉内膜斑块面积及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗3个月后,两组总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IMT及颈动脉内膜斑块面积均较治疗前显著降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,观察组TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、IMT及颈动脉内膜斑块面积均降低,HDL-C升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论参芪柔脉合剂联合辛伐他汀治疗能改善CAS病人血脂情况,并具有抗炎,稳定斑块作用。     

缬沙坦对高脂模型大鼠动脉粥样硬化及炎性因子的影响

目的 研究缬沙坦对高脂模型大鼠动脉粥样硬化及炎性因子水平的影响.方法 通过建立高脂血症动脉粥样硬化大鼠模型,动态、系统地监测血脂及高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白介素(IL)-6和IL-8的水平,同时采用Trizol法提取RNA,用RT-PCR法测量主动脉中hs-CRP mRNA、TNF-α mRNA和IL-6 mRNA的表达,并且观察粥样硬化动脉内膜形态学的改变.结果 缬沙坦药物治疗后,血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平较高脂模型组有所降低,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).高脂模型组的hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8均升高,且与正常对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).应用缬沙坦治疗10 w后,hs-CRP和IL-6的水平均降低,与高脂模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);TNF-α和IL-8的水平均降低,但与高脂模型组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).应用缬沙坦治疗10 w后,hs-CRP mRNA,TNF-αmRNA和IL-6 mRNA表达均降低,与高脂模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).缬沙坦药物干预组内膜病变较高脂模型比较有所减轻.结论 缬沙坦能够有效地降压的同时,能减少部分炎性因子释放的作用,发挥其抗动脉粥样硬化的作用.     

原花青素对高脂血症模型大鼠脂肪因子及免疫调节的影响

目的 观察原花青素对高脂血症模型大鼠血清瘦素(Leptin)、抵抗素、脂联素以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、IL-6的影响.方法 SD大鼠随机分成对照组(C组)、高脂血症模型组(H组)、原花青素高剂量组(HD组)、原花青素低剂量组(LD组),各10例.除对照组饲普通饲料外,其余各组喂饲高脂饲料并进行干预实验比较.6 w后检测大鼠血脂,血清胰岛素、瘦素、抵抗素、脂联素及TNF-α、IL-6的变化.结果 与对照组相比,H组血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)水平降低(P＜0.01);血清胰岛素、瘦素、抵抗素和TNF-α、IL-6含量明显升高(P＜0.01);脂联素水平明显降低(P＜0.01).原花青素干预组血脂水平明显降低(P＜0.01);血清胰岛素、瘦素、抵抗素和TNF-α、IL-6含量降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);脂联素水平升高(P＜0.01).结论 瘦素、抵抗素、脂联素和TNF-α、IL-6在高脂血症的病理和生理过程中起着重要作用.原花青素通过增加脂联素,降低血清胰岛素、瘦素、抵抗素、TNF-α和IL-6含量,控制炎症反应,对高脂饮食所致高脂血症相关性胰岛素抵抗的防治发挥重要作用.     

不同类型的老年冠心病病人血清CRP与TNF-α、IL-6相关性研究

目的观察老年冠心病不同类型病人中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平变化及其与C反应蛋白(CRP)之间的关系,进一步探讨老年急性冠状动脉综合征的临床预测的炎症指标.方法分别检测27例急性心肌梗死(AMI)病人(AMI组)、26例不稳定型心绞痛病人(UAP组)、52例稳定型心绞痛病人(SAP组),50名正常者(对照组).采用ELASA法测定血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度,免疫浊度分析法测定CRP的浓度.对比分析CRP与TNF-α、IL-6的相关性及各组间的差异.结果 AMI组及UAP组病人CRP、TNF-α和IL-6水平均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)和SAP组(P＜0.05).AMI组与UAP组间血清CRP、TNF-α和IL-6比较均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),CRP水平与TNF-α、IL-6呈显著正相关(r=0.547,r=0.448,P＜0.01).结论细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6表达异常是促使急性冠状动脉综合征发生的主要机制之一.老年冠心病病人炎性标志物CRP与TNF-α、IL-6表达异常密切相关,可能是动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的标志.     

红景天苷对负性心理应激下高强度运动大鼠糖代谢及炎症因子水平的影响

目的 通过红景天苷对负性心理应激下模拟航渡及高强度运动大鼠的干预,观察干预后大鼠糖代谢及相关炎症因子水平.方法 将6周龄的SD雄性大鼠随机分为静息对照组(A组)、训练对照组(B组)和红景天苷干预组(C组).每组10只,A组不接受任何刺激,生理盐水灌胃1周后即进行取样,B、C组大鼠经过10d递增负荷跑台训练,分别用生理盐水及红景天苷灌胃1周后,进行模拟航渡及高强度运动,结束即刻取血,测定血糖,并应用酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)双抗体夹心法测定相关炎症因子超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP),肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α),白细胞介素6(IL-6),内皮素1(ET-1)水平.结果 与A组相比,B组血糖和炎症因子hs-CRP,TNF-α,IL-6,ET-1水平均显著升高(P＜0.05);C组的血糖显著升高(P＜0.05),而hs-CRP,IL-6,ET-1水平均显著降低(P＜ 0.05);与B组相比,C组hs-CRP,TNF-α,IL-6,ET-1水平均显著降低(P＜0.05),血糖也有降低的趋势.结论 负性心理应激及大强度的运动训练使大鼠糖代谢紊乱,大鼠机体炎症反应增加,炎症因子生成增多,红景天苷能降低应激大鼠机体炎症因子生成,从而改善糖代谢,增强大鼠的抗应激能力.     

宁心解毒汤、血塞通、瑞舒伐他汀对ApoE－/－小鼠炎症因子和As斑块的影响

目的通过建立ApoE~(-/-)小鼠动脉粥样硬化(As)模型,探讨宁心解毒汤、血塞通、瑞舒伐他汀对小鼠血脂、炎性因子和斑块结构的影响。方法高脂喂养80只8周龄ApoE~(-/-)小鼠4周后,随机分为宁心解毒汤组、血塞通组、瑞舒伐他汀组和对照组。药物灌胃8周后处死。处死前测量体重、尾动脉血压,小鼠尾静脉取血,检测小鼠总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的浓度。分离主动脉,观察主动脉粥样硬化斑块特征。结果对照组ApoE~(-/-)小鼠血总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较其他3组差异有显著性,且瑞舒伐他汀组与宁心解毒汤组、血塞通组差异也有显著性(P0.05)。对照组ApoE~(-/-)小鼠体重、血压较其他3组差异无显著性(P0.05)。对照组ApoE~(-/-)小鼠IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α的血清浓度,明显高于较其他3组(P0.05);而宁心解毒汤组、血塞通组、瑞舒伐他汀组3组间差异无显著性(P0.05)。对照组动脉斑块分布弥漫,而其他3组的整个动脉也有斑块,明显轻于对照组(P0.05)。结论ApoE~(-/-)小鼠+高脂饮食能够理想构建动脉粥样硬化动物模型。宁心解毒汤、血塞通、瑞舒伐他汀可以通过调脂、减低炎性因子的表达来发挥抗As作用。瑞舒伐他汀控制斑块发展的效果更好,考虑与其调脂相关。     

黄连降脂合剂对痰湿内阻型高血压病人血脂、血清炎症因子及颈动脉斑块的影响

目的观察黄连降脂合剂对痰湿内阻型高血压病人血脂水平、颈动脉斑块及血清炎症因子水平的影响。方法选取2014年1月—2016年2月武汉市中西医结合医院心内科收治的高血压合并颈动脉斑块病人120例,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组(58例)和对照组(62例)。两组均按指南给予积极降压治疗。治疗组采用黄连降脂合剂治疗,每次100 mL,每日1次;对照组给予辛伐他汀片每次20 mg,每日1次,晚上服用。两组疗程均为24周。检测治疗前后血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平,同时观察颈动脉内膜中层厚度及斑块面积变化情况。结果治疗24周后,两组病人TC、LDL-C水平均较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),但两组治疗后TC、LDL-C水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6均较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),且治疗组较对照组降低更为明显(P0.05);治疗组颈动脉内膜中层厚度及斑块面积较治疗前及对照组有明显改善(P0.05)。结论黄连降脂合剂能有效改善痰湿内阻型高血压病人颈动脉内膜中层厚度及斑块面积,其机制可能与降脂和改善相关炎症因子水平有关。     

64排螺旋CT检测冠心病患者冠状动脉斑块分型的分布特点与其血清IL-6、INF-α含量的相关性

目的 通过64排螺旋CT 检测各型冠心病中软斑块、混合斑块、钙化斑块的分布,探讨冠脉斑块稳定性与IL-6和TNF-α含量的相关性.方法 选择89例住院接受冠脉造影的患者根据临床诊断分为正常对照组、稳定型心绞痛组(SAP)和急性冠脉综合征组(ACS)(不包括急性 ST 段抬高的心肌梗死).64排螺旋CT检查后根据斑块性质分为正常对照组、软斑块组、混合斑块组和钙化斑块组,测定血清 IL-6和TNF-α.结果 ①在 ACS 组软斑块、混合斑块的分布显著高于钙化斑块(P＜0.001),而在SAP组钙化斑块的分布显著高于ACS组(P＜0.001);②各斑块组平均血清 IL-6和TNF-α水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);软斑块组、混合斑块组平均血清 IL-6和TNF-α水平高于钙化斑块组(P＜0.05);而于软斑块组和混合斑块组间平均血清IL-6和TNF-α水平比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05);③ACS组平均血清IL-6和TNF-α水平显著高于对照组及SAP组(均P＜0.01).结论 ①64排螺旋CT 冠脉造影可较准确地显示冠心病患者病变冠状动脉斑块的性质;②血清IL-6、TNF-α平可较好反映冠心病患者冠状动脉斑块的不稳定性;③64排螺旋CT检测分析斑块在各型冠心病分布特点及IL-6、TNF-α含量分析,可对冠状动脉斑块的稳定性进行评估,对预测心血管事件及危险分级提供有益参考.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.