应用胰岛素泵治疗儿童1型尿病合并酮症酸中毒

目的 探讨使用胰岛素泵持续皮下输注胰岛素治疗儿童１型糖尿病合并酮症酸中毒的可行性。方法 将在我院住院的１型糖尿病合并酮症或酮症酸中毒的患儿１２例,分为胰岛素泵治疗组和对照组,每组６例,分别使用胰岛素泵皮下输注胰岛素和小剂量胰岛素静脉滴注,常规胰岛素的用量为０．０５～０．１０ＩＵ／（ｋｇ．ｈ）,观察血糖、β－羟丁酸、尿酮体的变化,结果 ⑴两组患儿的血糖在使用量为０．０５～０．１０ＩＵ／（ｋｇ．ｈ）经     

儿童和青少年1型糖尿病流行病学及治疗研究进展

1型糖尿病作为儿童和青少年糖尿病的主要类型,近20年来发病率有明显的增加趋势,引起全世界越来越多的关注.该文综述了近年来国内外儿童和青少年1型糖尿病流行病学、治疗和管理方面的研究进展,通过对比国内外儿童和青少年糖尿病学研究进展,可以更好地了解我国儿童糖尿病研究方面与世界研究方面的差距,从而为我国以后的研究指明方向.     

胰岛素泵治疗儿童1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒32例临床分析

目的 观察胰岛素泵持续皮下注射胰岛素对儿童1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)的疗效.方法 将2005-2008年收治的1型DKA患儿64例分为治疗组32例和对照组32例.治疗组予胰岛素泵治疗,对照组予小剂量胰岛素持续静脉滴注治疗.比较两组患儿血精变化、DKA纠正时间及住院时间.结果 治疗组血糖下降相对稳定,酸中毒纠正时间治疗组[(16.91±4.223)h]短于对照组[(23.31±3.797)h](P<0.001),且无反复.治疗过程中治疗组未出现低血糖,对照组出现1例.住院时间治疗组[(15.63±2.458)d]短于对照组[(20.88±3.348)d](P<0.001).结论 胰岛素泵持续皮下注射胰岛索治疗儿童1型糖尿病酮症酸中毒安全有效.     

胰岛素泵在1型糖尿病患儿的合理使用

目的 探讨胰岛素泵强化治疗对1型糖尿病(T1DM)患儿的疗效,并分析影响疗效和胰岛素用量的因素.方法 本院内分泌科2003-2008年收治的T1DM患儿68例.对其进行短期胰岛素泵强化治疗,将其分为初诊组和复诊组、感染组和非感染组,并酮症酸中毒(DKA)和非DKA组,观察影响使用胰岛素泵治疗效果的因素,在年龄、初诊、感染和并DKA等情况下胰岛素泵的使用情况.结果 68例患儿均予胰岛素泵强化治疗,血糖达标天数为(4.37±1.60) d,达标时胰岛素用量为(1.22±0.34) U/(kg·d);初诊组和复诊组血糖达标时间、胰岛素用量比较均无显著差异(Pa>0.05);非感染组达标时间明显均较感染组、并DKA组短(Pa<0.05);与非感染组比较,感染组、并DKA组基础胰岛素用量大(Pa<0.01),小年龄组胰岛素输注管堵塞和发生低血糖例次明显多于大年龄组儿童.结论 胰岛素泵的使用在T1DM患儿存在着差别,小年龄组胰岛素泵使用要慎重.     

移植治疗在儿童与青少年1型糖尿病治疗中的应用进展

儿童与青少年1型糖尿病的患病率在近数十余年来呈现明显的上升趋势,传统的药物治疗方法可有效地改善血糖,但无法达到根治的目的。移植治疗作为一种可能达到根治目标的治疗方案受到越来越多的关注,主要包括胰岛移植、干细胞移植以及胰腺移植。移植后伴随的排异反应、胰岛细胞炎症及凋亡反应等仍是目前限制移植治疗在1型糖尿病治疗中应用的重大瓶颈,未来有望通过一氧化碳暴露或调节性T细胞治疗等相关方法得到一定突破。目前移植治疗在1型糖尿病中的研究主要集中在动物研究或成人临床试验中,关于儿童与青少年1型糖尿病移植治疗的研究报道相对较少。粪菌移植未来有望成为1型糖尿病辅助治疗的方法,达到辅助改善胰岛功能的目的。     

儿童1型糖尿病胰岛素泵治疗长期随访的疗效观察

目的 比较1型糖尿病(T1DM)患儿应用持续皮下胰岛素输注(CSII)与每日多次皮下胰岛素注射(MDI)治疗对血糖控制的疗效差异.方法 回顾性收集91例应用CSII方式治疗1年以上T1DM患儿的临床资料,评估其糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)水平、糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)再发生情况,通过与75例应用MDI治疗的T1DM患儿...     

儿童青少年1型糖尿病合并乳糜泻研究现状

1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes mellitus,T1DM)和乳糜泻(celiac disease,CD)都是在环境因素参与下、遗传易感个体发生的自身免疫性疾病,与一般人群相比,T1DM儿童青少年CD的患病率明显升高。T1DM合并CD的儿童青少年大多缺乏典型CD症状,容易漏诊或误诊,延误治疗;更易出现低血糖...     

儿童青少年2型糖尿病

2型糖尿病是一类异质性疾病 ,是以胰岛素抵抗为主的胰岛素相对性缺乏 ,或胰岛素分泌受损为主的伴有或不伴有胰岛素抵抗所致的糖尿病 ,多发生在成人 ,但近年来因生活方式的变化 ,肥胖儿童的发病率明显增高 ,使儿童及青少年2型糖尿病发病率有逐年增高的趋势。遗传因素在发病中起着重要作用 ,肥胖、高血压及运动不足是 2型糖尿病的主要危险因素。流行病学2型糖尿病是一种全球性流行性疾病 ,最近世界卫生组织 (WHO)发布的资料表明 ,当前全球大约有 1 5亿的糖尿病患者 ,到 2 0 2 5年将达到 3亿人 ,增加的发病人数将主要分布在发展中国家。特别…     

持续皮下胰岛素输注在儿童1型糖尿病治疗中的应用

胰岛素泵(CSII)可减少严重低血糖、改善黎明现象、降低糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc),但花费大、有皮肤损害、活动时部分患者感觉不便。因此,需要更多、更经常和更严格的监测,进行糖尿病知识教育,掌握不当反而易发生糖尿病酮症酸中毒。建议选择适用患者为主动寻求降低血糖和HbAlc、寻求减少低血糖危险、寻求改善生活方式、愿意尝试CSII治疗和应有现实合理期望值的患者。同时他们应有良好的自我管理能力,按时随访,会计算碳水化合物,每日监测4次以上血糖,有可靠的成人监督,掌握CSII治疗的各项技术技能,能主动与糖尿病治疗专家沟通等。作者就1型糖尿病患儿CSII使用和调节剂量的方法进行介绍。     

Initiation of insulin glargine in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND: Glargine (Lantus) is a recently approved, long-acting insulin analog that is increasingly being used in children with diabetes. The aim of this retrospective chart review was to summarize our experience in starting glargine in children and adolescents with diabetes. SUBJECTS AND STUDY METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 71 children with type 1 diabetes (29 boys and 42 girls) who initiated glargine therapy to improve glycemic control between 1 June 2001 and 30 June 2002. Data were collected for 6 months before and 6 months after adding glargine. RESULTS: Subjects' mean age [+/-standard deviation (SD)] at diagnosis of diabetes was 7.5 +/- 4.1 yr. Mean age at initiation of glargine therapy was 11.5 +/- 4.9 yr. The total daily long-acting insulin dose decreased by about 20% after initiating glargine therapy. There were no significant differences in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood glucose control prior to and after initiating glargine therapy (HbA1c at baseline 8.9 +/- 1.6% and HbA1c after 6 months of glargine therapy was 8.9 +/- 1.5%). Overall, blood glucose concentrations did not differ significantly throughout the study. Patients who switched to glargine because of nocturnal hypoglycemia had a 65% decrease in nocturnal blood glucose reading less than 50 mg/dL. There were three seizures in the first week after initiating glargine therapy. CONCLUSION: This retrospective study suggests that glargine is at least as effective as other long-acting insulins but that care must be taken during the conversion process to avoid hypoglycemia.     

Sociodemographic and psychosocial factors associated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Cortina S, Repaske DR, Hood KK. Sociodemographic and psychosocial factors associated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Objective: To examine the role of sociodemographic factors and psychosocial adjustment in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) use among adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods: A total of 150 adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers completed measures of general psychological functioning, diabetes functioning, and stressful life events. Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) frequency and glycemic control were also assessed. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between CSII use and sociodemograpic and psychosocial factors. Results: All logistic regression models were significant, indicating a large proportion of the variance in CSII use was associated with sociodemographic, diabetes‐specific and psychosocial variables. Final models showed higher frequency of BGM and having private insurance as significant correlates of CSII use. CSII use was also associated with adolescent and caregiver reports of sharing of responsibilities around diabetes management and negative affect regarding BGM. Conclusions: Adolescents currently prescribed CSII therapy evidenced key differences from their counterparts using multiple daily injections (MDI) in insurance status, diabetes management behavior, and family functioning related to diabetes. Efforts to understand the role of family factors in the maintenance of CSII therapy with clinical indicators of CSII use may inform treatment effectiveness.     

The selection of children and adolescents for treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)

Abstract:  Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) was first introduced as a mode of treatment for persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in the late 1970s. Since that time, there have been many reports and reviews of this modality of treatment in adults and adolescents with diabetes and several reports of the use of this technology in the treatment of children with T1DM. Conflicting data have accumulated on the consistency of improvement in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and in the frequency of complications, most significantly that of hypoglycemia. Some studies report the findings of controlled randomized studies, but many of these studies were conducted on small numbers of highly selected patients. Some studies are prospective but not randomized, where subjects pre-CSII serve as their own controls. Yet other studies are retrospective reviews of children and adolescents who have been treated with CSII. This paper reviews what has been learned about patient selection and outcomes of CSII treatment, with the goal of outlining steps in the selection and preparation of patients for CSII that will facilitate optimum outcome.     

Factors associated with increased risk of insulin pump discontinuation in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes

de Vries L, Grushka Y, Lebenthal Y, Shalitin S, Phillip M. Factors associated with increased risk of insulin pump discontinuation in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Background: There are few reports on rates and predictors for pump discontinuation in the pediatric population. Objective: To study the rate of and predictors for insulin pump discontinuation among pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Medical chart review of 530 patients with type 1 diabetes who had started pump therapy between 2000 and 2008 in our center revealed that 11.3% had discontinued pump use after 3 d to 5 yr; of these, 9.1% discontinued pump use at least 3 months after initiation. Relevant data were retrieved from the files of these patients and from those of 100 randomly assigned pump‐treated patients. Results: The pump discontinuation group had a significantly higher proportion of female patients (75 vs. 46%, p = 0.001) and patients above 10 yr of age (93.8 vs. 80%, p = 0.03) than the reference group. Comparable findings were noted for age at diagnosis, pubertal stage, anthropometric data and duration of diabetes at pump initiation, rate of severe hypoglycemic and diabetic ketoacidosis episodes. There were no between‐group differences in number of daily insulin injections and blood glucose measurements before pump treatment. At pump initiation, HbA_1c was significantly higher in patients discontinuing pump therapy than in the controls (8.6 ± 1.4 vs. 8.1 ± 1.0, p = 0.02). This difference was maintained at the last follow‐up visit recorded. Conclusions: Almost 90% of our cohort maintained pump therapy. Female gender, age older than 10 years in girls and poor metabolic control at pump initiation were associated with higher risk for pump discontinuation – for such patients intensified individual and family support may serve to maximize persistent pump therapy.     

The impact of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

AIM: To study the impact of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy on health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: 31 children and adolescents with poorly regulated type 1 diabetes (mean HbA1c 10.4%, SD 1.8), mean age 14.4 (1.5) y (range 9.7-17.1) and mean diabetes duration of 6.8 (3.2) y (range 1.3-14.6) were consecutively assigned to CSII therapy. Data for generic (CHQ-CF87) and diabetes-specific quality of life (DQOL) were obtained before initiating pump therapy and twice during 15 mo of treatment. HbA1c, BMI and episodes of severe hypoglycaemia and ketoacidosis were recorded over 15 mo prior to and 15 mo during pump therapy. RESULTS: Analysis showed improvements on the family activity scale (p=0.041) and change in health score (p=0.042) (CHQ-CF87). Mean HbA1c decreased from 10.4% (1.8) to 9.0% (0.9) after 3 mo, increasing to 9.6% (1.2) after 15 mo. The number of overweight and obese children increased from 4 and 2 before CSII, to 6 and 3 after 15 mo (IOTF criteria). There was a reduction in severe hypoglycaemia episodes from 43.8 to 5.2 per 100 patient years, but no change in ketoacidosis episodes. CONCLUSION: The degree of limitation experienced by families due to adolescents' general health and well-being was significantly reduced. Expected improvement in metabolic control and frequency of severe hypoglycaemia was observed.     

常规注射胰岛素和胰岛素泵治疗的1型糖尿病儿童主观生活质量及影响因素研究

目的调查常规注射和使用胰岛素泵输注胰岛素两种治疗方式下1型糖尿病患儿的生活质量并探讨影响患儿生活质量的相关因素。方法采用儿少主观生活质量问卷和父母养育方式评价量表,对42例1型糖尿病患儿、26例健康儿童进行评测,并对影响患儿生活质量的相关指标进行多因素回归分析。结果糖尿病患儿生活质量低于健康儿童,采用胰岛素泵治疗患儿在学校生活、抑郁体验、焦虑体验、情感成分以及总体满意度上优于常规注射治疗患儿(P均<0.05)。糖尿病患儿较正常儿童更容易得到父母的关心理解和情感温暖,更容易受到父母的过度保护,其生活质量与父亲的情感温暖、关心理解以及采用的治疗方式密切相关。结论1型糖尿病患儿生活质量下降客观存在,父亲多给予患儿情感温暖和采用胰岛素泵有助提高患儿生活质量。     

Basal insulin switch from NPH to glargine in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Background:  Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analogue increasingly used instead of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in young subjects with type 1 diabetes.
Objective:  We evaluated the clinical course of diabetes in children and adolescents who were switched from NPH to insulin glargine.
Methods:  Between August 2003 and November 2004, a total of 76 subjects were switched to glargine in our clinic, treating 340 children with type 1 diabetes. All the subjects had been receiving insulin NPH, and their serum C-peptide levels had been non-detectable for at least 1 yr. Data were collected retrospectively, and 12–18 months after the change, experiences with glargine were inquired using a questionnaire. Seven subjects (9.2%) discontinued glargine before 12 months, and seven refused to participate.
Results:  Data for 62 subjects were analyzed. At the switch (0 months), their mean age was 12.7 yr (range 5.1–17.5), mean duration of diabetes was 6.7 yr (range 1.8–14.3), and mean hemoglobin A1c was (HbA1c) 9.2%. Twelve months later (+12 months), the mean HbA1c remained similar (9.2%), the proportion of long-acting insulin was smaller (47.7 vs. 58.1%; p < 0.001), and the daily insulin dose was lower (0.97 vs. 1.05 IU/kg; p < 0.001). The number of injections was lower at +12 months (17.7% with more than five injections vs. 64.5%; p < 0.001). No differences were seen in weight for height or the number of severe hypoglycemias. Most subjects who continued with glargine for ≥12 months considered glargine better than NPH.
Conclusions:  A switch to insulin glargine retains a similar glycemic control and does not change the number of severe hypoglycemias.