Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Atmospheric Pollution and Cause Analysis of Haze Events in Sichuan Basin,China

This study analyzed the spatio-temporal variability of air quality data for six standard air pollutants(Particulate Matter 2.5(PM_2.5), Particulate Matter 10(PM₁₀), SO₂, NO₂, CO, and O₃) in the Sichuan Basin(SCB), China from 2015 to 2018 in relation to the formation of haze using conventional meteorological data(temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity), satellite data(fire point data, vertical profiles of aerosol subtypes, and aerosol ...     

Regional Evolution Features and Coordinated Development Strategies for Northeast China

1 Introduction Northeast China consists of the three provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, this region has supported the whole country with huge quantity of grain, raw materials, primary products, and heavy industrial products at the cost of environment and resources, and thereafter became an old industrial base as well as an important marketable grain base in the whole country (Zhang et al., 2004). However, since the 19…     

Characteristics and cause analysis of heavy haze in Changchun City in Northeast China

Northeast China has been reported as having serious air pollution in China with increasing occurrences of severe haze episodes. Changchun City, as the center of Northeast China, has longstanding industry and is an important agricultural base. Additionally, Changchun City has a long winter requiring heating of buildings emitting pollution into the air. These factors contribute to the complexity of haze pollution in this area. In order to analyze the causes of heavy haze, surface air quality has been monitored from 2013 to 2015. By using satellite and meteorological data, atmospheric pollution status, spatio-temporal variations and formation have been analyzed. Results indicated that the air quality in 88.9% of days exceeding air quality index(AQI) level-1 standard(AQI 50) according to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard(NAAQS) of China. Conversely, 33.7% of the days showed a higher level with AQI 100. Extreme haze events(AQI 300) occurred frequently during agricultural harvesting period(from October 10 to November 10), intensive winter heating period(from Late-December to February) and period of spring windblown dust(April and May). Most daily concentrations of gaseous pollutants, i.e., NO_2(43.8 μg/m~3), CO(0.9 mg/m~3), SO_2(37.9 μg/m~3), and O_3(74.9 μg/m~3) were evaluated within level-1 concentration limits of NAAQS standards. However, particulate matter(PM_(2.5) and PM10) concentrations(67.3 μg/m~3 and 115.2 μg/m~3, respectively) were significantly higher than their level-1 limits. Severe haze in spring was caused by offsite transported dust and windblown surface soil. Heavy haze periods during fall and winter were mainly formed by intensive emissions of atmospheric pollutants and steady weather conditions(i.e., low wind speed and inversion layer). The overlay emissions of widespread straw burning and coal combustion for heating were the dominant factors contributing to haze in autumn, while intensive coal burning during the coldest time was the primary component of total emissions. In addition, general emissions including automobile exhaust, road and construction dust, residential and industrial activities, have significantly increased in recent years, making heavy haze a more frequent occurrence. Therefore, both improved technological strategies and optimized pollution management on a regional scale are necessary to minimize emissions in specified seasons in Changchun City, as well as comprehensive control measures in Northeast China.     

Spatiotemporal Variations and Regional Transport of Air Pollutants in Two Urban Agglomerations in Northeast China Plain

Characteristics of air pollution in Northeast China(NEC) received less research attention in the past comparing to other heavily polluted regions in China.Spatiotemporal variations of six criteria air pollutants(PM_(10), PM_(2.5), SO_2, NO_2, O_3 and CO) in Central Liaoning Urban Agglomeration(CLUA) and Harbin-Changchun Urban Agglomeration(HCUA) in NEC Plain were analyzed in this study based on three-year hourly observations of air pollutants and meteorological variables from 2015 to 2017.The results indicated that the annual mean concentrations of air pollutants are generally higher in the middle and southern regions in NEC Plain and lower in the northern region.Megacities such as Shenyang, Harbin and Changchun experience severe air pollution, with a three-year averaged air quality index(AQI) larger than 80, far exceeding the daily AQI standard at the first-level of 50 in China.The annual mean PM and SO_2 concentrations decrease most significantly in NEC urban agglomerations from 2015 to 2017, followed by CO and NO_2, while O_3 shows a slight increasing trend.All the six pollutants exhibit obvious seasonal and diurnal variations, and these variations are dictated by local emission and meteorological conditions.PM_(2.5) and O_3 concentrations in NEC urban agglomerations strongly depend on wind conditions.High O_3 concentrations at different cities usually occur in presence of strong winds but are independent on wind direction(WD), while high PM_(2.5) is usually accompanied by weak winds and poor dispersion condition, and sometimes also occur when the northerly or southerly winds are strong.Regional transport of air pollutants between NEC urban agglomerations is common.A severe haze event on November 1–4, 2017 is examined to demonstrate the role of regional transport on pollution.     

现今中国东北地区地震活动特征与趋势探讨

分析现今中国东北地区地震活动特征,得到几点结论性认识：1）从中国东北地区地震活动期的时间韵律特征和第5活动期的持续时间、地震次数等指标来看,现今中国东北地区地震活动第5活动期已经结束,2018年、2019年吉林松原5.7级、5.1级地震,或标志着中国东北地区进入了第6活动期。2）2013~2019年中国东北地区地震活动主体地区位于松辽盆地和大兴安岭地区,2个地区具有以大兴安岭与松辽盆地的分界线为轴迁移对跳的活动特征。分析5组迁移对跳轨迹认为,未来的地震具有向大兴安岭地区迁移的可能。3）以松辽盆地南缘为界,形成中国东北地区成对地震与非成对地震活动的分界线。1900年以来中国东北地区的成对地震主要发生在松辽盆地和大兴安岭地区,成对地震时间间隔为0.1~37.0个月,距离间隔最远至309.0 km,震级差最大为0.7级。松辽盆地和大兴安岭地区共发生27次5.0级以上地震,其中24次地震具有成对活动性质,成对地震发生率约为89%。成对地震中,发生在松辽盆地的占71%,发生在大兴安岭地区的占29%。成对地震活动规律在松辽盆地和大兴安岭地区具有普适性特征,可作为该区域的预测指标。4）对比2013~2015年和2015~2018年中国东北地区的面应变率结果可见,变化最为显著的区域位于松辽盆地中部,这个区域也是整个中国东北地区变化最为明显的区域,未来仍需关注该区域的地震危险性。5）松辽盆地仍将是中国东北地区浅源地震活动的主体地区。     

我国东北区域参考框架的空间关系时空特性研究

以东北地区2005～2018年近14 a的中国地壳运动观测网络数据为基础,采用三角划分方法构建相邻区域的基线时间序列,从频谱特征、残余共模误差、空间相对运动规律3个方面进行时空特征分析.结果表明,基线各分量的周期性影响主要以年周期和半年周期为主;基线之间的残余共模误差在平面方向的影响约为1.14 mm,垂直方向的影响最...     

Effects of the Northeast China Revitalization Strategy on Regional Economic Growth and Social Development

Measuring the economic and social effects of the Northeast China Revitalization Strategy is critical to addressing regional sustainable development in China. To shed light on this issue, an integrated perspective was adopted that is combined with the difference-in-differences method to measure the effects of the strategy on economic growth and social development in Northeast China. The findings suggest that the strategy has significantly improved regional economic growth and per-capita income by increasing its gross domestic product(GDP) and GDP per capita by 25.70% and 46.00%, respectively. However, the strategy has significantly worsened the regional employment in the secondary industry of the region. In addition, the strategy has not significantly improved regional infrastructural road, education investment or social security, and has had no significant effect on mitigating regional disparity. In addition, the policy effects are highly heterogeneous across cities based on city size and characteristics. Therefore, there is no simple answer regarding whether the Northeast China Revitalization Strategy has reached its original goals from an integrated perspective. The next phase of the strategy should emphasize improving research and development(RD) and human capital investments based on urban heterogeneity to prevent conservative path-dependency and the lock-in of outdated technologies.     

Terrane Tectonics in the Northeast Part of Northeast of China

As the members of Chinese Group of the international cooperative project of "Mineral Resources, Metallogenesis,and Tectonics of Northeast Asia", the authors had the opportunity to review the recent achievement of regional geology in this area. This paper is confined to a brief discussion of the nature, composition and evolution of terranes in a part of Northeast China. Nine terranes were recognized. A splicing pattern of when and how the amalgamation of 9 terranes into one microcontient is proposed here.     

Characteristics of Sand Dune Pattern and Fluvial-aeolian Interaction in Horqin Sandy Land,Northeast Plain of China

The interaction between fluvial and aeolian processes can significantly change surface morphology of the Earth. Taking the Horqin Sandy Land as the research area and using Landsat series satellite remote sensing images, this study utilizes geomorphology and landscape ecology to monitor and analyze the aeolian geomorphology characteristics of the Horqin Sandy Land. Results show that the sand dunes of the Horqin Sandy Land are mainly distributed on alluvial plains along the banks of the mainstream and tributaries of the Western Liao River, and the sand dune types tend to simplify from west to east and from south to north. The aeolian geomorphology coverage tend to be decreasing in the past 40 years, with an average annual change rate of 0.31%. While the area of traveling dunes decreased, the area of fixed and semi-fixed dunes increased. The fractal dimensions of various types of sand dune have all remained relatively constant between 1.07 and 1.10, suggesting that they are experiencing a relatively stable evolutionary process. There is a complex interaction between fluvial and aeolian processes of the Horqin Sandy Land, which plays a central role in surface landscape molding. Sand dunes on both sides of different rivers on the Horqin Sandy Land present certain regularity and different characteristics in terms of morphology, developmental scale, and spatial pattern. There are six fluvial-aeolian interaction modes in this area: supply of sand sources by rivers for sand dune development, complete obstruction of dune migration by rivers, partial obstruction of dune migration by rivers, influence of river valleys on dune developmental types on both sides, influence of river valleys on dune developmental scale on both sides, and river diversion due to obstruction and forcing by sand dunes. This study deepens our understanding of the surface process mechanism of the interaction between fluvial and aeolian processes in semi-arid regions, and provides a basis for researches on regional landscape responses in the context of global environmental change.     

The Cenozoic Volcanoes in Northeast China

1　ＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄＥｖｅｎｎｏｆａｓｃｉｎａｔｉｎｇｖｏｌｃａｎｉｃｅｒｕｐｔｉｏｎｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｎｍｏｄｅｒｎｔｉｍｅｓ ,ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｙＣｅｎｏｚｏｉｃｖｏｌｃａ ｎｏｅｓａｎｄｖｏｌｃａｎｉｃｒｏｃｋｓｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎｃｏｎｔｉ ｎｅｎｔｍａｒｇｉｎａｎｄｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＴｉｂｅｔａｎｐｌａｔｅａｕ .Ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｔｈｅｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｖｏｌｃａｎｉｃａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄｉｎｎｏｒｔ…     

The Cenozoic Volcanoes in Northeast China

There are more than 600 Cenozoic volcanic cones and craters with about 50 000 km2 of lava flows in northeast Chi-na, which formed many volcanic clusters and shown the features of the continental rift-type volcanoes. Most volcanic activi-ties in this area, especially in the east part of Songliao graben, were usually controlled by rifts and faults with the main direc-tion of NE / NNE in parallel and become younger from the central graben towards its both sides, especially to the east conti-nental margin. It is revealed that the volcanism occurred in northeast China was as strong as that occurred in Japan during the Miocene and the Quaternary. The Quaternary basalt that is usually distributed along river valley is called "valley basalt" while Neogene basalt usually distributed in the top of mounts is called "high position basalt". These volcanoes and volcanic rocks are usually composed of alkaline basalts with ultramafic inclusions, except Changbaishan volcano that is built by tra-chyte and pantellerite.     

湖南省主要内生成矿事件的构造格局控矿特征及动力机制

湖南省内生矿产资源丰富,内生成矿事件主要有加里东期(以志留纪为主)、印支晚期(晚三叠世)、燕山中晚期(晚侏罗世-早白垩世)等3期。以区域矿产资料为基础,结合大地构造、成岩成矿年龄、矿床成因机制等研究成果,对上述3期内生成矿事件的构造格局控矿特征和动力机制进行探讨。①受加里东运动自东南向西北扩展以及深部岩石圈结构差异控制,加里东期湖南省自东南往西北分为成矿特征有别的3个构造带。湘中-湘东南构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)发生后碰撞花岗质岩浆活动,于局部产生与岩浆活动相关的W、萤石等成矿作用;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)东部的雪峰冲断带(Ⅱ1)形成了以构造活化成因为主的金矿和锑金矿;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)西部的武陵低缓褶皱带(Ⅱ2)及湘西北构造抬升带(Ⅲ)内形成了与寒武纪同沉积断裂活动、加里东运动后的伸展活动以及相应的热液活动有关的汞铅锌矿。②印支晚期受深部岩石圈结构差异控制,湖南省自东南至西北分为3个构造带:湘中-湘东南构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)因后碰撞减压熔融而发生大规模花岗质岩浆活动,从而于其东南部形成钨锡铅锌多金属矿床,西北部形成锑金钨多金属矿床;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)可能无内生热液成矿作用;湘西北褶皱带(Ⅲ)发育小型脉型铅锌矿。③燕山中晚期,湖南省自东南往西北分为3个构造带:湘中-湘东构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)受岩石圈拆沉、软流圈上隆、陆内碰撞后期增温减压、俯冲板块崩塌等深部构造作用控制而发生大规模花岗质岩浆活动,形成了大量的有色金属矿床和金矿床;雪峰西部构造带(Ⅱ)成矿作用弱,局部存在Au、Hg成矿作用;湘西北褶皱带(Ⅲ)发育少量低温热液充填型萤石矿和砷矿。     

The Cenozoic Volcanoes in Northeast China

There are more than 600 Cenozoic volcanic cones and craters with abeut 50 000 km2of lava flows in northeast China, which formed many volcanic clusters and shown the features of the continental rift - type volcanoes. Most volcanic activities in this area, especially in the east part of Songliao graben, were usually controlled by rifts and faults with the main direction of NE / NNE in parallel and become younger from the central graben towards its both sides, especially to the east continental margin. It is revealed that the volcanism occurred in northeast China was as strong as that occurred in Japan during the Miocene and the Quaternary. The Quaternary basalt that is usually distributed along river valley is called "valley basalt"while Neogene basalt usually distributed in the top of mounts is called "high position basalt". These volcanoes and volcanic rocks are usually composed of alkaline basalts with ultramafic inclusions, except Changbaishan volcano that is built by trachyte and pantellerite.     

CENOZOIC VOLCANISM AND GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES IN NORTHEAST CHINA

1 INTRODUCTION Northeast China is located in the eastern marginal part of Eurasian plate. There are about 700 Cenozoic volcanoes and about 50 000km2 volcanic rocks in Northeast China. The Cenozoic volcanism is related to the Pacific plate subducting, back-arc spreading and corresponding marginal continental rifting. About 700 Cenozoic volcanoes in Northeast China are concentrated at some places, so Shuangliao, Keluo, Wudalianchi, Yitong, Shulan, Shangzhi, Longgang, Jingbo Lake, …     

Multiple Spatial Scale Analysis of the Niche Characteristics of the Rhododendron dauricum Plant Communities in Northeast China

This study aims to verify the concept of niches at multiple spatial scales in plant communities. To this end, we analyzed the niche characteristic of Rhododendron dauricum plant communities in Northeast China at three spatial scales. At the local scale, we calculated the Importance Value(IV) of species in five communities in the north of the Da Hinggan Mountains. At the intermediate scale, we examined five communities in their entirety, calculated the niche breadth of the species, and integrated niche overlap and interspecific association to analyze interspecific relationships. Further, the generalized additive model(GAM) was used to analyze the impact of topography and soil factors on niche characteristics. At the regional scale, we analyzed the geographical distribution of dominant species of R. dauricum plant communities in Northeast China and used principal component analysis(PCA) to analyze the impact of geographical and climate factors on species distribution. The results show that at the local scale, the IV of the species in each community varies widely. At the intermediate scale, species with a wide niche breadth tend to have a high value for IV. Larix gmelinii, Betula platyphylla, R. dauricum, Ledum palustre, and Vaccinium vitis-idaea had a relatively wide niche breadth and a high niche overlap, and the interspecific associations were almost all positive. Elevation and soil nutrients were the most dominant environmental factors. At the regional scale, species with a wide niche breadth tend to have a wide range of distribution, and temperature and precipitation were the most dominant environmental factors. This study suggests that the niche characteristics at three scales are both related and different. Niche characteristics at the local scale were various and labile, and niche characteristics at the intermediate and regional scales were relatively regular. These results show some degree of consistency with previous studies from an evolutionary perspective. The action mechanisms of these communities are related to differences in the dominant environmental factors. In addition, the integration of niche overlap and interspecific association determine interspecific relationships more accurately.     

Genetic types and characteristics of ground ice in Northeast China

１ＧＥＮＥＴＩＣＴＹＰＥＳＯＦＧＲＯＵＮＤＩＣＥＩＮＣＨＩＮＡＧｒｏｕｎｄｉｃｅｉｓｗｅｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｖｉｃｉｎｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｐｅｒｍａｆｒｏｓｔｌｉｍｉｔｉｎｔｈｅＥｕｒａｓｉａｎｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔ,ｉｎｔｈｅｎ...     

中国东北黑龙江杂岩体蓝闪石片岩岩石学研究(英文)

黑龙江杂岩主要由蓝闪石片岩构成,蓝闪石片岩主要包括绿帘石、绿泥石、钠长石、钠质角闪石、多硅白云母和石英以及为数不多的榍石、钛铁矿和黑硬绿泥石。其中,钠质角闪石包括蓝闪石和镁质钠闪石。变质条件的压力(P)温度(T)评价条件为400~425℃和0.69~0.86 MPa,对应岩相为绿帘蓝闪石片岩相。黑龙江杂岩蓝闪石片岩的地球化学研究表明,其原岩是可与洋岛型(OIB)玄武岩和一些洋中脊型(E-MORB)玄武岩相对比的大洋玄武岩,这说明黑龙江杂岩蓝闪石片岩的玄武岩原岩是在海底山或者在大洋隆起条件下由富集源形成的;具有洋岛型玄武岩地球化学特征的变质玄武岩以及富锰的变质燧石、大理石、变质硬砂岩和蛇绿岩鳞片的加入证明黑龙江杂岩是消减—增生杂岩,它含有变形洋壳的碎块和在被改造的前震旦纪佳木斯岩体西边缘上形成于侏罗纪的增生楔岩石;黑龙江杂岩在原岩成分上可与活动大陆边缘许多增生的杂岩相当。     

中国长江流域洪涝灾害和持续性暴雨的发生特征及成因

主要综述了最近关于中国长江流域洪涝灾害和持续性暴雨发生特征和成因的研究。表明:长江流域洪涝灾害和持续性暴雨的发生频率非常高,并给经济造成了严重损失,长江流域洪涝灾害发生不仅具有准两年周期的年际变化,而且具有明显的年代际变化,从1977年之后,长江流域洪涝灾害和持续性暴雨增多;并且,表明了无论是长江中、下游地区或是长江上游的川东地区持续性暴雨都是在"鞍"型大尺度环流系统的配置下发生,这是由于这种大尺度环流系统的配置不仅利于水汽输送到长江中、下游地区或上游的川东地区,而且利于在"鞍"型中心地区产生垂直对流不稳定,从而引起暴雨中尺度系统的发展。此外,还综述了长江流域洪涝灾害和持续性暴雨发生的成因的研究,这些研究表明了长江流域洪涝灾害和持续性暴雨发生的年际和年代际变化是与大气-海洋-陆面耦合的东亚季风气候系统的变异密切相关。     

Volcanism and Oil & Gas In Northeast China

Based on study on the relation with volcanic rock and oil & gas in Songliao Basin and Liaohe Basin in northeast China, author proposes that material from deep by volcanism enrichs the resources in basins, that heat by volcanism promotes organic matter transforming to oil and gas, that volcanic reservoir is fracture, vesicular, solution pore, intercrystal pore.Lava facies and pyroclastic facies are favourable reservoir. Mesozoic volcanic reservoir is majority of intermediate, acid rock,but Cenozoic volcanic reservoir is majority of basalt. Types of oil and gas pool relating to volcanic rock include volcanic fracture pool, volcanic unconformity pool, volcanic rock - screened pool, volcanic darpe structural pool.