警惕产蛋鸡脑脊髓炎的流行

禽脑脊髓炎（AE）又称流行性震颤,病原为禽脑脊髓炎病毒（Avian encephalomyelitis virus,AEV）,属微RNA病毒目（Picornavirales）微RNA病毒科（Picornaviridae）震颤病毒属（Tremovirus）成员。     

禽脑脊髓炎病毒与其他小RNA病毒基因组序列比较分析

利用生物信息学方法对在基因文库中有完整注释信息的禽脑脊髓炎病毒(AEV)和其他小RNA病毒进行了基因组结构比较,发现小RNA病毒基因组结构的共性和个性;利用DNAMAN 5.0软件对小RNA病毒进行了基因组和蛋白多序列比对,并建立了蛋白质系统进化树。结果表明,AEV与甲肝病毒(HAV)的基因组结构最为相似;它们的基因组序列和蛋白序列的同源性最大,蛋白系统进化树的构建更进一步证明AEV与HAV的亲源关系最近;另外,经多序列比对发现猪肠道病毒A、鸭小RNA病毒TW90A型与猿猴小RNA病毒1型三者之间具有最大的序列同源性,并处于同一个进化树分枝,因此,建议将它们划分为一个新的小RNA病毒属,同时也为其他小RNA病毒科属种的划分提供了参考。     

应用原位杂交检测禽脑脊髓炎病毒

禽脑脊髓炎病毒(AEV)是属于小RNA病毒科、肠病毒属的一种正链RNA病毒，病毒粒子具有六边形轮廓，无囊膜，大小为22～25nm，病毒基因组全长为7055nt，具有PloyA尾，它主要侵害幼鸡中枢神经系统，从而引起以非化脓性脑炎为主要病理特征的一种病毒性传染病。由于AEV致病性     

VP1蛋白可作为禽脑脊髓炎病毒的有效保护性免疫原

禽脑脊髓炎病毒（AEV）是一种重要的家禽病原，是一种小核糖核酸病毒。英国科学家通过重组病毒VP1，VP0，VP3蛋白在杆状病毒系统中的表达研究了禽脑脊髓炎病毒结构蛋白的保护性免疫诱导。体内保护实验表明，VP1蛋白是一个针对禽脑脊髓炎病毒的主要宿主保护性免疫原，病毒中和试验进一步表明，     

禽脑脊髓炎的防控及研究进展

禽脑脊髓炎（AE）是主要侵害雏鸡的病毒性传染病,以共济失调和快速震颤为特征,该病传播迅速,既可垂直传播,又可水平传播,危害极大。该病病原为禽脑脊髓炎病毒（AEV）,病毒为RNA病毒。     

种鸡场不可忽视鸡传染性脑脊髓炎

鸡传染性脑脊髓炎(Avian Encephalomyelitis,AE)是由鸡传染性脑脊髓炎病毒(AEV)引起的病毒性传染病。其中AEV为小RNA病毒科,肠道病毒属。1930年AE在美国首次被发现,50年代中期第一次报道通过疫苗免疫接种成功控制了该疾病的流行。一般采取对种鸡进行疫苗免疫接种措施,诱导鸡群产生有效的免疫保护力,从而防止病毒经种蛋传播途径进行扩散。母鸡可经卵黄将抗体传递给子代,母源抗     

商品蛋鸡要严防禽脑脊髓炎

正禽脑脊髓炎(AE)自1930年在美国首次报道之后,现已遍及世界各地,当时多是雏鸡发病,后来由于种鸡加强了禽脑脊髓炎的免疫,蛋雏鸡早期获得较好母源抗体保护不至于发病,而产蛋鸡由于无禽脑脊髓炎疫苗的免疫,发病日趋严重,已成为危害家禽业的又一大隐患。现将禽脑脊髓炎病毒在蛋鸡上流行特点、临床症状进行分析,提醒广大蛋鸡养殖朋友加强禽脑脊髓炎的防控,减少经济损失。一、病原特点禽脑脊髓炎病毒(AEV)属于小RNA病毒目小     

禽脑脊髓炎研究进展

禽脑脊髓炎是小核糖核酸(RNA)病毒科肠病毒属的禽脑脊髓炎病毒引起的一种以侵害幼鸡为主的急性、高度接触性传染病。本病呈世界性分布。对养禽业尤其是种禽饲养业造成极大危害。本文就禽脑脊髓炎病毒的基因结构、致病机理、免疫等问题作简要综述。     

疑似猪传染性脑脊髓炎的诊治

猪传染性脑脊髓炎是由猪传染性脑脊髓炎病毒引起的一种传染病。病毒属肠道病毒（Enterovirus），呈球状，直径25-30nm，无囊膜，含单股RNA。     

禽脑脊髓炎的防治

<正>禽脑脊髓炎是禽脑脊髓炎病毒(AEV)侵害幼龄禽的一种病毒性传染病。该病可感染任何年龄禽,1~2周龄雏禽临床症状明显,3周龄以上的禽虽可感染却很少有症状。该病以共济失调和头颈震颤为特征,故又称流行性震颤。由于该病既可水平传播,也可垂直传播,使雏禽淘汰率高,成年禽产蛋率下降,严重影响养禽业的健康发展。一、病原其病原为禽脑脊髓炎病毒。属于小RNA病毒科中的肠道病毒,无囊膜。该病毒对氯仿、酸、胰蛋白酶等有抵抗力。二、流行特点该病毒对乙醚、胰蛋白酶和去氧     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.