高光谱图像分类的融合分层深度网络联合稀疏表示算法

在高光谱图像分类领域中每个像素的局部邻域一旦包含来自不同类别的样本,联合稀疏表示将受邻域内字典原子与测试样本之间同谱异类的影响,严重降低分类性能.根据高光谱图像的特点,文中提出融合分层深度网络的联合稀疏表示算法.在光谱和空间特征学习之间交替提取判别性光谱信息和空间信息,构建兼具空谱特征的学习字典,用于联合稀疏表示.在分类过程中将学习字典与测试样本间的相关系数与分类误差融合并决策.在两个高光谱遥感数据集上的实验验证文中算法的有效性.     

结合空间-光谱调制及图像分割的多光谱图像融合方法

为了进一步提高多光谱(MS)图像与全色(PAN)图像之间的融合质量,平衡空间细节的注入与光谱信息的保持,提出了一种基于局部自适应空间-光谱调制与图像协同分割的融合方法.该方法利用k-means算法、根据MS图像的光谱特性进行图像分割,得到不同的连通体组,进而基于局部连通体组构建了局部自适应光谱调制(LASpeM)系数和局部自适应空间调制(LASpaM)系数,分别对融合图像中的光谱与空间信息进行调制;其中,LASpeM系数的构建基于MS和PAN图像中的细节提取以及MS波段之间的光谱关系, LASpaM系数的构建则基于MS和低分辨率PAN图像之间光谱特性的局部差异及相关性.另外,引入融合与分割的协同思想,利用图像分割来优化融合结果,并根据融合结果的反馈信息对分割算法的参数进行调整.在Matlab环境下,采用2个卫星GeoEye-1和QuickBird数据集进行融合实验,结果表明,文中方法在主观视觉与客观评价指标方面总体上优于7种经典及流行的融合方法,能够平衡融合图像的空间信息注入和光谱信息保持,有效地减少光谱扭曲.     

基于独立空谱残差融合的联合稀疏表示高光谱图像分类

针对高光谱图像分类中存在的空间信息与光谱信息融合问题,提出一种基于独立空谱残差融合的联合稀疏表示高光谱图像分类算法。使用类独立的光谱角初分类图像,获得像元初始标记后按特定条件进行筛选再构造像元邻域空间。提取图像的全局空间信息,并将其引入到空谱联合稀疏表示模型中,使用单独的光谱信息字典与空间信息字典分别进行图像光谱与空间的联合稀疏表示残差计算。在此基础上,使用残差融合算法确定图像类别。实验结果表明,相对SVM、KNN等算法,该算法能够提升高光谱图像的分类精度,且分类结果更稳定。     

基于稀疏表示和词袋模型的高光谱图像分类

为增强高光谱图像稀疏表示分类方法中稀疏字典的表征能力并充分利用高光谱图像的光谱信息和空间信息,提出了一种新的基于稀疏表示和词袋模型的高光谱遥感图像分类方法。首先利用词袋模型算法结合高光谱遥感图像数据集生成各类别专业码本,作为字典中对应的原子构造稀疏表示字典。在计算每个像元的对应稀疏表示字典中的稀疏表示特征时,利用空间连续性约束对像元的稀疏表示系数进行空间维的约束。最后根据最小重构误差实现高光谱图像分类。高光谱遥感数据实验结果表明:所提方法能有效提高分类效果,并且其分类精度和Kappa系数都优于其他稀疏表示方法以及单独使用光谱信息的方法。     

可解译深度网络的多光谱遥感图像融合

目的 多光谱图像融合是遥感领域中的重要研究问题,变分模型方法和深度学习方法是目前的研究热点,但变分模型方法通常采用线性先验构建融合模型,难以描述自然场景复杂非线性关系,导致成像模型准确性较低,同时存在手动调参的难题;而主流深度学习方法将融合过程当做一个黑盒,忽视了真实物理成像机理,因此,现有融合方法的性能依然有待提升。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种基于可解译深度网络的多光谱图像融合方法。方法 首先构建深度学习先验描述融合图像与全色图像之间的关系,基于多光谱图像是融合图像下采样结果这一认知构建数据保真项,结合深度学习先验和数据保真项建立一种新的多光谱图像融合模型,提升融合模型准确性。采用近端梯度下降法对融合模型进行求解,进一步将求解步骤映射为具有明确物理成像机理的可解译深度网络架构。结果 分别在Gaofen-2和GeoEye-1遥感卫星仿真数据集,以及QuickBird遥感卫星真实数据集上进行了主客观对比实验。相对于经典方法,本文方法的主观视觉效果有了显著提升。在Gaofen-2和GeoEye-1遥感卫星仿真数据集,相对于性能第2的方法,本文方法的客观评价指标全局相对无量纲误差(relat...     

用于多光谱和高光谱图像融合的联合自注意力Transformer

目的 将高光谱图像和多光谱图像进行融合，可以获得具有高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率的光谱图像，提升光谱图像的质量。现有的基于深度学习的融合方法虽然表现良好，但缺乏对多源图像特征中光谱和空间长距离依赖关系的联合探索。为有效利用图像的光谱相关性和空间相似性，提出一种联合自注意力的Transformer网络来实现多光谱和高光谱图像融合超分辨。方法 首先利用联合自注意力模块，通过光谱注意力机制提取高光谱图像的光谱相关性特征，通过空间注意力机制提取多光谱图像的空间相似性特征，将获得的联合相似性特征用于指导高光谱图像和多光谱图像的融合；随后，将得到的融合特征输入到基于滑动窗口的残差Transformer深度网络中，探索融合特征的长距离依赖信息，学习深度先验融合知识；最后，特征通过卷积层映射为高空间分辨率的高光谱图像。结果 在CAVE和Harvard光谱数据集上分别进行了不同采样倍率下的实验，实验结果表明，与对比方法相比，本文方法从定量指标和视觉效果上，都取得了更好的效果。本文方法相较于性能第二的方法EDBIN （enhanced deep blind iterative network），在CAVE数据集上峰值信噪比提高了0.5 dB，在Harvard数据集上峰值信噪比提高了0.6 dB。结论 本文方法能够更好地融合光谱信息和空间信息，显著提升高光谱融合超分图像的质量。     

基于结构组稀疏表示的遥感图像融合

目的 稀疏表示在遥感图像融合上取得引人注目的良好效果,但由于经典稀疏表示没有考虑图像块与块之间的相似性,导致求解出的稀疏系数不够准确及字典学习的计算复杂度高。为提高稀疏表示遥感图像融合算法的效果和快速性,提出一种基于结构组稀疏表示的遥感图像融合方法。方法 首先,将相似图像块组成结构组,再通过组稀疏表示算法分别计算亮度分量和全色图像的自适应组字典和组稀疏系数;然后,根据绝对值最大规则进行全色图像稀疏系数的部分替换得到新的稀疏系数,利用全色图像的组字典和新的稀疏系数重构出高空间分辨率亮度图像;最后,应用通用分量替换（GCOS）框架计算融合后的高分辨率多光谱图像。结果 针对3组不同类型遥感图像的全色图像和多光谱图像分别进行了退化和未退化遥感融合实验,实验结果表明：在退化融合实验中,本文方法的相关系数、均方根误差、相对全局融合误差、通用图像质量评价指标和光谱角等评价指标比传统的融合算法更优越,其中相对全局融合误差分别是2.326 1、1.888 5和1.816 8均远低于传统融合算法;在未退化融合实验中,除了在绿色植物融合效果上略差于AWLP（additive wavelet luminance proportional）方法外,其他融合结果仍占有优势。与经典稀疏表示方法相比,由于字典学习的优越性,计算复杂度上要远低于经典稀疏表示的遥感图像融合算法。结论 本文算法更能保持图像的光谱特性和空间信息,适用于不同类型遥感图像的全色图像和多光谱图像融合。     

基于图正则自适应联合协同表示的高光谱图像分类

针对由于空间信息利用不充分而导致的高光谱图像分类精度较低的问题,提出一种基于图正则自适应联合协同表示的高光谱图像分类算法.首先,采用双边滤波操作对高光谱图像进行空间信息提取,以充分挖掘每个像素的空间信息;其次,在联合协同表示的目标函数中引入图正则约束项,以保持高光谱数据的流形结构;再次,一方面利用图像分割来自适应调整空间邻域的形状,另一方面通过对中心像素的空间近邻赋予不同的权重,提出一种自适应空间-光谱特征融合策略;最后,基于误差最小原则,给出测试样本的类别标签.在两个高光谱数据集上的实验结果表明,所提出算法的整体分类精度分别达到98.50%和97.30%.     

基于背景字典构造的稀疏表示高光谱目标检测

针对现有基于稀疏表示的目标检测算法采用同心双窗口构建背景字典的过程中,目标像元将会对背景字典产生干扰的问题,提出基于背景字典构造的稀疏表示高光谱目标检测算法.该算法将高光谱图像分解成低秩背景和稀疏目标,引入目标字典作为稀疏目标的先验信息,更好地分离目标和背景,构建纯净背景字典.通过在4个公开高光谱图像数据集上仿真分析,...     

自适应权重注入机制遥感图像融合

目的 遥感图像融合是将一幅高空间分辨率的全色图像和对应场景的低空间分辨率的多光谱图像,融合成一幅在光谱和空间两方面都具有高分辨率的多光谱图像。为了使融合结果在保持较高空间分辨率的同时减轻光谱失真现象,提出了自适应的权重注入机制,并针对上采样图像降质使先验信息变得不精确的问题,提出了通道梯度约束和光谱关系校正约束。方法 使用变分法处理遥感图像融合问题。考虑传感器的物理特性,使用自适应的权重注入机制向多光谱图像各波段注入不同的空间信息,以处理多光谱图像波段间的差异,避免向多光谱图像中注入过多的空间信息导致光谱失真。考虑到上采样的图像是降质的,采用局部光谱一致性约束和通道梯度约束作为先验信息的约束,基于图像退化模型,使用光谱关系校正约束更精确地保持融合结果的波段间关系。结果 在Geoeye和Pleiades卫星数据上同6种表现优异的算法进行对比实验,本文提出的模型在2个卫星数据上除了相关系数CC（correlation coefficient）和光谱角映射SAM（spectral angle mapper）评价指标表现不够稳定,偶尔为次优值外,在相对全局误差ERGAS（erreur relative globale adimensionnelle de synthèse）、峰值信噪比PSNR（peak signal-to-noise ratio）、相对平均光谱误差RASE（relative average spectral error）、均方根误差RMSE（root mean squared error）、光谱信息散度SID（spectral information divergence）等评价指标上均为最优值。结论 本文模型与对比算法相比,在空间分辨率提升和光谱保持方面都取得了良好效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.