Thermodynamics of iron oxide in Fe x O-dilute CaO+Al2O3+Fe x O fluxes at 1873 K

The distribution of iron between Fe _x O-dilute CaO+Al₂O₃+Fe _x O fluxes and Pt+Fe alloys, as well as the redox equilibrium of iron ions in these fluxes, was experimentally investigated in pressure-controlled CO₂/CO gas at 1873 K. Total iron content in flux (pct Fe ^T ) and the ratio of (pct Fe²⁺) to (pct Fe ^T ) in fluxes with constant can be related to the activity of iron, α _Fe, and the partial pressure of oxygen, a _Fe, using the following equation:

Thermodynamics of iron oxide in FexO‐dilute CaO + Al2O3 + SiO2 + FexO slags at 1873 K

The ferrous and ferric ion capacities, and , for the slag of CaO + Al₂O₃ + SiO₂ are determined at 1873 K by means of the distribution equilibrium of iron between Fe_xO dilute slags of the system and Pt + Fe alloys under a controlled atmosphere. Compared with the values of for CaO + Al₂O₃ binary slag at a constant ratio of Al₂O₃ to decreases with an increase in SiO₂ content. Nearly linear relationships are observed between the logarithm of the ferrous and ferric ion capacities and the optical basicity. Applying these capacities, the relationship between (%Fe^T) and PO₂ under iron saturation, as well as the iron redox equilibrium in slag in relation to the optical basicity were discussed.     

铁矿石中SiO_2,CaO,MgO,Al_2O_3的系统分析

以过氧化钠为熔剂 ,于铁坩埚内进行快速熔融试样 ,熔块以水浸取 ,硝酸溶解盐类 ,对铁矿石、球团矿、烧结矿中二氧化硅、氧化钙、氧化镁、三氧化二铝进行系统分析。与国家标准方法相比 ,本法具有操作简便 ,准确性好 ,速度快 ,成本低 ,测定范围宽等特点     

A thermodynamic study of the system CaO + Al2O3 + FexO at 1673 K

Electrochemical measurements of the solid-oxide galvanic cell: Mo/Mo + MoO₂/ZrO₂(MgO)/(CaO + Al₂O₃ + Fe_xO) + Fe(s) + Ag/Fe have been conducted at 1673 K in order to obtain the activities of Fe_xO) in CaO + Al₂O₃ + Fe_xO slags. By using the activity data for Fe_xO, the isothermal section of the phase diagram for the system CaO + Al₂O₃ + Fe_xO was derived.     

Experimental Study on the Thermodynamics of the CaO-SiO2-Ce2O3 System at 1873 K

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - The phase relations in the CaO-SiO2-Ce2O3 system under the reducing atmosphere at 1873 K were determined by the conventional equilibrium and quenching...     

CaO—Al2O3—CaF2—SiO2—MgO五元精炼渣系的起泡性能

采用二次回归正交试验方法测定了１５３０℃下ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＣａＦ２－ＳｉＯ２－ＭｇＯ五元精炼渣系的起泡性能。得出炉渣起泡指数与炉渣光学碱度、渣中Ａｌ２Ｏ３及ＣａＦ２含量间的回归方程。结果表明：炉渣的光学碱度和ＣａＦ２含量对起泡指数有较大影响,而Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量对起泡指数影响很小。具有最佳发泡性能的炉渣成分中ＣａＯ,Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＣａＦ２,ＳｉＯ２,ＭｇＯ的质量分数分别为：４４．０６％,３０．００％,７．００％,８．９４％,１０％。研究结果还表明：炉渣起泡指数与炉渣粘度成正比,而与表面张力和密度的平方根成反比。     

MgO对烧结矿CaO-Fe2O3系初期液相生成的影响

为了研究MgO对烧结过程中CaO Fe2O3系初期液相生成的影响及作用机理,通过DSC研究了不同MgO含量试样在升温过程中液相生成的变化,并通过XRD确定液相生成前MgO对矿物组成的影响。结果表明,试样中MgO含量的增加使得升温过程中初期液相生成量减少,但是初期液相的生成温度没有明显变化。MgO对初期液相的抑制分为两种方式,一种为MgO与Fe2O3反应生成含镁磁铁矿,另一种为MgO添加导致CaFe2O4分解。这两种方式都使CaO含量升高,促进了高熔点矿物Ca2Fe2O5和含镁磁铁矿的生成,导致液相量降低。通过研究MgO对初期液相生成的影响,为烧结矿中合理添加含镁熔剂提供理论基础。     

Al/Fe2O3反应合成材料热力学

运用CALPHAD技术，基于多组元多相复杂平衡体系的吉布斯自由能最小化原理，用大型集成数据库F^*A^*C^*T系统，考察了铝和氧化铁经典反应体系的热力学规律。针对材料的反应合成技术，计算了化学计量铝和氧化铁体系以及各种产物中物种的相变情况；分析了原料初始温度、配料比和SiO2含量对绝热温度和平衡组成的影响。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定矾土中硅、铁、钾、钙、钛、锰、铝、镁、磷等氧化物含量

建立了X射线荧光光谱法测定矾土中硅、铁、钾、钙、钛、锰、铝、镁、磷等氧化物的方法。以四硼酸锂做熔剂、溴化锂做脱模剂制备玻璃熔片 ,以标准物质和高纯试剂制备标准片做校正曲线 ,并对吸收增强效应和光谱重叠做出校正。通过测定标准样品进行比较 ,本法没有显著性差异。回收率为 86.7%～ 10 6.2 %。     

烧结矿中CaO，MgO，Al2O3的湿法滴定分析

采用混合熔剂快速熔融试样,盐酸低温溶解熔球,1．5ml硝酸充分溶解,制备母液．分别移取3份母液,以钙指示剂为指示剂,加入少量Mg^2＋,EDAT标准溶液滴定CaO;以铬黑T为指示剂,EDAT标准溶液滴定MgO;以PAN指示剂,用硫酸铜标准溶液滴定Al2O3,滴定终点均突变明显．本法具备快速、准确、设备简单、分析成本低的特点,效果良好,特别适用于小型工厂实验室的日常分析．并在生产中已得到了应用．     

X-射线荧光光谱法测定磷矿中五氧化二磷、氧化钙、三氧化二铁、氧化铝、氧化镁和二氧化硅

采用四硼酸锂和偏硼酸锂混合熔剂[m(Li2B4O7)∶m(LiBO2)=12∶22]熔融磷矿样品制成玻璃样片,用波长色散X-射线荧光光谱仪测定样片中P2O5,CaO,Fe2O3,Al2O3,MgO和SiO2含量。用磷矿标样经同法测定并对测定结果进行理论α系数校正后绘制工作曲线。用本法对一试样测定11次,得到各组分的相对标准偏差小于1.2%。本法已用于磷矿样品分析,测定结果与化学法一致。     

Mass Spectrometry Measurements of CaF2 and CaO Activities in CaF2–CaO–Al2O3 Slags at 1700K

Abstract

Differential measurements were made using multiple effusion cells coupled to a mass spectrometer. This technique allows direct comparison between vapours produced by slags of various composition from which component activities can be deduced. Measurements were carried out on the CaF₂–CaO–Al₂O₃ system at 1600 K and 1700 K. CaF₂ and CaO activities were independently determined. Results show that the strong interaction between CaO and Al₂O₃ is not greatly affected by CaF₂ up to 60 wt %. The system exhibits a tendency to immiscibility between CaF₂ rich slags and CaF₂ lean slags with an Al₂O₃/CaO ratio close to unity or higher. This may be the result of a maximum interaction between CaO and Al₂O₃ for binary mixtures, the compositions of which correspond to Al₂O₅^4? ions or more likely AlO₂^?.

Résumé

Des mesures differentielles on été faites à l'aide de cellules d'effusion multiples couplées a un spectromètre de masse. Cette technique permet une comparaison directe entre les vapeurs produites par des laitiers de compositions diverses a partir de laquelle les activités des constituants peuvent être.déduites. Des mesures ont été effectuées sur le système CaF₂-CaO-Al₂O₃ à 1600 K et 1700 K. Les activitées de CaF₂ et CaO ont été déterminées indépendament. Les résultats montrent que la forte interaction entre CaO et Al₂O₃ n'est pas grandement affectée par la présence de CaF₂ jusqu'à des teneurs de 60% en poids. Le systéeme présente une tendance à l'immiscibilité entre les laitiers les plus riches en CaF₂ et les laitiers pauvres en CaF₂ pour lesquels le rapport Al₂O₃/CaO est proche de l'unité ou plus grand. Ceci peut être le résultat d'une interaction entre CaO et Al₂O₃ maximale pour les mélanges binaires dont les compositions correspondent aux ions Al₂O₅^4? ou plus probablement AlO₂^?.     

Surface Tensions of Some CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 Slags

Abstract

The surface tensions of some high basicity alumino-silicates have been determined by the maximum bubble pressure technique. The results, which lie in the range 440–550 mN m^?1, are lower than estimated from predictive models and the reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. It is suggested that the concept of optical basicity can, under appropriate circumstances, be usefully applied to aid the interpretation of surface tension-composition relationships.

Résumé

Les tensions de surface de certains Alumino-Silicates très alcalins ont été déterminées par la technique de pression maximale de bulles. Les résultats qui fluctuent entre 440 et 550 mN m^?1, sont plus bas que les estimés prévus par modélisation et les raisons de ces écarts sont discutés. Il est suggéré que le concept d'alcalinité optique soit appliqué avantageusement dans certain cas, pour aider à l'interprétation des relations tension de surface-composition.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定焦炭、焦粉灰分中T.Fe、SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、MgO、K2O和Na2O的含量

介绍了采用荧光光谱法测定焦炭、焦粉灰分中T．Fe、SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、MgO、K2O和Na2O含量的实验条件，与化学法相比，该方法简便快捷，测量精密度高，准确性好。     

Thermodynamics of O,N, and S in liquid Fe equilibrated with CaO-AI2O3-MgO slags

Nitrogen and S distribution ratios between CaO-Al₂O₃-MgO slags and liquid Fe were measured at 1873 K as a function of Al (or Mg, Ca) content in metal, using CaO, MgO, and A1₂O₃ crucibles. Based on the results for the solubility product of MgO, the equilibrium constant,K _Mg , for the reaction MgO =Mg +O and the first-order interaction parameter,e _O ^Mg (e _Mg ^O ), were estimated to be logK _Mg = -7.8 ± 0.2 ande _O ^Mg = -190 ± 60 (e _Mg ^O = -290 ± 90), respectively. The activities of A1₂O₃ at the slag compositions double-saturated with CaO/MgO, MgO/ MgO A1₂O₃, and MgO Al₂O₃/CaO 2A1₂O₃ components were obtained from the S distribution ratios between slag and metal, coupled with the reported values of sulfide capacities. Nitride capacities were also estimated from the N distribution ratios and the activities of A1₂O₃.     

微波消解--AAS法联合测定Mg质耐材中MgO CaO Al2O3的试验研究

通过微波消解条件的选择、共存成分的干扰与消除、测定波长的选择、基体干扰的讨论、准确度以及精密度试验等一系列试验研究,提出了以H3PO4作为溶样酸,应用微波消解技术,在密闭容器中高温高压消解试样,用AAS法(N20-C2H2火焰)直接进行联合测定Mg质耐材中MgO,CaO,Al2O3的试验方法.该方法测定结果令人满意,是一条准确、快速分析测定Mg质耐材中MgO,CaO,Al2O3的新途径.     

Model for diffusion coefficient estimation of calcium ions in CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 slags

Abstract

As a common component in metallurgical slag, CaO plays an important role in desulphurisation, dephosphorisation and absorption of non-metallic inclusions. In order to better understand the mechanism of the slag/metal reactions, the diffusion dynamics of calcium ions in CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ slags were studied. It was found that there was almost a linear relation between the logarithms of pre-exponential factor and diffusion activation energy. By combining the relation between the diffusion activation energy and the optical basicity corrected in the CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ slags, a simple model used to estimate the diffusion coefficient of calcium ion is proposed. The estimated values of the CaO–SiO₂ and CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ systems agree well with the experiment data, with a mean deviation of 35·3 and 22·5% respectively.     

ICP-AES法测定铁矿石中SiO_2,CaO,MgO,Al_2O_3,MnO和TiO_2

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对铁矿石中SiO2 ,CaO ,MgO ,Al2 O3,MnO ,TiO2 的分析进行了试验研究。试液中10mg/mLFe存在时 ,基体效应明显 ,采用基体匹配办法消除铁的干扰。Ca ,Mg ,Al,Si,Ti,Mn ,Ni,Cr ,Cu ,Co ,Zn ,V ,Ba之间没有干扰 ;稀土元素对SiO2 的测定有干扰。Al,Ca ,Mg ,Mn ,Si,Ti的检出限分别为 0.5 ,0.12 5 ,0.0 5 ,0.0 5 ,0.2 5 ,0.0 0 2 5 μg/mL ,回收     

Thermodynamics of oxygen and nitrogen in liquid iron equilibrated with CaO- SiO2-Al2O3 slags

Nitrogen distribution ratios, L_N ( = (mass pct N)/[mass pct N]), between CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ slags and liquid iron were measured at 1823 and 1873 K as a function of Si (or Al) content in metal, using lime and alumina crucibles. Based on these results and the reported values for activities of SiO₂ (or Al₂O₃), nitride capacities, C_(N), defined by (mass pct N) · PO₂/3/4/PN₂/1/2 were evaluated. Activities of SiO₂ (or Al₂O₃) obtained by using the values for L_N and C_(N) obtained in present and previous gas-slag experiments were compared with previous results. FUMIHIKO TAMURA formerly Graduate Student with the Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Tohoku University.