DNA损伤结合蛋白2基因单核苷酸多态性相关的肺癌发病风险模型

[目的]研究DNA损伤结合蛋白2基因（DDB2基因）单核苷酸多态性位点rs3781620等位基因（nt23314 C〉G）多态与肺癌易感性的关系，并建立环境-遗传因素的肺癌发病风险模型。[方法]运用病例-对照研究，选择湖北省各地区医院经病理诊断确诊的原发性肺癌患者216例为病例组，社区人群448人为对照组，以Taqman探针基因分型的方法进行基因分型，采用多因素非条件Logistic回归后退法筛选肺癌相关危险因素并计算人群归因危险度百分比，绘制受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）。[结果]社区对照人群中DDB2基因的C和G两种等位基因分布频率分别为66．6％和33．4％。多因素分析结果表明与携带DDB2基因单核苷酸多态性位点rs3781620等位基因的野生型纯合子CC基因型者相比，携带CG或GG基因型的研究对象患肺癌危险度为OR=1．634（95％CI：1．104～2．420）；年长者（〉60岁）发生肺癌的危险度为OR=1．641（95％CI：1．110～2．426）；一级亲属家族有肿瘤史的危险度为OR=2．972（95％CI：1．452～6．084）；轻度和重度吸烟者分别为OR=1．649（95％CI：0．962～2．826）、OR=6．351（95％CI：3．978～10．139）；饮酒为OR=1．559（95％CI：1．034～2．349）；体育锻炼为OR=O．568（95％CI：0．383～0．844）。以上各因素的人群归因危险度百分比分别为11．27％、13．34％、7．16％、9．67％、44．90％、8．71％和-11．67％。Logistic回归模型ROC曲线下面积为0．786（95％CI：0．748-0．823）。[结论]遗传和环境因素在肺癌发病中起作用：一级亲属肿瘤家族史、DDB2基因单核苷酸多态性位点rs3781620 CG或GG基因型与肺癌易感性有关；不良的生活方式（吸烟、饮酒和缺乏锻炼）可增加肺癌的危险性。该模型对肺癌发病风险的评估能力中等。     

男性饮酒及体质指数与良性前列腺增生关系

目的探讨饮酒、体质指数与良性前列腺增生（BPH）的关系。方法采用病例对照研究方法。病例为2004～2006年临床诊断为良性前列腺增生、施行手术治疗、术后病理证实为BPH的患者，年龄为56～88岁。对照为同期住院的非前列腺增生患者，年龄与病例相同。以1：1匹配。病例与对照各334例，采用自行设计的调查表对研究对象进行调查。内容包括一般情况、身体测量、生活方式（吸烟、饮食、饮酒情况等）、既往史以及前列腺疾病的家族史等。采用Logistic回归模型计算OR值和95％CI。结果病例组脑力劳动者所占的比例高于对照组，但其所从事的职业性活动却低于对照组，二者差异有统计学意义（χ^2=4．446，P〈0．05）。与不饮酒者比较，每天酒精摄入量为31～45g者其OR=0．652,95％CI=0．484～0．878；洒精摄入量为46～60g／d者其OR=0．533，95％CI=0．307～0．924。但重度饮酒者这种相关性减弱，酒精摄入量〉60g／d者与不饮酒者比，OR值增大，OR=0．623，95％CI：0．438～0．886。结论酒精摄入量与BPH危险性间呈U型关系，而饮酒的年限、体重指数与BPH发病无关系。适量饮酒（酒精摄入量≤60g／d）可能是BPH发病的保护因素。     

安庆地区农村人群腰高比与脑卒中发病关系的研究

目的探讨农村人群中腹部肥胖指标——腰高比（waist—to—heightratio,WHR）与脑卒中的发病关系。方法对安庆及其周边地区在1995—2005年间参加前期流行病学研究的队列人群进行健康回访。采用COX比例风险模型来探讨腰高比与脑卒中的发病关系。结果纳入分析18963人,中位随访时间为6．3年,共发生371例脑卒中,经年龄、性别（分析总人群时）、吸烟、饮酒多变量调整后,总人群中腰高比每增加0．1,发生脑卒中、脑梗死和脑出血的风险比（hazardratio,HR）分别为1．75（95％CI：1．47—2．09）、2．18（95％CI：1．59～2．99）和1．67（95％CI：1．20～2．30）,男性中对应的HR分别为1．69（95％CI：1．32—2．16）、2．35（95％CI：1．50～3．68）和1．60（95％CI：1．03—2．48）,女性中对应的HR分别为1．86（95％CI：1．45—2．38）、2．09（95％CI：1．34～3．26）和1．82（95％CI：1．12～2．97）;进一步调整收缩压和舒张压之后,在总人群中,腰高比每增加0．1仍能增加50％的脑梗死发病风险,对应的HR值为1．50（95％CI：1．08—2．09）;而分别在男女性别中,腰高比与脑卒中发病风险的关联无统计学意义。结论农村人群中,腰高比的升高增加脑卒中及其亚型的发病风险,但是这种关系在一定程度上受到血压的影响,在总人群中腰高比是脑梗死的独立危险因素。     

广西壮族自治区40岁以上人群冠心病事件发病影响因素的队列研究

目的探讨影响广西壮族自治区40岁以上人群冠心病事件发病的影响因素。方法在1991年全国高血压调查的基础上，对广西壮族自治区〉40岁以上11818人进行了随访调查，取得其冠心病发病资料。结果冠心病事件的发生与收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、脉压、吸烟、体重指数（BMI）和有无心肌梗死（心梗）史有关。Cox回归分析表明，有心梗史者较无心梗史者发生冠心病事件的相对危险度（RR）大21倍（95％CI：9．06～48．44）；脉压每增高10mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa），冠心病事件发生的RR为1．29倍（95％CI：1．11～1．49），大于DBP的118倍（95％CI：1．02～1．22）、SBP的1．13倍（95％CI：105～1．28）；吸烟者比不吸烟者的冠心病事件的RR增加1．23倍（95％CI：1．05～1．45）；每增加1的BMI，冠心病事件的RR增加1．03倍（95％CI：1．01～1．05）。结论有心梗史者、高血压、吸烟、高BMI是冠心病发病的危险因素。     

沙尘天气与呼吸系统疾病日入院人数关系

目的研究沙尘天气与呼吸系统疾病日入院人数的关系。方法采用时间序列的半参数广义相加模型（GAM）。在控制了长期趋势、日历效应以及气象因子等混杂因素的影响后，分析1994～2003年沙尘天气与呼吸系统日入院人数的关系，并按性别不同分层建立模型（滞后7d）。结果（1）总的呼吸系统疾病日入院相对危险度（RR）和上呼吸道感染（URTI）日入院RR，在沙尘天气滞后第3d差异均有统计学意义，其RR分别为1．14（95％CI：1．02～1．27），1．16（95％CI=1．00～1．36）；（2）在分层分析中，沙尘天气在滞后第3d对总的呼吸系统疾病男女性日入院数均有影响，RR分别为1．14（95％CI=1．01～1．29），1．18（95％CI=1．00～1．41），且仅URTI和肺炎的男性日入院人数差异有统计学意义。RR分别为1．28（95％CI=1．04～1．59），1．17（95％CI：1．00～1．38）。结论沙尘天气与呼吸系统日入院人数有联系，且均表现为滞后影响，而男性URTI和肺炎的发生人群较女性与沙尘天气的联系更为密切。     

水果摄入对胃癌发生影响的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析研究水果摄入对胃癌发生的影响.方法 通过Medline、Pubmed、Ovid数据库及万方数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、重庆维普数据库等工具检索2001年1月至2012年10月国内外发表的关于水果摄入与胃癌关系的队列研究,收集文献资料.采用Meta分析的方法对数据进行分析,根据异质性采用不同的模型对检索文献的相对危险度（RR）值及其95％可信区间（CI）值进行合并,并根据地区、随访时间、调整因素进行亚组分析.结果 共纳入队列研究文献7篇,随访人数1 173 859例,其中胃癌患者3679例;总合并效应量为0.89（95％ CI：0.78 ～ 1.01）,提示水果摄入对胃癌的发生保护性作用不具有独立性;亚组分析结果表明,随访时间≥10年的合并效应量为0.94（95％ CI：0.85 ～0.99）,调整了年龄、吸烟、饮酒等生活习惯因素的效应量为0.81（95％CI：0.54 ～0.99）,提示排除了不良生活习惯等因素的影响,水果的摄入对胃癌的发生具有保护作用.结论 水果摄入对胃癌发生具有抑制作用,建议在饮食中适当增加水果以预防胃癌的发生.     

广西城乡居民膳食营养素摄入与代谢综合征的关系

目的探讨广西城乡居民膳食营养素摄入水平与代谢综合征的关系，为有针对性提出膳食营养防治策略提供科学依据。方法按照多阶段随机抽样法．分别抽取广西4个城市和4个农村县共3026名18岁及以上的城乡居民进行调查：采用24h回顾法进行膳食调查；对调查对象进行体检和血糖、血脂检测。结果被调查居民中代谢综合征（MS）患者107人，患病率为3．54％，其中城市居民MS患病率为5．21％，农村为1．90％，差别有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。城市居民MS患者能量、铁营养素摄入与正常人群相比无明显差异．经多因素Logisic回归分析发现，膳食蛋白质（OR=1．256，95％CI：1．042～1．514）、铁（OR=1．432，95％CI：1．127—1．820）摄入过多是城市居民MS重要的膳食危险因素，而维生素B2是保护因素（OR=0．712．95％CI：0．590～0．860）；而农村居民MS患者能量、蛋白质、钠、钾、硒和烟酸、维生素B1、维生素B2摄入量均显著高于正常人群，蛋白质（OR=1．854，95％CI：1．435—2．396）摄入过多是农村居民MS危险因素，而膳食钙（OR=0．612，95％CI：0．398-0．939）是保护因素。结论膳食营养因素与广西城乡居民发生MS关系密切，膳食蛋白质摄入过多是广西城乡居民MS的危险因素，其他膳食营养因素存在城乡差异；对城乡居民采取针对性膳食营养干预措施将取得更好的防治效果。     

中国农村人群高血压危险因素的meta分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨中国农村人群高血压发病的主要危险因素,为今后防治提供依据。方法以高血压、农村、危险因素等为主题词或关键词,检索1998—2013年发表的有关中国农村人群高血压发病危险因素的病例对照研究,按照文献纳入与排除标准选择文献、评价质量,提取数据,采用RevMan5．1软件进行meta分析。结果共17篇文献符合条件纳入研究,meta分析结果表明各危险因素的合并OR值及95％a分别为：年龄（OR=1．07,95％CI：1．06—1．08）、BMI（OR=1．36,95％CI=1,27～1．45）、高血压家族史（OR=1．79,95％CI=1．34—2．39）、吸烟（OR=1．20,95％CI=1．07～1．34）、饮酒（OR=1．20,95％CI=1．14—1．27）、嗜盐（OR：1．28,95％CI=1．17—1．41）、高脂肪摄入（OR=1．17,95％CI=1．05—1．31）、文化程度高（OR：0．78,95％CI=0．71～0．87）、经济收入高（OR=0．90,95％CI=0．86—0．94）、锻炼（OR=0．81．95％CI=0．69～0．94）、腰臀比（OR=1．51,95％CI=1．2—1．89）、性别（OR：1．28,95％Cl=1．15-1．42）。结论高血压家族史、腰臀比、BMI、嗜盐、性别、吸烟、饮酒、高脂肪摄入、年龄为中国农村人群高血压发病的危险因素,文化程度高、锻炼、经济收入高则为保护性因素。     

饮绿茶降低吸烟、饮酒者消化系统癌发病的病例对照研究

目的：探讨饮绿茶是否可降低吸烟、饮酒者发生消化系统癌（胃癌、肝癌、食管癌）的危险度。方法：在江苏省泰兴市进行以人群为基础的病例对照研究。结果：病例为2000年泰兴市确诊的胃癌、肝癌、食管癌新病例且同意参加者，分别为206、204、218例。对照为随机选取的健康人群，在本地居住10年以上，并愿意参加者，共415人。结果显示：饮用绿茶可降低饮酒者患胃癌、肝癌、食管癌的危险度分别为81％、78％、39％，降低吸烟者患胃癌、肝癌、食管癌的危险度分别为16％、43％、31％。交互作用的检验显示饮绿茶可明显降低饮酒者患胃癌和肝癌的危险，交互项OR值分别为0.23(95%CI:0.10-0.55)、0．25（95％CI：0．11－0．57）。结论：饮绿茶对饮酒者患胃癌、肝癌的危险度具有降低作用，还可不同程度降低饮酒者患食管癌及吸烟者患胃癌、肝癌、食管癌的危险度。     

浙江海岛渔民人群吸烟、饮酒与高脂血症的关系

目的 探讨渔民人群吸烟、饮酒与高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症之间的关系。方法应用现况调查结合病例对照研究的方法，随机抽取115名海岛渔民，按血脂检测结果分为病例组和对照组。采用流行病学问卷调查表的形式，详细调查其个人一般情况及吸烟、饮酒史，用单因素及其统计学分析方法比较吸烟(饮酒)组与对照组间脂蛋白和载脂蛋白(apo)水平差异及吸烟和饮酒对高脂血症的OR值。结果 吸烟组的OR值为3．417(95％CI：1．132～10．308)，吸烟指数与高脂血症患病具有明显的剂量效应关系，吸烟组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL—C)和apoB的水平高于对照组。开始饮酒年龄≤20岁及年饮酒精量≥15000m者，对高脂血症的oR值分别为4．016(95％CI：1．475～10．952)及3．275(95％CI：1．249～8．580)，酗酒渔民LDL—C、apoB、总胆固醇(TC)／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL—C)水平高于对照组，吸烟且饮酒者其OR值高于单吸烟或单饮酒者。结论 吸烟和酗酒是高脂血症的重要危险因素，其主要通过影响LDL—C、apoB水平导致高脂血症发生。吸烟及酗酒对高脂血症的发生具有协同作用。     

Prospective study of alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome

BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption is related to the prevalent metabolic syndrome. Few studies have evaluated the effects of alcohol consumption on the development of metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between alcohol consumption and incident metabolic syndrome. DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study of 3833 male and female Koreans aged 40-69 y and free of the metabolic syndrome at baseline. Information on alcohol consumption was obtained periodically from interviewer-administered questionnaires. Incident cases of the metabolic syndrome were identified by biennial health examinations during 4 y of follow-up between 2003 and 2006. RESULTS: Compared with nondrinkers, the multivariate relative risk [RR (95% CI)] of the metabolic syndrome for very light drinkers consuming 0.1 to 5 g of alcohol per day (g/d) was 1.06 (0.71, 1.58), that for light drinkers consuming 5.1 to 15 g/d was 1.13 (0.69, 1.83), that for moderate drinkers consuming 15.1 to 30 g/d was 1.25 (0.75, 2.09), and that for heavy drinkers consuming >30 g/d was 1.63 (1.02, 2.62). All individual components of the metabolic syndrome were significantly associated with heavy drinking, particularly among heavy liquor drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: Heavy drinking, in particular among liquor drinkers, is associated with an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome by influencing its components. Further data are warranted to clarify the association between drinking minimal alcohol and the metabolic syndrome as well as the beverage-specific association for drinking beer or wine.     

Preference for wine is associated with lower hip fracture incidence in post-menopausal women

Background

Past studies of relationships between alcohol and hip fracture have generally focused on total alcohol consumed and not type of alcohol. Different types of alcohol consist of varying components which may affect risk of hip fracture differentially. This study seeks to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption, with a focus on type of alcohol consumed (e.g. beer, wine, or hard liquor) and hip fracture risk in post-menopausal women.

Methods

The longitudinal cohort consisted of U.S. post-menopausal women aged 50–79 years enrolled between 1993–1998 in the Women’s Health Initiative Clinical Trials and Observational Study (N=115,655).

Results

Women were categorized as non-drinkers, past drinkers, infrequent drinkers and drinkers by preference of alcohol type (i.e. those who preferred wine, beer, hard liquor, or who had no strong preference). Mean alcohol consumption among current drinkers was 3.3 servings per week; this was similar among those who preferred wine, beer and liquor. After adjustment for potential confounders, alcohol preference was strongly correlated with hip fracture risk (p = 0.0167); in particular, women who preferred wine were at lower risk than non-drinkers (OR=0.78; 95% CI 0.64-0.95), past drinkers (OR=0.85; 95% CI 0.72-1.00), infrequent drinkers (OR=0.73; 95% CI 0.61-0.88), hard liquor drinkers (OR=0.87; 95% CI 0.71-1.06), beer drinkers (OR=0.72; 95% CI 0.55-0.95) and those with no strong preference (OR=0.89; 95% CI 0.89; 95% CI 0.73-1.10).

Conclusions

Preference of alcohol type was associated with hip fracture; women who preferentially consumed wine had a lower risk of hip fracture compared to non-drinkers, past drinkers, and those with other alcohol preferences.

     

Alcohol consumption and risk of peripheral arterial disease: the Rotterdam study

Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Data on alcohol consumption and atherosclerosis are scarce. To determine the association between alcohol consumption and risk of peripheral arterial disease, the authors carried out a cross-sectional study (1990-1993) in the population-based Rotterdam Study among men and women aged 55 years or over. Data on alcohol consumption and peripheral arterial disease, as measured by the ankle/brachial blood pressure index, were available for 3,975 participants without symptomatic cardiovascular disease. Male drinkers consumed beer, wine, and liquor, while female drinkers consumed predominantly wine and fortified wine types. An inverse relation between moderate alcohol consumption and peripheral arterial disease was found in women but not in men. Because of residual confounding by smoking, analyses were repeated in nonsmokers. In nonsmoking men, odds ratios were 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46, 1.63) for daily alcohol consumption up to and including 10 g, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.37, 1.55) for 11-20 g, and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.35, 1.34) for more than 20 g, compared with nondrinking. In nonsmoking women, corresponding odds ratios were 0.65 (95% CI: 0.48, 0.87), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.42, 1.05), and 0.41 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.77), respectively. In conclusion, an inverse association between alcohol consumption and peripheral arterial disease was found in nonsmoking men and women.     

Alcohol consumption and risk of prostate cancer: The Harvard Alumni Health Study

BACKGROUND: Although many studies suggest that consumption of alcohol increases the risk of several site-specific cancers, the evidence remains unclear for prostate cancer. Few data exist on beverage-specific associations as well as lifetime patterns of alcohol consumption and prostate cancer risk. METHODS: We prospectively followed 7612 Harvard alumni (mean age 66.6 years) from 1988 through 1993, during which 366 cases of incident prostate cancer occurred. Self-reported alcohol consumption was assessed at baseline from wine, beer, and liquor intake. Previous assessments during college and in 1977 were also available. RESULTS: Overall, the mean total alcohol consumption in 1988 was 123.1 g/week, of which 28.6% was from wine, 15.8% from beer, and 55.6% from liquor. Compared to men reporting almost never drinking alcohol in 1988, the multivariate relative risks (95% CI) for 1 drink/month to < 3 drinks/week, 3 drinks/week to < 1 drink/ day, 1 to < 3 drinks/day, and > or = 3 drinks/day were 1.33 (0.88-2.01), 1.65 (1.12-2.44), 1.85 (1.29-2.64), and 1.33 (0.86-2.05), respectively. Wine or beer consumption was unassociated with prostate cancer; however, moderate liquor consumption was associated with a significant 61-67% increased risk of prostate cancer (P, non-linear trend < 0.001). Men initiating alcohol consumption between 1977 and 1988 had a twofold increased risk of prostate cancer compared to men with almost no alcohol consumption at both times. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the majority of previous studies, we found a positive association between moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of prostate cancer. Liquor, but not wine or beer, consumption was positively associated with prostate cancer.     

Alcohol and breast cancer

We examined breast cancer incidence in a cohort of about 69,000 women who answered detailed questions about alcohol consumption from 1979 to 1984. Among women with no prior cancer, breast cancer had developed in 303 by the end of 1984 for an age-adjusted incidence of 1.3/1,000 person years of follow-up. In analysis controlling only for age there was a progressive increase in breast cancer incidence corresponding to each higher level of reported alcohol consumption. In multivariate analyses controlling for age, race, body mass, and smoking, the relative risk at 1-2 drinks/day was 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.3), at 3-5 drinks/day was 1.5 (95% CI 0.8-2.8), and at 6 or more drinks/day was 3.3 (95% CI 1.2-9.3). Past drinkers tended to have been heavier drinkers than current drinkers and had a relative risk of 2.2 (95% CI 1.2-3.9). Study of wine, beer, and liquor use did not suggest that any particular alcoholic beverage was responsible. Significant associations with heavy alcohol consumption were strongest among white and postmenopausal women. This study adds support to the growing evidence that alcohol may be a risk factor for development of breast cancer.     

2010年上海市15岁及以上居民饮酒行为研究

目的 研究2010年上海市15岁及以上居民饮酒行为现状.方法 采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,利用2010年“上海市慢性病及其危险因素监测”部分资料,研究上海市15岁及以上居民饮酒现状、饮酒频率、饮酒类型、每日酒精消费量及分级.结果 15岁及以上居民饮酒率为26.1％,男性为43.9％,女性为8.0％.饮酒者中酒精摄入量为34.3 g/d,男性为37.7 g/d,女性为14.9 g/d.不同年龄组中,男性45 ～ 59岁年龄组饮酒率和每日酒精摄入量最高（53.9％和42.6 g/d）,女性18～44岁年龄组饮酒率最高为9.6％,45 ～ 59岁年龄组酒精摄入量最高为16.5 g/d;中心城区和非中心城区的饮酒率分别为22.9％和28.5％,酒精摄入量分别为28.5g/d和37.8 g/d.男性饮酒者中,饮酒频率以几乎每天饮酒的比例最高（35.5％）,3～6d/周的比例最低（13.0％）;饮酒类型中,以饮黄酒、啤酒为主,比例为62.0％和42.8％,饮低度白酒的比例最低为9.8％;过量饮酒、危险饮酒和有害饮酒的比例分别为20.0％、9.2％和20.6％,单次大量饮酒比例为24.6％.结论 2010年上海地区15岁及以上居民饮酒率较高,不同性别、年龄和地区间饮酒行为存在差异.     

Alcohol consumption and all-cause and cancer mortality among middle-aged Japanese men: seven-year follow-up of the JPHC study Cohort I. Japan Public Health Center

To examine the association between alcohol consumption and mortality in Japan, where mortality and lifestyle differ substantially from Western countries, a population-based prospective study was conducted in four public health center areas as part of the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study on cancer and cardiovascular disease (JPHC). After excluding subjects with self-reported serious diseases at baseline, 19,231 men aged 40-59 years who reported their alcohol intake were followed from 1990 through 1996, and 548 deaths were documented. The association between all-cause mortality and alcohol consumption was J-shaped. The lowest risk was observed for men who consumed 1-149 g/week (relative risk (RR) = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46, 0.88), while the highest risk was seen for men who consumed > or =450 g/week (RR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.00, 1.74), after adjustment for possible confounders. The association did not change after excluding deaths that occurred in the first 2 years of follow-up. However, the association was modified by smoking, and beneficial effects of moderate drinking were largely limited to nonsmokers. The risk of cancer death showed a similar trend, but increased more in heavy drinkers. The background characteristics of moderate drinkers were healthier than either nondrinkers or heavy drinkers. The authors conclude that moderate alcohol consumption was associated with the lowest risks of all-cause and cancer mortality, especially among nonsmokers.     

饮酒与血压、血糖、血尿酸及血脂的关系研究

目的 探讨体检人群的饮酒行为与血压、空腹血糖、血尿酸和血脂的关系。 方法 选取健康体检者3911名作为研究对象,通过问卷调查其饮酒行为,并测量血压、检测空腹血糖、血尿酸和血脂,分析饮酒行为与血压、空腹血糖、血尿酸和血脂之间的关系。结果 超量饮酒组和大量饮酒组的收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、血尿酸、甘油三酯、总胆固醇均高于不饮酒组和适量饮酒组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。超量饮酒组和大量饮酒组高密度脂蛋白低于不饮酒组和适量饮酒组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。超量饮酒组和大量饮酒组收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、血尿酸、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白异常率均高于不饮酒组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 过量饮酒与血压、空腹血糖、血尿酸和血脂异常存在关联。     

Alcohol Consumption and Mortality in the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort Study

Objectives

To examine the association between alcohol consumption habit, types of beverages, alcohol consumption quantity, and overall and cancer-specific mortality among Korean adults.

Methods

The alcohol consumption information of a total of 16 320 participants who were 20 years or older from the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort were analyzed to examine the association between alcohol consumption habit and mortality (median follow-up of 9.3 years). The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of alcohol consumption to mortality adjusting for age, sex, geographic areas, education, smoking status, and body mass index.

Results

Alcohol drinkers showed an increased risk for total mortality compared with never drinkers (HR, 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38 to 2.14 for past drinkers; HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.39 for current drinkers), while past drinkers only were associated with higher risk for cancer deaths (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.34 to 2.53). The quantity of alcohol consumed per week showed a J-shaped association with risk of mortality. Relative to light drinkers (0.01 to 90 g/wk), never drinkers and heavy drinkers (>504 g/wk) had an increased risk for all-cause and cancer deaths: (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.45) and (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.83) for all-cause mortality; and (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.11) and (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.39 to 3.09) for all cancer mortality, respectively. Heavy drinkers (>504 g/wk) showed an elevated risk for death from stomach and liver cancers.

Conclusions

The present study supports the existence of a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption quantity and the risk of all-cause and cancer deaths. Heavy drinkers had an increased risk of death from cancer overall and liver and stomach cancer.     

Bladder cancer, tobacco smoking, coffee and alcohol drinking in Brescia, northern Italy

The association between tobacco smoking, the consumption of coffee and alcohol and bladder cancer was investigated in a hospital-based case-control study in Brescia, northern Italy. A total of 172 incident cases (135 men and 37 women) and 578 controls (398 men and 180 women) were enrolled. As expected, cigarette smoking was strongly associated with bladder cancer. The odds ratios (OR) for coffee drinking adjusted for age, education, residence and cigarette smoking in current drinkers were 2.6 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.1–6.1) in men and 5.2 (95% CI: 1.0–30.4) in women. A dose-response relationship was found in men, with the highest risk in the highest category of exposure: drinkers of more than 5 cups per day had an OR of 4.5 (95% CI: 1.2–16.8). The ORs for current alcohol drinkers were 2.1 (95% CI: 1.0–4.8) in men and 3.4 (95% CI: 1.2–9.7) in women; according to grams of ethanol drunk per day (grams/day, g/d) the ORs were: 1.7 (1–20 g/d), 1.6 (21–40 g/d), 4.3 (41–60 g/d) and 4.6 (61+ g/d) in men and 3.1 (1–20 g/d) and 3.9 (21+ g/d) in women. These results suggest that regular consumption of both coffee and alcohol can be independently associated with an increased bladder cancer risk.