The crystal ball: computer-controlled dyehouse of the future?

One of the main benefits to be derived from environmental legislation for manufacturers is a greater awareness of energy consumption. Eric Syson highlights the scope for reducing energy costs through improvements to hardware and underlines a ‘green’ facet of the modern dyeing machine…it can be recycled.     

Microstructure and crystal structure of an equimolar Mg-Ti alloy processed by Simoloyer high-energy ball mill

The solid solubility of 50-50 at.% Mg-Ti powder mixtures was achieved by means of high energy ball milling in a Simoloyer equipment. XRD and HRTEM analyses revealed the existence of FCC and BCC matrix of Ti solid solution in Mg containing small amounts of an HCP Ti-rich phase formed after milling for 48 and 72 h, respectively at 800 rpm. An intermediate FCC solid solution of Ti in Mg was identified in powders milled for 24 h or less. The chemical composition of the matrix products extended from Ti56:Mg44 to Ti50:Mg50, which is close to the targeted equimolar ratio. XRD analysis of the structure suggested that the release of the lattice strain energy contributed to the driving force for transformation and solid solution between Mg and Ti after ball milling. Twinning was observed in Ti-rich crystallites at intermediate milling time. The twinning observed could be attributed to the deformation of Ti particles. However, in the Mg-Ti system, it might also indicate a strain induced martensitic transformation of the metastable ω-FCC into BCC product. The crystallite boundaries acted as preferential sites for the heterogeneous nucleation of the twins and for the formation of solid solution by release of the lattice strain energy.     

钢球磨煤机钢球级配和补球优化试验研究

为降低钢球磨煤机制粉单耗和研究较佳的补球规律,针对某600 MW机组双进双出钢球磨进行了煤粉等速取样、钢球筛分以及补球优化的运行试验。结果表明:根据煤粉细度和均匀性指数可以推测出钢球级配的变化;补球应将钢球平均球径控制在初始平均球径附近,且补球时应先稳住大球级配,逐步适当提高小球级配;合理的级配可以使得相同工况下煤粉均匀性指数提高至0.8以上、制粉单耗平均下降近3 k Wh/t;得到了钢球磨损量与合理补球的信号。     

Further studies of ball and powder filling effects in ball milling

The specific rates of breakage of quartz have been studied in three tumbling ball mills, two of 195 mm i.d. and one of 0.6 m i. d., as a function of fractional ball and powder loading. It was found that power results from a small mill with small lifters were anomalous, probably due to slippage, so that results reported previously from tests in this mill were not correct as a function of ball load. New results are presented for both wet and dry grinding.     

用玻璃球负载纳米级SO2-4/TiO2固体超强酸催化合成乙酸正丁酯

用玻璃球负载纳米级SO2-4/TiO2固体超强酸催化合成乙酸正丁酯,对催化剂的制备条件和乙酸正丁酯的合成条件进行了研究.在最佳反应条件下,乙酸的转化率为99.3%,催化剂重复使用8次后乙酸的转化率仍高达92.3%.该催化剂选择性好,未发现有副产物生成,看来具有较好的应用前景.     

球磨机改型为超细球磨机存在的问题

目前,精细化工行业对非金属矿超细粉需求日益增大,而进口相应的设备价格十分昂贵,开发国产的较大型超细球磨机正逢其时。但与普通球磨机相比,由于产品的细度大大增加,因而降低能耗、保证产品的白度及减少出料的扬尘是改型中的关键。为此,我们研制了新型磨机,可比普通球磨机节电20%～25%,节油60%,产品的各项指标均达到市场要求。改型中的问题及解决方法分述如下。1能耗问题普通球磨机采用滑动传动,不但易磨损、寿命短,而且能耗较大。在超细球磨机中,我们采用双列球面滚子轴承代替原来的滑动轴承,磨机采用中轴式行星传动,能耗大大降低,轴承的…     

Experimental investigations and modelling of the ball motion in planetary ball mills

Planetary ball mills feature attractive properties, like the possibility of dry or wet operation, straightforward handling, cleanability and moderate costs. Consequently they are very well suited for lab scale process development in diverse industries, including pharmaceuticals and new materials. A number of questions still remain unanswered regarding this mill type. These include the stress conditions as well as transfer of the grinding results to other types of mills with free moving balls, such as stirred media mills, which can be built in large scales and operated continuously.In order to measure the ball motion and, thus, the stress conditions, a planetary ball mill was equipped with a high speed video camera, so that the grinding ball motion during the comminution process can be recorded and analysed. The influence of important process parameters on the ball motion pattern was assessed in this study, namely speed ratio, ball filling ratio and friction conditions, the latter by applying different mill feeds. The experimental results show considerable influences of the ball filling ratio and friction conditions. The measured ball motion patterns differ significantly from ball trajectories which were calculated using kinetic equations proposed in older publications.In addition to the measurements the ball motion was simulated using a three dimensional Discrete Element Model (DEM). An attempt was made to account for mill feed via altered friction coefficients. Correlations of the DEM results and experimental findings at different operating conditions show a good agreement. Based on simulation data the frequency distribution of the stress energies in the mill could be calculated and compared for different operating conditions.     

用玻璃球负载纳米级SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸催化合成乙酸正丁酯

用玻璃球负载纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸催化合成乙酸正丁酯,对催化剂的制备条件和乙酸正丁酯的合成条件进行了研究。在最佳反应条件下,乙酸的转化率为99.3%,催化剂重复使用8次后乙酸的转化率仍高达92.3%。该催化剂选择性好,未发现有副产物生成,看来具有较好的应用前景。     

球磨机的节电应用

利用同步电机功率因数可调性,调节球磨机励磁电流使线路cosφ接近1状态,从而达到球磨机和其线路节电,并和矿变电所的电容器配合,进行无功补偿的优化的目的.采取削峰填谷,改进生产工艺等措施,深挖节能潜力.