桂枝对大鼠良性前列腺增生细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的：研究桂枝对大鼠良性前列腺增生细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法：大鼠皮下注射丙酸睾丸素（5mg/kg）造成良性前列腺增生动物模型,经灌胃给以不同剂量桂枝水煎液（6.67g/kg、3.33g/kg和1.67g/kg）,阳性对照组相同途径给予保列治（非那雄胺）水溶液（0.45mg/kg）,正常对照组和模型组给予等体积离子净化水。30d后处死大鼠,观察大鼠前列腺指数变化,HE染色光镜观察前列腺病理改变,Ki-67免疫组化染色和TUNEL染色检测大鼠前列腺细胞的增殖指数和凋亡指数。结果：桂枝能明显降低大鼠的前列腺指数（P〈0.01）,明显减轻前列腺组织病理改变,提高前列腺细胞凋亡表达率（P〈0.01）;而对前列腺细胞增殖指数没有明显作用（P〉0.05）。结论：桂枝具有抗大鼠良性前列腺增生的作用,促进大鼠前列腺增生细胞凋亡可能是其机理之一。     

补骨脂素对良性增生前列腺细胞增殖的影响

目的:观察补骨脂素对良性前列腺增生的抑制效果,探讨其作用机制.方法:将20只SD大鼠随机均分为两组,去势7 d后皮下注射丙酸睾酮5 mg/kg,同时实验组灌胃给予补骨脂素40 mg/kg,对照组给予等量蒸馏水,30 d后处死,称取前列腺湿重、计算前列腺指数,免疫组化法检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)指数,光镜观察前列腺组织病理学改变.结果:实验组大鼠前列腺湿重、前列腺指数和PCNA指数均显著低于对照组(P<0.05).结论:补骨脂素能显著抑制模型大鼠的良性前列腺增生,其机制可能是通过降低前列腺细胞增殖而实现的.     

3'-大豆苷元磺酸钠抗实验性小鼠良性前列腺增生的作用观察

目的:研究3'-大豆苷元磺酸钠(DSS)对实验性小鼠BPH及性激素平衡的影响。方法:40只雄性小鼠随机分为5组:正常对照组、BPH模型组、前列康组(阳性对照)、20mg/(kg.d)DSS组及40mg/(kg.d)DSS组,每组8只。皮下注射丙酸睾酮建立小鼠BPH模型。正常对照组给予橄榄油0.1ml/只,前列康组给予前列康5g/(kg.d),DSS组给予DSS20mg、40mg/(kg.d)灌胃。观察每组处理12d后小鼠前列腺湿重、前列腺指数、前列腺组织形态学变化和性激素水平。结果:DSS治疗12d后,与模型组相比,DSS组小鼠前列腺湿重及前列腺指数出现剂量依赖性的降低(P(0.05或P(0.01),光镜下见增生的腺上皮乳头减少或消失,腺体上皮细胞呈低立方或扁平状;血清T、E2含量和T/E2比值明显降低(P(0.05或P(0.01),40mg/(kg.d)DSS组的结果与前列康组相似。结论:DSS对丙酸睾酮所致小鼠BPH具有显著的拮抗作用,其作用机制在一定程度上与降低小鼠血清T、E2含量及T/E2比值有关。     

桂枝茯苓胶囊对前列腺增生模型大鼠的作用效果和机制研究

目的 探讨桂枝茯苓胶囊对良性前列腺增生(BPH)模型大鼠的作用效果及可能存在的机制.方法 将50只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白组(假手术组),前列腺增生模型组,非那雄胺组及桂枝茯苓胶囊高、低剂量组,共5组,每组10只.将SD大鼠去势后皮下注射丙酸睾酮,持续28d,建立大鼠前列腺增生模型.造模同时,空白组及模型组予以生理盐...     

前列舒通对丙酸睾酮诱导的去势大鼠前列腺增生的作用机制

目的探讨前列舒通抑制良性前列腺增生的治疗作用机理,观察其对良性前列腺增生的治疗效果。方法观察前列舒通作用于丙酸睾酮诱导去势大鼠前列腺增生模型后的前列腺指数,前列腺体积,前列腺腺体总面积、bFGF(碱性成纤维生长因子)、EGF(表皮生长因子)、bcl-2(抑制细胞凋亡因子),以及前列腺组织病理学改变。结果前列舒通各浓度组前列腺指数、前列腺体积、前列腺腺体总面积、bFGF、EGF、bcl-2均明显低于模型组。结论前列舒通能显著抑制丙酸睾酮诱导去势大鼠的良性前列腺增生,其机制可能是通过降低bFGF、EGF、bcl-2的表达水平,从而抑制前列腺细胞增殖和促进凋亡而实现的。     

前列舒通对前列腺增生模型大鼠bcl-2表达的影响

目的探讨前列舒通对前列腺增生模型大鼠bcl-2表达的影响,观察其对良性前列腺增生的治疗效果.方法观察前列舒通对由丙酸睾酮诱导的去势大鼠前列腺增生模型后的前列腺指数、bcl-2(抑制细胞凋亡因子)表达以及前列腺组织病理学改变.结果前列舒通各浓度组前列腺指数、bcl-2表达均明显低干模型组.结论前列舒通能显著降低良性前列腺增生模型大鼠的bcl-2表达,从而抑制前列腺细胞增殖和促进凋亡而实现抑制良性前列腺增生.     

大豆黄酮对睾酮诱导的大鼠前列腺增生预防作用的实验研究

目的:探讨大豆黄酮对雄激素诱导的大鼠前列腺增生的预防作用。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠36只,随机分为Ⅰ~Ⅵ组,每组6只。Ⅰ组(正常对照组)、Ⅱ组(模型组)给予1ml生理盐水、Ⅲ~Ⅵ组(低、中、高大豆黄酮组及阳性对照组)分别给予2、20、100mg/kg大豆黄酮及0.1mg/kg己烯雌酚灌胃,1次/d,连续90d。从第91d开始,Ⅱ~Ⅵ组分别皮下注射丙酸睾酮(7.5mg/kg,1次/d,连续10d)诱导前列腺增生。观测各组大鼠前列腺湿重、前列腺指数;HE染色观察前列腺组织变化情况;免疫组化方法检测大鼠前列腺内雌激素受体α、β(ERα、ERβ)表达的变化。结果:与模型组相比,低、中、高大豆黄酮组及阳性对照组的前列腺湿重与前列腺指数均有显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。中、高剂量大豆黄酮组大鼠前列腺增生减轻更明显,表现为上皮变薄,腺腔内分泌物明显减少,间质减少。ERα在模型组的表达与其余各组无明显差异;ERβ在各剂量大豆黄酮组与模型组相比明显减少。结论:大豆黄酮对睾酮诱导的前列腺增生有一定预防作用。     

白藜芦醇对大鼠前列腺增生的抑制作用初探

目的 探讨门藜芦醇对丙酸睾酮诱导未去势成年人鼠前列腺增牛的抑制作用.方法 将大鼠随机分组,模型组每日皮下注射内酸睾酮5mg/kg,同时给药组灌饲不同剂量的白藜芦醇(剂量分别为15mg/kg、5mg/kg、1mg/kg),连续14d,皮下注射己烯雌酚1mg/kg,每周3次(周一、三、五).于第15d杀剂,分离前列腺、精囊和睾丸,称重,计算各腺体指数[腺体湿重(mg)/体重(g)],光镜下观察前列腺组织形态变化.结果 白藜芦醇在5mg/kg和15mg/kg剂最时分别与模型对照组相比,其前列腺指数差异均具钉统计学意义(P＜0.05或0.01),睾丸指数、精囊指数、体重变化差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).白藜芦醇对动物的前列腺组织病理表现改善明显.结论 白藜芦醇具有一定的抑制前列腺增生作用,且对睾丸、精囊及体重无明显影响.     

补骨脂素抗良性前列腺增生的研究

目的探讨补骨脂素对丙酸睾丸酮所致大白鼠前列腺增生(BPH)模型的作用。方法将SD大鼠去势7 d后皮下注射丙酸睾丸酮5.00 mg·kg-1·d-1,同时以补骨脂素45.00、15.00mg·kg-1·d-1保列治0.45 mg·kg-1·d-1、蒸馏水0.10 ml·kg-1·d-1,灌胃治疗1个月后处死大鼠,称量前列腺湿重、体积,光镜观察前列腺组织病理学改变、放射免疫法测量血清睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)。结果 补骨脂素组的前列腺湿重指数[(6 723.1±763.3、6 434.8±481.3)mg/kg体重]和前列腺体积指数[(3.8±0.7、4.4±0.8)ml/kg体重]较保列治组[(6 820.8±528.2)mg/kg体重、(5.4±0.3)ml/kg体重]及蒸馏水组[(8 798.5±1 184.9)mg/kg体重、(6.7±1.1)ml/kg体重]显著降低(P<0.05)。补骨脂素组前列腺组织增生程度较保列治组及蒸馏水组显著降低(P<0.05);补骨脂素对丙酸睾丸酮所致前列腺增生模型大白鼠的血清T和E2的表达差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论补骨脂素治疗丙酸睾丸酮所致大鼠前列腺增生有效。     

土贝母皂甙对大鼠前列腺增生模型影响的实验研究

目的　探讨中药土贝母对前列腺增生 (BPH)的影响及作用机制。方法　将 4 0只SD大鼠去势 7天后皮下注射丙酸睾酮 5mg/kg,同时土贝母大、小剂量组分别腹腔注射土贝母注射液 4mg/kg、2mg/kg ,前列通瘀胶囊组给前列通瘀胶囊溶液 10 0mg/kg。于给药 30天后处死 ,观察前列腺重量和组织细胞结构改变 ,并通过免疫组化法检测PCNA和bFGF表达的变化。结果　 3个治疗组大鼠前列腺重量、PCNA指数及bFGF表达水平均明显低于模型组 ,其中尤以土贝母大剂量组最为明显 (P <0 .0 1)。土贝母大剂量组与前列通瘀胶囊组比较差异亦有显著性 ,而土贝母小剂量组与前列通瘀胶囊组比较差异无显著意义。结论　土贝母能明显抑制模型大鼠的BPH ,其机制可能是通过抑制前列腺细胞的增殖及减少前列腺组织中bFGF的表达而实现的。     

Anatomy of the prostate: An historical survey of divergent views

Historically, the study of the prostate anatomy has been characterized by a proliferation of contradictory findings. The major divergent views of prostate anatomy are here reviewed and compared in order to facilitate further study and the ultimate selection of the best anatomical model. The details of Lowsley's original concept of the prostate lobes and the subsequent evolution of this concept into several contradictory hypotheses are traced. Discrepancies between the findings of Lowsley, Franks, and McNeal are explained. Conclusions are drawn which may facilitate the further study of anatomy and disease in both the human animal prostate.     

Course of localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated by radical prostatectomy

Among 562 patients with histologic stage B-1, B-2, or C adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated by radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, analysis revealed that increasing histologic stage, tumor size, degree of capsular invasion, seminal vesicle involvement, and histologic grade all were highly correlated with both local and systemic progression (log-rank two-sided P less than or equal to 0.0001). No variable correlated with survival--a result that may reflect appropriate adjuvant therapy given at the time of progression. The death rate from prostatic cancer did appear to rise progressively with increase of stage. Overall, the projected 10-year survival was 76%.     

Impact of the static prostatic urethral angle on men with lower urinary tract symptoms

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the prostatic urethral angle (PUA) and the peak urinary flow rate (Q_max), as well as the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostate hyperplasia.Materials and methodsThe records of first-visit male patients with LUTS in the outpatient department of our institution were obtained. A transrectal ultrasound was performed on these patients after a detailed physical examination and medical history taking were performed. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of the patients, the prostate size, the length of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), and the PUA were evaluated. The patients also underwent uroflowmetry and bladder scan for residual urine.ResultsA total of 227 patients were included in this study. The mean PUA was 44.58 ± 12.87°. The mean prostate volume was 39.39 ± 19.79 mL, and the mean IPP was 4.82 ± 6.82 mm. After utilizing multivariate linear regression analysis, PUA was independently associated with IPSS (p < 0.001) and Q_max (p < 0.001). However, prostate volume and IPP were not associated with the above clinical items. None of the prostatic parameters were associated with the amount of postvoiding residual urine.ConclusionPUA has a remarkable correlation with Q_max and IPSS in men with LUTS. As PUA increased, IPSS also increased, and urinary flow rate decreased, exhibiting an inverse relationship.     

Androgen Interaction with the Polyamine System of the Rat Prostate

The ventral and dorsal lobes of the rat prostate contain larger quantities of the aliphatic amines putrescine, spermidine and spermine and higher activities of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) than other accessory sex glands. In contrast, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles contain only small quantities of the amines but the highest activities of the arginase (ARG; EC 3.5.3.1). Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated that the Km-values for ARG in the coagulating gland and ODC in the ventral prostate lobe were 20 mM and 0.2 mM, respectively. Castration decreased ODC and ARG activities to 3 and 50% of control levels, respectively, after 3 days, whilst the Km-values were unaffected. Daily administration of 3 mg dihydrotestosterone (DHT) prevented these castrational changes. Oestrogen treatment alone had no effect on the activities of the enzymes, but appeared to exert a synergistic effect with androgen on the ODC. Administration of androgen to intact rats for 7 days caused a dose-related alteration in the ratios of the various amines, particularly the spermine: putrescine ratio. A minor but significant decrease was also recorded in the activity of the ODC, which was mirrored by an increase in the levels of putrescine in the tissue. The data suggest that androgen control of the polyamine pathway is biphasic, first stimulatory and later inhibitory with lesions occurring at the ODC, possibly via short loop feedback of its product putrescine, but also at subsequent enzymic steps in spermidine and spermine biosynthesis.     

Tissue type plasminogen activator as a marker for functional zones, within the human prostate gland

The cellular distribution of tissue plasminogen activator in the prostate central zone, prostate peripheral zone, and seminal vesicle was studied by using immunohistochemistry. Samples of these three regions were taken from 20 radical prostatectomy specimens. Sixteen of 18 central zone samples showed positive staining of 20-90% of the epithelial cells. All 15 peripheral zone samples were negative, and only three of 14 seminal vesicles showed positive staining, which was present in less than 5% of cells. The distribution of tissue plasminogen activator within the prostate was the same as that previously reported for pepsinogen II. This suggests that the central zone of the prostate may be the selective site of origin for proteolytic enzymes in seminal fluid.     

Expression of prostatic TRH-like peptides differs between species and between malignant and nonmalignant tissues

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive peptides (iTRH) were analyzed in normal rat and rabbit prostates and in human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. Peptides were extracted from tissues, fractionated by anion and cation exchange chromatography, and analyzed by TRH radioimmunoassay. pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH₂ predominated in rabbit, but accounted for only 10–15% of iTRH in rat and human BPH. Uncharged peptides predominated in rat and human prostate. Authentic TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH₂) is not present in rabbit prostate, but may account for up to 25% of iTRH in rat and human prostate. iTRH was virtually absent in prostate cancer. These results demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in the expression of TRH-like peptides in the prostates of various animal species, and suggest decreased expression of these peptides in prostate cancer. © 1993 Wiley-Liss Inc.

1 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America

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前列腺体积及前列腺穿刺针数对前列腺癌诊断的影响

目的探讨前列腺体积及前列腺穿刺针数对前列腺癌诊断情况的影响并分析其原因。方法回顾性总结2002∽2009年间于我院行超声引导下经直肠前列腺系统12针穿刺292例患者的临床资料。患者PSA在o～20ng／mL之间。经直肠超声计算前列腺体积。将患者按照前列腺体积分为：〈30mL,30∽60mL,60∽90mL,〉90mL四组,比较各组前列腺穿刺6针、8针、10针、12针时前列腺癌诊断率。统计学Fisher’S检验比较各组间差异性。结果总体前列腺癌诊断率为25％（73／292）,在〈30mL组：6针、8针、10针、12针的前列腺癌诊断率相同,均为39．13％（21／54）;在30～60mL组：6针、8针、10针、12针的诊断率分别为：21．3％（23／108）、23．1％（25／108）、23．1％（25／108）、24．1％（26／108）,诊断率无显著差异（P〉0．05）。在60～90mL组：6针的诊断率为12．9％（12／93）,显著低于8针（19．4％（18／93）3、10针[20．4％（19／93）]、12针（20．4％（19／93）]的诊断率（Pd0．05）。在〉90mL组：6针、8针的诊断率均为8．1％（3／37）,显著低于10针、12针的诊断率C18．9％（7／37）,P〈0．053。黠论前列腺体积是选择前列腺穿刺针数时的一个重要的参考因素,在前列腺体积较大的情况下,可适当的增加前列腺穿刺针数,在前列腺体积较小的情况下,增加前列腺穿刺针数并不能提高前列腺癌的诊断率。     

超声引导下前列腺12针系统穿刺活检增加前列腺癌检出率的研究

目的:探讨不同年龄及前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)分组对12针穿刺活检前列腺癌检出率及肿瘤特征的影响。方法:临床表现怀疑前列腺癌患者210例,按照患者的年龄分为≤59岁组、60～69岁组、70～79岁组、≥80岁组,按照PSA水平分为0～4μg/L组、4.1～10μg/L组、10.1～20μg/L组、20.1～50μg/L组、>50μg/L组,记录患者临床资料及活检结果。提出不同的穿刺方案并计算其检出率。结果:210例怀疑为前列腺癌患者,检出前列腺癌91例,总的前列腺癌检出率为43.3%,随着年龄的增长,PSA水平的提高,检出率逐渐提高。年龄的增长、PSA水平的提高与体积较大、分级较高的肿瘤密切相关。外周带穿刺与旁正中矢状尖部穿刺有较高的前列腺癌检出率。当患者年龄<60岁,PSA水平<20μg/L时,12针穿刺活检为较佳方案。结论:12针穿刺活检可以弥补6针穿刺活检的缺陷,随着患者年龄的增长,PSA水平的提高,肿瘤的体积增大、病理分级较差。传统6针穿刺法与12针相比,受患者年龄、PSA水平的影响较大。